2021
|
Journal Articles
|
 | Barkissa Mélika Traoré, Mathurin Koffi, Martial Kassi N’Djetchi, Dramane Kaba, Jacques Kaboré, Hamidou Ilboudo, Bernadin Ahouty Ahouty, Minayégninrin Koné, Bamoro Coulibaly, Thomas Konan, Adeline Segard, Lingué Kouakou, Thierry De Meeûs, Sophie Ravel, Philippe Solano, Jean-Mathieu Bart, Vincent Jamonneau Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of Côte d’Ivoire. (Journal Article) In: PLoS neglected tropical diseases, vol. 15, iss. 12, pp. e0010036, 2021, ISSN: 1935-2735 1935-2727. @article{nokey,
title = {Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of C\^{o}te d'Ivoire.},
author = {Barkissa M\'{e}lika Traor\'{e} and Mathurin Koffi and Martial Kassi N'Djetchi and Dramane Kaba and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Bernadin Ahouty Ahouty and Minay\'{e}gninrin Kon\'{e} and Bamoro Coulibaly and Thomas Konan and Adeline Segard and Lingu\'{e} Kouakou and Thierry De Mee\^{u}s and Sophie Ravel and Philippe Solano and Jean-Mathieu Bart and Vincent Jamonneau},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0010036},
issn = {1935-2735 1935-2727},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-01},
urldate = {2021-12-01},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {15},
issue = {12},
pages = {e0010036},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense), the agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), may compromise the interruption of transmission targeted by World Health Organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of trypanosomes in pigs and people in the Vavoua HAT historical focus where cases were still diagnosed in the early 2010's. METHODS: For the human survey, we used the CATT, mini-anion exchange centrifugation technique and immune trypanolysis tests. For the animal survey, the buffy coat technique was also used as well as the PCR using Trypanosoma species specific, including the T. b. gambiense TgsGP detection using single round and nested PCRs, performed from animal blood samples and from strains isolated from subjects positive for parasitological investigations. RESULTS: No HAT cases were detected among 345 people tested. A total of 167 pigs were investigated. Free-ranging pigs appeared significantly more infected than pigs in pen. Over 70% of free-ranging pigs were positive for CATT and parasitological investigations and 27-43% were positive to trypanolysis depending on the antigen used. T. brucei was the most prevalent species (57%) followed by T. congolense (24%). Blood sample extracted DNA of T. brucei positive subjects were negative to single round TgsGP PCR. However, 1/22 and 6/22 isolated strains were positive with single round and nested TgsGP PCRs, respectively. DISCUSSION: Free-ranging pigs were identified as a multi-reservoir of T. brucei and/or T. congolense with mixed infections of different strains. This trypanosome diversity hinders the easy and direct detection of T. b. gambiense. We highlight the lack of tools to prove or exclude with certainty the presence of T. b. gambiense. This study once more highlights the need of technical improvements to explore the role of animals in the epidemiology of HAT.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: The existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense), the agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), may compromise the interruption of transmission targeted by World Health Organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of trypanosomes in pigs and people in the Vavoua HAT historical focus where cases were still diagnosed in the early 2010’s. METHODS: For the human survey, we used the CATT, mini-anion exchange centrifugation technique and immune trypanolysis tests. For the animal survey, the buffy coat technique was also used as well as the PCR using Trypanosoma species specific, including the T. b. gambiense TgsGP detection using single round and nested PCRs, performed from animal blood samples and from strains isolated from subjects positive for parasitological investigations. RESULTS: No HAT cases were detected among 345 people tested. A total of 167 pigs were investigated. Free-ranging pigs appeared significantly more infected than pigs in pen. Over 70% of free-ranging pigs were positive for CATT and parasitological investigations and 27-43% were positive to trypanolysis depending on the antigen used. T. brucei was the most prevalent species (57%) followed by T. congolense (24%). Blood sample extracted DNA of T. brucei positive subjects were negative to single round TgsGP PCR. However, 1/22 and 6/22 isolated strains were positive with single round and nested TgsGP PCRs, respectively. DISCUSSION: Free-ranging pigs were identified as a multi-reservoir of T. brucei and/or T. congolense with mixed infections of different strains. This trypanosome diversity hinders the easy and direct detection of T. b. gambiense. We highlight the lack of tools to prove or exclude with certainty the presence of T. b. gambiense. This study once more highlights the need of technical improvements to explore the role of animals in the epidemiology of HAT. |
 | Moussa Lingani, Serge H Zango, Innocent Valéa, Massa Dit A Bonko, Sékou O Samadoulougou, Toussaint Rouamba, Marc C Tahita, Ma"imouna Sanou, Annie Robert, Halidou Tