@article{Starck2022,

title = {The effect of malaria on childhood anemia in a quasi-experimental study of 7,384 twins from 23 Sub-Saharan African countries},

author = {Tim Starck and Peter Dambach and Toussaint Rouamba and Halidou Tinto and Faith Osier and Catherine E. Oldenburg and Maya Adam and Till B\"{a}rnighausen and Thomas Jaenisch and Caroline A. Bulstra},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009865/full},

doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009865},

issn = {2296-2565},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Public Health},

volume = {10},

pages = {1009865},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Young children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly those from resource-limited settings, are heavily burdened by anemia and malaria. While malaria infected children frequently become anemic (hemoglobin \< 110 g/L), anemia is a strongly multifactorial disease with many other risk factors than malaria. Due to the complex and often overlapping contributors to anemia, it remains challenging to isolate the true impact of malaria on population level hemoglobin concentrations. METHODS We quantified the malaria-induced effect on hemoglobin levels in children under 5 years of age, leveraging data from 7,384 twins and other multiples, aged 6 to 59 months, from 57 nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) from 23 SSA countries from 2006 to 2019. The quasi-experimental twin fixed-effect design let us minimize the impact of potential confounders that do not vary between twins. RESULTS Our analyses of twins revealed a malaria-induced hemoglobin decrease in infected twins of 9 g/L (95% CI -10; -7, p\<0.001). The relative risk of severe anemia was higher (RR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.79; 5.1, p\<0.001) among malaria positive children, compared to malaria negative children. Conversely, malaria positive children are only half as likely to be non-anemic (RR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.43; 0.61, p\<0.001). CONCLUSION Even after rigorous control for confounding through a twin fixed-effects study design, malaria substantially decreased hemoglobin levels among SSA twins, rendering them much more susceptible to severe anemia. This effect reflects the population-level effect of malaria on anemia.},

keywords = {anemia-etiology, DHS, fixed-effect, hemoglobin, Malaria, multiples, Sub-Sahara Africa, twins},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sawadogo2022,

title = {Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Western Burkina Faso, West Africa},

author = {Yacouba Sawadogo and Lokman Galal and Essia Belarbi and Ars\`{e}ne Zongo and Grit Schubert and Fabian Leendertz and Abdoulie Kanteh and Abdul Karim Sesay and Annette Erhart and Anne-Laure Ba\~{n}uls and Z\'{e}kiba Tarnagda and Sylvain Godreuil and Halidou Tinto and Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2788},

doi = {10.3390/v14122788},

issn = {1999-4915},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Viruses},

volume = {14},

issue = {12},

pages = {2788},

abstract = {\<p\>Background: After its initial detection in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly, causing successive epidemic waves worldwide. This study aims to provide a genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Burkina Faso. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-seven SARS-CoV-2 genomes obtained from PCR-positive nasopharyngeal samples (PCR cycle threshold score \< 35) collected between 5 May 2020, and 31 January 2022 were analyzed. Genomic sequences were assigned to phylogenetic clades using NextClade and to Pango lineages using pangolin. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were performed to determine the geographical sources and time of virus introduction in Burkina Faso. Results: The analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomes can be assigned to 10 phylogenetic clades and 27 Pango lineages already described worldwide. Our analyses revealed the important role of cross-border human mobility in the successive SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Burkina Faso from neighboring countries. Conclusions: This study provides additional insights into the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in West Africa. It highlights the importance of land travel in the spread of the virus and the need to rapidly implement preventive policies. Regional cross-border collaborations and the adherence of the general population to government policies are key to prevent new epidemic waves.\</p\>},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, COVID-19, genomic epidemiology, SARS-Cov-2, West Africa, Whole Genome Sequencing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zongo2022,

title = {Helminth-HIV co-infection and malnutrition impact on immunity in Africa: dearth of empirical evidence},

author = {Dramane Zongo and Zilungile Mkhize-Kwitshana and Hermann Sorgho and Musa Mabaso and Takafira Mduluza},

url = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/235229},

doi = {10.4314/ijbcs.v16i4.30},

issn = {1997-342X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences},

volume = {16},

issue = {4},

pages = {1745-1755},

abstract = {\<p\>Helminthiasis is frequently co-endemic with HIV/AIDS in developing countries and the co-infection induces many consequences of health that can be aggravated by the nutritional status. The relationship between malnutrition and infection is complex, especially in immune deficiency. Given this intricate relationship between malnutrition, HIV epidemic and helminth infection in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a need to understand the dynamics, impact to general health and the burden in the region. This paper provide in a nutshell a systematic review and a quantitative summary of the work focusing on this relationship. A search was conducted to identify studies on malnutrition and HIV-helminth co-infection impact on immunity in Africa, using the search terms “malnutrition” and “HIV” and “HIV-helminth co-infection” and “Africa” or “malnutrition” and “HIV” or “HIV-helminth” limited to Africa. The search was also limited to human studies from the databases available on PubMed, and Google scholar. The database was searched with language, region and year restrictions (only articles in English and French and all publications from 1999 to 2013). The results showed that no study has been conducted on the intersections between malnutrition and HIV/helminth co-infection. So no article met criteria for potential inclusion and these focused on nutrition and HIV-helminth co-infection impact on immunity in Africa. There is no study conducted in Africa that investigated the immune aspect and the relationship between nutrition and HIV-helminth co-infection. The results of this review suggest insufficient data to determine whether malnutrition and HIV-helminth co-infection impact on immunity. There is strong recommendation to conduct such kind of studies in Africa where malnutrition and HIV-helminth co-infection are common.\</p\>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Monitoring the elimination of \textit{gambiense} human African trypanosomiasis in the historical focus of Bati\'{e}, South\textendashWest Burkina Faso},

author = {Charlie Franck Alfred Compaor\'{e} and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Lian Francesca Thomas and Laura Cristina Falzon and Mohamed Bamba and Hassane Sakande and Minay\'{e}gninrin Kon\'{e} and Dramane Kaba and Clarisse Bougouma and Ilboudo Adama and Ouedraogo Amathe and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem and Eric Maurice F\`{e}vre and Philippe B\"{u}scher and Veerle Lejon and Vincent Jamonneau},

url = {https://www.parasite-journal.org/10.1051/parasite/2022024},

doi = {10.1051/parasite/2022024},

issn = {1776-1042},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Parasite},

volume = {29},

pages = {25},

abstract = {\<p\> The World Health Organisation has targeted the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) as zero transmission by 2030. Continued surveillance needs to be in place for early detection of re-emergent cases. In this context, the performance of diagnostic tests and testing algorithms for detection of the re-emergence of \<italic\>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense\</italic\> HAT remains to be assessed. We carried out a door-to-door active medical survey for HAT in the historical focus of Bati\'{e}, South\textendashWest Burkina Faso. Screening was done using three rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Two laboratory tests (ELISA/ \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> and immune trypanolysis) and parasitological examination were performed on RDT positives only. In total, 5883 participants were screened, among which 842 (14%) tested positive in at least one RDT. Blood from 519 RDT positives was examined microscopically but no trypanosomes were observed. The HAT Sero- \<italic\>K\</italic\> -Set test showed the lowest specificity of 89%, while the specificities of SD Bioline HAT and rHAT Sero-Strip were 92% and 99%, respectively. The specificity of ELISA/ \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> and trypanolysis was 99% (98\textendash99%) and 100% (99\textendash100%), respectively. Our results suggest that \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> is no longer circulating in the study area and that zero transmission has probably been attained. While a least cost analysis is still required, our study showed that RDT preselection followed by trypanolysis may be a useful strategy for post-elimination surveillance in Burkina Faso. \</p\>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kuo2022-bm,

title = {Unveiling the Antibacterial Mechanism of Gold Nanoclusters via In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy},

author = {Jui-Chi Kuo and Shih-Hua Tan and Yu-Cheng Hsiao and Chinmaya Mutalik and Hui-Min Chen and Sibidou Yougbar\'{e} and Tsung-Rong Kuo},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06714},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {ACS Sustainable Chem Eng},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

pages = {464--471},

publisher = {American Chemical Society},

abstract = {Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with unique chemical and physical properties have been extensively demonstrated to be emerging nanoantibiotics for fighting bacterial infections. Understanding the antibacterial mechanisms of metal nanoclusters is important for evaluating their clinical applications as nanoantibiotics. To understand the antibacterial mechanism, gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were applied as an antibacterial agent for real-time observations of their interactions with bacteria by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this work, a surface ligand of glutathione-conjugated (GSH)-AuNCs was prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. Optical and structural characterizations validated the successful preparation of GSH-AuNCs. Bacterial growth curves of Acetobacter aceti revealed that the antibacterial activity of GSH-AuNCs increased with the weight concentration. The antibacterial activity of GSH-AuNCs was confirmed by the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by GSH-AuNCs in A. aceti. Furthermore, real-time observations of interactions between GSH-AuNCs and A. aceti were made using in situ liquid cell TEM. Based on the results of real-time observations, GSH-AuNCs first attached onto the bacterial membranes of A. aceti by physical adsorption and then penetrated into A. aceti by internalization. Eventually, the production of intracellular ROS induced by GSH-AuNCs caused destruction of the bacterial membranes, which led to the death of A. aceti. After the bacterial membranes had been destroyed, A. aceti eventually died.},

keywords = {antibacterial mechanism, in situ TEM, nanocluster, reactive oxygen species, real-time observation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Somda2022,

title = {Evaluation of antibody responses to tsetse fly saliva in domestic animals in the sleeping sickness endemic foci of Bonon and Sinfra, C\^{o}te d'Ivoire},

author = {Martin Bienvenu Somda and Martial Kassi N'Djetchi and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Emilie Dama and Soudah Boma and Fabrice Courtin and Anne Poinsignon and Zakaria Bengaly and Franck Remou\'{e} and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem and Bruno Bucheton and Vincent Jamonneau and Mathurin Koffi},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405939022000892},

doi = {10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100773},

issn = {24059390},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports},

volume = {34},

issue = {2},

pages = {100773},

address = {Switzerland},

abstract = {After intensive control efforts, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) was declared eliminated in C\^{o}te d'Ivoire as a public health problem in December 2020 and the current objective is to achieve the interruption of the transmission (zero cases). Reaching this objective could be hindered by the existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei (b.) gambiense. In the framework of a study led in 2013 to assess the role of domestic animals in the epidemiology of HAT in the two last active foci from C\^{o}te d'Ivoire (Bonon and Sinfra), plasmas were sampled from four species of domestic animals for parasitological (microscopic examination by the buffy coat technique (BCT)), serological (immune trypanolysis (TL)) and molecular (specific PCR: TBR for T. brucei s.l., TCF for T. congolense forest type, TVW for T. vivax and PCR for T. b. gambiense) testing. In order to improve the understanding of the involvement/role of these animals in the transmission of T. b. gambiense, we have quantified in this study the IgG response to whole saliva extracts of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in order to perform an association analysis between anti-saliva responses and the positivity of diagnostic tests. Cattle and pigs had significantly higher rates of anti-tsetse saliva responses compared to goats and sheep (p \< 0.01). In addition, the anti-tsetse saliva responses were strongly associated with the parasitology (BCT+), serology (TL+) and PCR (TBR+ and TCF+) results (p \< 0.001). These associations indicate a high level of contacts between the positive/infected animals and tsetse flies. Our findings suggest that protecting cattle and pigs against tsetse bites could have a significant impact in reducing transmission of both animal and human trypanosome species, and advocates for a "One health" approach to better control African trypanosomosis in C\^{o}te d'Ivoire.},

keywords = {Animal reservoirs, Biomarker of exposure, C\^{o}te d'Ivoire, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Tsetse fly},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rouamba2022,

title = {Prospective observational study to evaluate the clinical and biological safety profile of pyronaridine\textendashartesunate in a rural health district in Burkina Faso},

author = {Toussaint Rouamba and Paul Sondo and Isidore W. Yerbanga and Adelaide Compaore and Maminata Traore‐Coulibaly and Franck S. Hien and Nassirou A. Diande and Innocent Valea and Marc Christian Tahita and Rita Baiden and Fred Binka and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/prp2.987},

doi = {10.1002/prp2.987},

issn = {2052-1707},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-02-01},

journal = {Pharmacology Research \& Perspectives},

volume = {10},

issue = {4},

pages = {224-229},

abstract = {\<p\>The assessment in real‐life conditions of the safety and efficacy of new antimalarial drugs is of greatest interest. This study aimed to monitor and evaluate both clinical and biological safety of pyronaridine‐artesunate (PA) in real‐life conditions in Burkina Faso's health system. This was a single‐arm, open‐label study, where patients attending Nanoro health facilities with uncomplicated malaria were consented to be part of a cohort event monitoring (CEM). At inclusion (day‐0), PA was administered orally once a day for 3 days. Patients spontaneous reported any clinical adverse events (AEs) occurring within 28 days following the treatment. Additionally, the study focused on AEs of special interest (AESI), namely clinical signs related to hepatotoxicity and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). A nested subset of patients with blood sample collection at day‐0 and day‐7 were monitored to investigate the effect of PA on biochemistry parameters. From September 2017 to October 2018, 2786 patients were treated with PA. About 97.8% (2720/2786) of patients did not report any AE. The most commonly reported events were respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders (8.3 per 1000), infections and infestations (7.9 per 1000), and gastrointestinal disorders (7.2 per 1000). No clinical or biological hepatotoxicity event related to PA was reported during the follow‐up. Changes in biochemistry parameters remained within laboratory reference ranges. The study showed that PA is a well‐tolerated drug and should be considered as a good option by malaria control programs in countries where existing first‐line antimalarial drugs are continuously threatened by the emergence of drug resistance.\</p\>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boua2022,

title = {Genetic associations with carotid intima-media thickness link to atherosclerosis with sex-specific effects in sub-Saharan Africans},

author = {Palwende Romuald Boua and Jean-Tristan Brandenburg and Ananyo Choudhury and Hermann Sorgho and Engelbert A. Nonterah and Godfred Agongo and Gershim Asiki and Lisa Micklesfield and Solomon Choma and Francesc Xavier G\'{o}mez-Oliv\'{e} and Scott Hazelhurst and Halidou Tinto and Nigel J. Crowther and Christopher G. Mathew and Mich\`{e}le Ramsay},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28276-x},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-28276-x},

issn = {2041-1723},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-02-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

issue = {1},

pages = {855},

abstract = {\<p\> Atherosclerosis precedes the onset of clinical manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We used carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) to investigate genetic susceptibility to atherosclerosis in 7894 unrelated adults (3963 women, 3931 men; 40 to 60 years) resident in four sub-Saharan African countries. cIMT was measured by ultrasound and genotyping was performed on the H3Africa SNP Array. Two new African-specific genome-wide significant loci for mean-max cIMT, \<italic\>SIRPA\</italic\> (p = 4.7E-08), and \<italic\>FBXL17\</italic\> (p = 2.5E-08), were identified. Sex-stratified analysis revealed associations with one male-specific locus, \<italic\>SNX29\</italic\> (p = 6.3E-09), and two female-specific loci, \<italic\>LARP6\</italic\> (p = 2.4E-09) and \<italic\>PROK1\</italic\> (p = 1.0E-08). We replicate previous cIMT associations with different lead SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with SNPs primarily identified in European populations. Our study find significant enrichment for genes involved in oestrogen response from female-specific signals. The genes identified show biological relevance to atherosclerosis and/or CVDs, sex-differences and transferability of signals from non-African studies. \</p\>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sondo2022,

title = {Boosting the impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) through simultaneous screening and treatment of household members of children receiving SMC in Burkina Faso: a protocol for a randomized open label trial},

author = {Paul Sondo and Marc Christian Tahita and Hamidou Ilboudo and Toussaint Rouamba and Karim Derra and Gauthier Tougri and Florence Ou\'{e}draogo and B\'{e}atrice Marie Ad\'{e}la\"{i}de Konseibo and Eli Roamba and Sabina Dahlstr\"{o}m Otienoburu and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Kalynn Kennon and Kadija Ou\'{e}draogo and Wend-Timbe-Noma Arlette Ra\"{i}ssa Zongo and Fadima Yaya Bocoum and Kasia Stepniewska and Mehul Dhorda and Philippe J. Gu\'{e}rin and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13690-022-00800-x},

doi = {10.1186/s13690-022-00800-x},

issn = {2049-3258},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Public Health},

volume = {80},

issue = {1},

pages = {41},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health concern in sub-Sahara Africa. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is one of the most important preventive interventions. Despite its implementation, the burden of malaria is still very high in children under five years old in Burkina Faso, suggesting that the expected impact of this promising strategy might not be attained. Development of innovative strategies to improve the efficacy of these existing malaria control measures is essential. In such context, we postulate that screening and treatment of malaria in household members of children receiving SMC could greatly improve the impact of SMC intervention and reduce malaria transmission in endemic settings. METHODS This randomized superiority trial will be carried out in the Nanoro health district, Burkina Faso. The unit of randomisation will be the household and all eligible children from a household will be allocated to the same study group. Households with 3-59 months old children will be assigned to either (i) control group (SMC alone) or (ii) intervention (SMC+ screening of household members with standard Histidin Rich Protein Rapid Diagnostic Test (HRP2-RDT) and treatment if positive). The sample size will be 526 isolated households per arm, i.e., around 1052 children under SMC coverage and an expected 1315 household members. Included children will be followed-up for 24 months to fully cover two consecutive malaria transmission seasons and two SMC cycles. Children will be actively followed-up during the malaria transmission seasons while in the dry seasons the follow-up will be passive. CONCLUSION The study will respond to a major public health concern by providing evidence of the efficacy of an innovative strategy to boost the impact of SMC intervention.},

keywords = {Africa, Amodiaquine, Burkina Faso, Chemoprevention, Dihydro artemisinin Piperaquine, Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mduma2022,

title = {Etiology of severe invasive infections in young infants in rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa},

author = {Estomih Mduma and Tinto Halidou and Berenger Kabor\'{e} and Thomas Walongo and Palpouguini Lompo and Justine Museveni and Joshua Gidabayda and Jean Gratz and Godfrey Guga and Caroline Kimathi and Jie Liu and Paschal Mdoe and Robert Moshiro and Max Petzold and Jan Singlovic and Martine Guillerm and Melba F. Gomes and Eric R. Houpt and Christine M. Halleux},

editor = {Eleni Magira},

url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264322},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0264322},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {PLOS ONE},

volume = {17},

issue = {2},

pages = {e0264322},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Serious invasive infections in newborns are a major cause of death. Lack of data on etiological causes hampers progress towards reduction of mortality. This study aimed to identify pathogens responsible for such infections in young infants in sub-Saharan Africa and to describe their antibiotics resistance profile. METHODS Between September 2016 and April 2018 we implemented an observational study in two rural sites in Burkina Faso and Tanzania enrolling young infants aged 0-59 days old with serious invasive infection. Blood samples underwent blood culture and molecular biology. RESULTS In total 634 infants with clinical diagnosis of serious invasive infection were enrolled and 4.2% of the infants had a positive blood culture. The most frequent pathogens identified by blood culture were Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Escherichia coli. Gram-negative isolates were only partially susceptible to first line WHO recommended treatment for neonatal sepsis at community level. A total of 18.6% of the infants were PCR positive for at least one pathogen and Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common bacteria detected. Among infants enrolled, 60/634 (9.5%) died. Positive blood culture but not positive PCR was associated with risk of death. For most deaths, no pathogen was identified either by blood culture or molecular testing, and hence a causal agent remained unclear. Mortality was associated with low body temperature, tachycardia, respiratory symptoms, convulsions, history of difficult feeding, movement only when stimulated or reduced level of consciousness, diarrhea and/or vomiting. CONCLUSION While Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Escherichia coli were pathogens most frequently identified in infants with clinical suspicion of serious invasive infections, most cases remain without definite diagnosis, making more accurate diagnostic tools urgently needed. Antibiotics resistance to first line antibiotics is an increasing challenge even in rural Africa.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Martens2022,

title = {Nasopharyngeal colonisation dynamics of bacterial pathogens in patients with fever in rural Burkina Faso: an observational study},

author = {Liesbeth Martens and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Annelies Post and Christa E. Gaast-de Jongh and Jeroen D. Langereis and Halidou Tinto and Jan Jacobs and Andr\'{e} J. Ven and Quirijn Mast and Marien I. Jonge},

doi = {10.1186/s12879-021-06996-7},

issn = {14712334},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {BMC Infectious Diseases},

volume = {22},

issue = {1},

pages = {15},

abstract = {Background: Nasopharyngeal colonisation with clinically relevant bacterial pathogens is a risk factor for severe infections, such as pneumonia and bacteraemia. In this study, we investigated the determinants of nasopharyngeal carriage in febrile patients in rural Burkina Faso. Methods: From March 2016 to June 2017, we recruited 924 paediatric and adult patients presenting with fever, hypothermia or suspicion of severe infection to the Centre Medical avec Antenne Chirurgicale Saint Camille de Nanoro, Burkina Faso. We recorded a broad range of clinical data, collected nasopharyngeal swabs and tested them for the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Using logistic regression, we investigated the determinants of carriage and aimed to find correlations with clinical outcome. Results: Nasopharyngeal colonisation with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis was highly prevalent and strongly dependent on age and season. Females were less likely to be colonised with S. pneumoniae (OR 0.71},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Grant2022,

title = {Impact of seasonal RTS,S/AS01E vaccination plus seasonal malaria chemoprevention on the nutritional status of children in Burkina Faso and Mali},

author = {Jane Grant and Issaka Sagara and Issaka Zongo and Matthew Cairns and Rakiswend\'{e} Serge Yerbanga and Modibo Diarra and Charles Zoungrana and Djibrilla Issiaka and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Niki\`{e}ma and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Sompougdou and Amadou Tapily and Mahamadou Kaya and Alassane Haro and Koualy Sanogo and Abdoul Aziz Sienou and Seydou Traore and Ismaila Thera and Hama Yalcouye and Irene Kuepfer and Paul Snell and Paul Milligan and Christian Ockenhouse and Opokua Ofori-Anyinam and Halidou Tinto and Abdoulaye Djimde and Daniel Chandramohan and Brian Greenwood and Alassane Dicko and Jean-Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo},

url = {https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-022-04077-x},

doi = {10.1186/s12936-022-04077-x},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-02-01},

journal = {Malaria Journal},

volume = {21},

issue = {1},

pages = {59},

abstract = {Background: A recent trial in Burkina Faso and Mali showed that combining seasonal RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccination with seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) substantially reduced the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria in young children compared to either intervention alone. Given the possible negative effect of malaria on nutrition, the study investigated whether these children also experienced lower prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition. Methods: In Burkina Faso and Mali 5920 children were randomized to receive either SMC alone, RTS,S/AS01E alone, or SMC combined with RTS,S/AS01E for three malaria transmission seasons (2017\textendash2019). After each transmission season, anthropometric measurements were collected from all study children at a cross-sectional survey and used to derive nutritional status indicators, including the binary variables wasted and stunted (weight-for-height and height-for-age z-scores below − 2, respectively). Binary and continuous outcomes between treatment groups were compared by Poisson and linear regression. Results: In 2017, compared to SMC alone, the combined intervention reduced the prevalence of wasting by approximately 12% [prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.88 (95% CI 0.75, 1.03)], and approximately 21% in 2018 [PR = 0.79 (95% CI 0.62, 1.01)]. Point estimates were similar for comparisons with RTS,S/AS01E, but there was stronger evidence of a difference. There was at least a 30% reduction in the point estimates for the prevalence of severe wasting in the combined group compared to the other two groups in 2017 and 2018. There was no difference in the prevalence of moderate or severe wasting between the groups in 2019. The prevalence of stunting, low-MUAC-for-age or being underweight did not differ between groups for any of the three years. The prevalence of severe stunting was higher in the combined group compared to both other groups in 2018, and compared to RTS,S/AS01E alone in 2017; this observation does not have an obvious explanation and may be a chance finding. Overall, malnutrition was very common in this cohort, but declined over the study as the children became older. Conclusions: Despite a high burden of malnutrition and malaria in the study populations, and a major reduction in the incidence of malaria in children receiving both interventions, this had only a modest impact on nutritional status. Therefore, other interventions are needed to reduce the high burden of malnutrition in these areas. Trial registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03143218, registered 8th May 2017.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Somda2022a,

title = {PERCEPTIONS ET PRATIQUES DE GESTION DE LA MALADIE DU SOMMEIL DES COMMUNAUTES VIVANT A PROXIMITE DES SITES AURIFERES AU SUD-OUEST DU BURKINA FASO},

author = {Martin Somda and M\'{e}dina Karambiri and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Emilie Dama and Compaor\'{e} Alfred and Ernest Salou and Hamidou Ilboudo and Idriss Gali-Gali and S\`{e}ss\'{e}ya Soha and Zakaria Bengaly and Adrien Belem and Der Dabire},

doi = {10.37118/ijdr.23859.01.2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Development Research},

volume = {12},

pages = {53422-53427},

abstract = {Une prospection m\'{e}dicale r\'{e}cente sur la trypanosomose humaine africaine (THA) dans des sites d'orpaillage au Sud-Ouest du Burkina Faso, a mis en \'{e}vidence la pr\'{e}sence de mouches ts\'{e}-ts\'{e} infect\'{e}es et des populations venant de la C\^{o}te d'Ivoire et de la Guin\'{e}e, les deux pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest les plus affect\'{e}s par cette maladie. Cet \'{e}tat de fait, montre un risque de r\'{e}\'{e}mergence de cette maladie. L'objectif de cette \'{e}tude \'{e}tait de recueillir les perceptions des populations vivant \`{a} proximit\'{e} de ces sites d'orpaillage du Sud-Ouest du Burkina Faso afin de proposer des strat\'{e}gies pour minimiser ce risque de r\'{e}\'{e}mergence de la THA. Pour ce faire une enqu\^{e}te sur les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques (CAP) a \'{e}t\'{e} r\'{e}alis\'{e}e en entretien semi-structur\'{e} aupr\`{e}s des personnes ressources, suivie des enqu\^{e}tes CAP individuelles ciblant les orpailleurs dans la zone d'\'{e}tude. Les r\'{e}sultats ont montr\'{e} que les 29 personnes ressources sont peu inform\'{e}es sur la THA. Ce r\'{e}sultat a \'{e}t\'{e} confirm\'{e} par les CAP individuelles aupr\`{e}s des 130 orpailleurs enqu\^{e}t\'{e}s qui sont peu inform\'{e}s sur la THA : 87,69% sur ses modes de transmission, 78,46% sur ses sympt\^{o}mes et 100% sur les strat\'{e}gies appropri\'{e}es de gestion. A l'issue de cette \'{e}tude, des recommandations ont \'{e}t\'{e} faites.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bognini2022,

title = {What are the trends in seeking health care for fever in children under-five in Sierra Leone? evidence from four population-based studies before and after the free health care initiative},

author = {Joel Dofinissery Bognini and Sekou Samadoulougou and Mady Ouedraogo and Francis Smart and David Tiga Kankoye and Osman Sankoh and Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou},

editor = {Mary Hamer Hodges},

url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263364},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0263364},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {PLOS ONE},

volume = {17},

issue = {2},

pages = {e0263364},

abstract = {Background In 2010, the government of Sierra Leone implemented the Free Health Care Initiative (FHCI) in the country with the objective of reducing the high maternal, infant, and child mortality rates and improving general health indicators. The objective of this study was to assess the trends in the prevalence of health care-seeking and to identify the determinants of healthcare service utilization by caregivers of children younger than five years. Methods The analysis of health-care-seeking behavior was done using data from four populationbased surveys in Sierra Leone before (2008) and after (2013, 2016, 2019) the FHCI was implemented. Care-seeking behavior was assessed with regard to caregivers seeking care for children under-five in the two weeks prior to each survey. We compared the percentages of healthcare-seeking behavior change and identify factors associated with healthcareseeking using a modified Poisson regression model with generalized estimating equations. Results In 2008, a total of 1208 children with fever were recorded, compared with 2823 children in 2013, 1633 in 2016, and 1464 in 2019. Care-seeking for children with fever was lowest in 2008 (51%; 95% CI (46.4-55.5)) than in 2013 (71.5%; 95% CI (68.4-74.5)), 2016 (70.3%; 95% CI (66.6-73.8)), and 2019 (74.6%; 95% CI (71.6-77.3)) (p \< 0.001). Care-seeking in 2013, 2016 and 2019 was at least 1.4 time higher than in 2008 (p \< 0.001) after adjusting for mother's age, wealth, religion, education level, household head and the child's age. Careseeking was lowest for children older than 12 months, mothers older than 35 years, children living in the poorest households, and in the northern region. A trend was observed for the sex of the household head. The level of care-seeking was lowest when the household head was a man. Conclusions The increase in healthcare-seeking for children under-five with fever followed the introduction of the FHCI in Sierra Leone. Care-seeking for fever varied by the child's age, caregiver's age, household wealth, the sex of the household head and region. Maintaining the FHCI with adequate strategies to address other barriers beyond financial ones is essential to reduce disparities between age groups, regions and, households.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mansoor2022,

title = {Haematological consequences of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network pooled analysis of individual patient data},

author = {Rashid Mansoor and Robert J. Commons and Nicholas M. Douglas and Benjamin Abuaku and Jane Achan and Ishag Adam and George O. Adjei and Martin Adjuik and Bereket H. Alemayehu and Richard Allan and Elizabeth N. Allen and Anupkumar R. Anvikar and Emmanuel Arinaitwe and Elizabeth A. Ashley and Hazel Ashurst and Puji B. S. Asih and Nathan Bakyaita and Hubert Barennes and Karen I. Barnes and Leonardo Basco and Quique Bassat and Elisabeth Baudin and David J Bell and Delia Bethell and Anders Bjorkman and Caroline Boulton and Teun Bousema and Philippe Brasseur and Hasifa Bukirwa and Rebekah Burrow and Verena I. Carrara and Michel Cot and Umberto D’Alessandro and Debashish Das and Sabyasachi Das and Timothy M. E. Davis and Meghna Desai and Abdoulaye A. Djimde and Arjen M. Dondorp and Grant Dorsey and Chris J. Drakeley and Stephan Duparc and Emmanuelle Espi\'{e} and Jean-Francois Etard and Catherine Falade and Jean Francois Faucher and Scott Filler and Carole Fogg and Mark Fukuda and Oumar Gaye and Blaise Genton and Awab Ghulam Rahim and Julius Gilayeneh and Raquel Gonzalez and Rebecca F. Grais and Francesco Grandesso and Brian Greenwood and Anastasia Grivoyannis and Christoph Hatz and Eva Maria Hodel and Georgina S. Humphreys and Jimee Hwang and Deus Ishengoma and Elizabeth Juma and S. Patrick Kachur and Piet A. Kager and Erasmus Kamugisha and Moses R. Kamya and Corine Karema and Kassoum Kayentao and Adama Kazienga and Jean-Ren\'{e} Kiechel and Poul-Erik Kofoed and Kwadwo Koram and Peter G. Kremsner and David G. Lalloo and Moses Laman and Sue J. Lee and Bertrand Lell and Amelia W. Maiga and Andreas Mr{a}rtensson and Mayfong Mayxay and Wilfred Mbacham and Rose McGready and Herv\'{e} Menan and Didier M\'{e}nard and Frank Mockenhaupt and Brioni R. Moore and Olaf M\"{u}ller and Alain Nahum and Jean-Louis Ndiaye and Paul N. Newton and Billy E. Ngasala and Frederic Nikiema and Akindeh M. Nji and Harald Noedl and Francois Nosten and Bernhards R. Ogutu and Olusola Ojurongbe and Lyda Osorio and Jean-Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo and Seth Owusu-Agyei and Anil Pareek and Louis K. Penali and Patrice Piola and Mateusz Plucinski and Zul Premji and Michael Ramharter and Caitlin L. Richmond and Lars Rombo and Cally Roper and Philip J. Rosenthal and Sam Salman and Albert Same-Ekobo and Carol Sibley and Sodiomon B. Sirima and Frank M. Smithuis and Fabrice A. Som\'{e} and Sarah G. Staedke and Peter Starzengruber and Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft and Inge Sutanto and Todd D. Swarthout and Din Syafruddin and Ambrose O. Talisuna and Walter R. Taylor and Emmanuel A. Temu and Julie I. Thwing and Halidou Tinto and Emiliana Tjitra and Offianan A. Tour\'{e} and T. Hien Tran and Johan Ursing and Innocent Valea and Giovanni Valentini and Michele Vugt and Lorenz Seidlein and Stephen A. Ward and Vincent Were and Nicholas J. White and Charles J. Woodrow and William Yavo and Adoke Yeka and Issaka Zongo and Julie A. Simpson and Philippe J. Guerin and Kasia Stepniewska and Ric N. Price},

url = {https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-022-02265-9},

doi = {10.1186/s12916-022-02265-9},

issn = {1741-7015},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {BMC Medicine},

volume = {20},

issue = {1},

pages = {85},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with anaemia-related morbidity, attributable to host, parasite and drug factors. We quantified the haematological response following treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria to identify the factors associated with malarial anaemia. METHODS Individual patient data from eligible antimalarial efficacy studies of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, available through the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network data repository prior to August 2015, were pooled using standardised methodology. The haematological response over time was quantified using a multivariable linear mixed effects model with nonlinear terms for time, and the model was then used to estimate the mean haemoglobin at day of nadir and day 7. Multivariable logistic regression quantified risk factors for moderately severe anaemia (haemoglobin \< 7 g/dL) at day 0, day 3 and day 7 as well as a fractional fall ≥ 25% at day 3 and day 7. RESULTS A total of 70,226 patients, recruited into 200 studies between 1991 and 2013, were included in the analysis: 50,859 (72.4%) enrolled in Africa, 18,451 (26.3%) in Asia and 916 (1.3%) in South America. The median haemoglobin concentration at presentation was 9.9 g/dL (range 5.0-19.7 g/dL) in Africa, 11.6 g/dL (range 5.0-20.0 g/dL) in Asia and 12.3 g/dL (range 6.9-17.9 g/dL) in South America. Moderately severe anaemia (Hb \< 7g/dl) was present in 8.4% (4284/50,859) of patients from Africa, 3.3% (606/18,451) from Asia and 0.1% (1/916) from South America. The nadir haemoglobin occurred on day 2 post treatment with a mean fall from baseline of 0.57 g/dL in Africa and 1.13 g/dL in Asia. Independent risk factors for moderately severe anaemia on day 7, in both Africa and Asia, included moderately severe anaemia at baseline (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 16.10 and AOR = 23.00, respectively), young age (age \< 1 compared to ≥ 12 years AOR = 12.81 and AOR = 6.79, respectively), high parasitaemia (AOR = 1.78 and AOR = 1.58, respectively) and delayed parasite clearance (AOR = 2.44 and AOR = 2.59, respectively). In Asia, patients treated with an artemisinin-based regimen were at significantly greater risk of moderately severe anaemia on day 7 compared to those treated with a non-artemisinin-based regimen (AOR = 2.06 [95%CI 1.39-3.05], p \< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, the nadir haemoglobin occurs 2 days after starting treatment. Although artemisinin-based treatments increase the rate of parasite clearance, in Asia they are associated with a greater risk of anaemia during recovery.},

keywords = {Antimalarials, Artemisinin-based therapy, Haemoglobin, Non-artemisinin-based therapy, Plasmodium falciparum, Pooled analysis of individual patient data, Severe anaemia},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lingani2022,

title = {Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among first antenatal care attendees in rural Burkina Faso},

author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge H. Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Ma\"{i}mouna Sanou and Serge Ouoba and S\'{e}kou Samadoulougou and Annie Robert and Halidou Tinto and Mich\`{e}le Dramaix and Philippe Donnen},

url = {https://tropmedhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41182-022-00442-3},

doi = {10.1186/s41182-022-00442-3},

issn = {1349-4147},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Tropical Medicine and Health},

volume = {50},

issue = {1},

pages = {49},

abstract = {BACKGROUND The WHO recommends continuous surveillance of malaria in endemic countries to identify areas and populations most in need for targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malaria and its associated factors among first antenatal care (ANC) attendees in rural Burkina Faso. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2019 and September 2020 at the Yako health district and included 1067 first ANC attendees. Sociodemographic, gyneco-obstetric, and medical characteristics were collected. Malaria was diagnosed by standard microscopy and hemoglobin level was measured by spectrophotometry. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with malaria infection. RESULTS Overall malaria infection prevalence was 16.1% (167/1039). Among malaria-positive women, the geometric mean parasite density was 1204 [95% confidence interval (CI) 934-1552] parasites/µL and the proportion of very low (1-199 parasites/µL), low (200-999 parasites/µL), medium (1000-9999 parasites/µL) and high (≥ 10,000 parasites/µL) parasite densities were 15.0%, 35.3%, 38.3% and 11.4%, respectively. Age \< 20 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.2; 95% CI 1.4-3.5), anemia (hemoglobin \< 11 g/deciliter) (aOR: 3.4; 95% CI 2.2-5.5), the non-use of bed net (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and the absence of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (aOR: 5.8; 95% CI 2.1-24.5) were positively associated with malaria infection. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that one out of six pregnant women had a microscopy-detected P. falciparum malaria infection at their first ANC visit. Strengthening malaria prevention strategies during the first ANC visit is needed to prevent unfavorable birth outcomes.},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, First antenatal care visit, Malaria, Pregnancy},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Valia2022,

title = {Use of WATCH antibiotics prior to presentation to the hospital in rural Burkina Faso},

author = {Daniel Valia and Brecht Ingelbeen and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Ibrahima Karama and Marjan Peeters and Palpouguini Lompo and Erika Vlieghe and Annelies Post and Janneke Cox and Quirijn Mast and Annie Robert and Marianne A. B. Sande and Hector Rodriguez Villalobos and Andre Ven and Halidou Tinto and Jan Jacobs},

url = {https://aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13756-022-01098-8},

doi = {10.1186/s13756-022-01098-8},

issn = {2047-2994},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Antimicrobial Resistance \& Infection Control},

volume = {11},

issue = {1},

pages = {59},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: In low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing. To control AMR, WHO recommends monitoring  antibiotic use, in particular Watch antibiotics. These are critically important  antibiotics, with restricted use because at risk of becoming ineffective due to  increasing AMR. We investigated pre-hospital antibiotic use in rural Burkina  Faso. METHODS: During 2016-2017, we collected data from patients aged \> 3 months  presenting with severe acute fever to the rural hospital of Nanoro Health  District, Burkina Faso, including antibiotic use in the two weeks prior to  consultation or hospitalization. We analysed reported antibiotic use by applying  the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve classification. RESULTS: Of 920 febrile  participants (63.0% ≤ 14 years), pre-hospital antibiotic use was reported by 363  (39.5%). Among these 363, microbiological diagnoses were available for 275  (75.8%) patients, of whom 162 (58.9%) were non-bacterial infections. Use of more  than one antibiotic was reported by 58/363 (16.0%) participants. Of 491  self-referred patients who did not previously visit a primary health care center,  131 (26.7%) reported antibiotic use. Of 424 antibiotics reported, 265 (62.5%)  were Access and 159 (37.5%) Watch antibiotics. Watch antibiotic use was more  frequent among patients \> 14 year olds (51.1%) compared to those 0-14 year old  (30.7%, p \< 0.001) and among referrals from the primary health care centers  (42.2%) compared to self-referred patients (28.1%, p = 0.004). Most frequently  reported Watch antibiotics were ceftriaxone (114, 71.7%) and ciprofloxacin (32,  20.1%). CONCLUSION: The reported frequent use of Watch group antibiotics among  febrile patients prior to presentation to the hospital in rural Burkina Faso  highlights the need to develop targeted interventions to improve antibiotic use  in community settings as part of strengthening antibiotic stewardship in low- and  middle-income countries. This should include facilitating referral, access to  qualified prescribers and diagnostic tools in rural primary health care centers.  Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02669823. Registration date  was February 1, 2016.},

keywords = {Antimicrobial resistance, AWaRe, Burkina Faso, Community antibiotic use},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nonterah2022,

title = {Carotid Atherosclerosis, Microalbuminuria, and Estimated 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Sub-Saharan Africa},

author = {Engelbert A. Nonterah and Daniel Boateng and Nigel J. Crowther and Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch and Abraham R. Oduro and Godfred Agongo and Shukri F. Mohamed and Palwend\'{e} R. Boua and Solomon S. R. Choma and Shane A. Norris and Stephen M. Tollman and Michiel L. Bots and Mich\`{e}le Ramsay and Diederick Grobbee},

url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2791534},

doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7559},

issn = {2574-3805},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {JAMA Network Open},

volume = {5},

issue = {4},

pages = {e227559},

abstract = {Importance: Carotid atherosclerosis and microalbuminuria are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) but are understudied in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To evaluate the association of carotid atherosclerosis and microalbuminuria with 10-year ASCVD risk in middle-aged sub-Saharan African individuals. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study conducted analyses of baseline data from the African-Wits-INDEPTH (International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries) genomic study (AWI-Gen). Women and men aged 40 to 60 years without baseline CVD and drawn from Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa were included. Main Outcomes and Measures: Hypotheses for the analyses were formulated after data collection. The main exposures were carotid atherosclerosis, assessed using carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) using B-mode ultrasonography, and microalbuminuria, measured using spot urine albumin (SUA) and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR). The main outcome was high ASCVD risk, defined as a 2018 Pooled Cohort Equations score of 7.5% or greater. Associations were estimated using adjusted multivariable logistic regression analyses. Findings: A total of 9010 participants with a mean (SD) age of 50 (6) years and 4533 (50.3%) women were included. High CIMT, SUA, and uACR were each associated with older age (eg, mean [SD] age of participants with high vs reference range CIMT: 55 [5] years vs 50 [6] years; P \<.001) and high prevalence of both diabetes and hypertension (eg, hypertension among those with high vs reference range SUA: 213 of 1117 [19.1%] vs 356 of 2549 [14.0%]; P \<.001). Smokers were likely to have higher vs reference range SUA (210 [18.8%] vs 407 [16.0%]) and uACR (138 of 707 [19.5%] vs 456 of 2797 [16.3%]). Carotid atherosclerosis was common in Burkina Faso (82 of 262 [31.3%]) and Ghana (91 [34.7%]), while microalbuminuria, measured by SUA, was common in Kenya (272 [24.4%]) and South Africa (519 [46.5%]). SUA was associated with higher odds of carotid atherosclerosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% CI, 1.04-3.01) compared with uACR (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.95). Common CIMT, SUA, and uACR were associated with 10-year ASCVD risk, with CIMT having a stronger association with 10-year ASCVD risk in both women (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.78-2.14) and men (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.55-1.93) than SUA (women: OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12-1.43; men: OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.26-1.55) and uACR (women: OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10-1.54; men: OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.15-1.46). Conclusions and Relevance: The presence of microalbuminuria measured by SUA may indicate risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and high 10-year ASCVD risk in middle-aged residents of sub-Saharan Africa. These data should be confirmed in longitudinal studies of cardiovascular events.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Monitoring the elimination of \textit{gambiense} human African trypanosomiasis in the historical focus of Bati\'{e}, South\textendashWest Burkina Faso},

author = {Charlie Franck Alfred Compaor\'{e} and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Lian Francesca Thomas and Laura Cristina Falzon and Mohamed Bamba and Hassane Sakande and Minay\'{e}gninrin Kon\'{e} and Dramane Kaba and Clarisse Bougouma and Ilboudo Adama and Ouedraogo Amathe and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem and Eric Maurice F\`{e}vre and Philippe B\"{u}scher and Veerle Lejon and Vincent Jamonneau},

url = {https://www.parasite-journal.org/10.1051/parasite/2022024},

doi = {10.1051/parasite/2022024},

issn = {1776-1042},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Parasite},

volume = {29},

pages = {25},

abstract = {\<p\> The World Health Organisation has targeted the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) as zero transmission by 2030. Continued surveillance needs to be in place for early detection of re-emergent cases. In this context, the performance of diagnostic tests and testing algorithms for detection of the re-emergence of \<italic\>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense\</italic\> HAT remains to be assessed. We carried out a door-to-door active medical survey for HAT in the historical focus of Bati\'{e}, South\textendashWest Burkina Faso. Screening was done using three rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Two laboratory tests (ELISA/ \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> and immune trypanolysis) and parasitological examination were performed on RDT positives only. In total, 5883 participants were screened, among which 842 (14%) tested positive in at least one RDT. Blood from 519 RDT positives was examined microscopically but no trypanosomes were observed. The HAT Sero- \<italic\>K\</italic\> -Set test showed the lowest specificity of 89%, while the specificities of SD Bioline HAT and rHAT Sero-Strip were 92% and 99%, respectively. The specificity of ELISA/ \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> and trypanolysis was 99% (98\textendash99%) and 100% (99\textendash100%), respectively. Our results suggest that \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> is no longer circulating in the study area and that zero transmission has probably been attained. While a least cost analysis is still required, our study showed that RDT preselection followed by trypanolysis may be a useful strategy for post-elimination surveillance in Burkina Faso. \</p\>},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, Diagnosis, Dried blood spot, Elimination, Human African trypanosomiasis, Rapid diagnostic test, Specificity, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Choudhury2022,

title = {Meta-analysis of sub-Saharan African studies provides insights into genetic architecture of lipid traits},

author = {Ananyo Choudhury and Jean-Tristan Brandenburg and Tinashe Chikowore and Dhriti Sengupta and Palwende Romuald Boua and Nigel J. Crowther and Godfred Agongo and Gershim Asiki and F. Xavier G\'{o}mez-Oliv\'{e} and Isaac Kisiangani and Eric Maimela and Matshane Masemola-Maphutha and Lisa K. Micklesfield and Engelbert A. Nonterah and Shane A. Norris and Hermann Sorgho and Halidou Tinto and Stephen Tollman and Sarah E. Graham and Cristen J. Willer and Scott Hazelhurst and Mich\`{e}le Ramsay},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-30098-w},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-30098-w},

issn = {2041-1723},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

issue = {1},

pages = {2578},

abstract = {\<p\> Genetic associations for lipid traits have identified hundreds of variants with clear differences across European, Asian and African studies. Based on a sub-Saharan-African GWAS for lipid traits in the population cross-sectional AWI-Gen cohort ( \<italic\>N\</italic\> = 10,603) we report a novel LDL-C association in the \<italic\>GATB\</italic\> region ( \<italic\>P\</italic\> -value=1.56 × 10 ^{−8} ). Meta-analysis with four other African cohorts ( \<italic\>N\</italic\> = 23,718) provides supporting evidence for the LDL-C association with the \<italic\>GATB/FHIP1A\</italic\> region and identifies a novel triglyceride association signal close to the \<italic\>FHIT\</italic\> gene ( \<italic\>P\</italic\> -value =2.66 × 10 ^{−8} ). Our data enable fine-mapping of several well-known lipid-trait loci including \<italic\>LDLR, PMFBP1\</italic\> and \<italic\>LPA\</italic\> . The transferability of signals detected in two large global studies (GLGC and PAGE) consistently improves with an increase in the size of the African replication cohort. Polygenic risk score analysis shows increased predictive accuracy for LDL-C levels with the narrowing of genetic distance between the discovery dataset and our cohort. Novel discovery is enhanced with the inclusion of African data. \</p\>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}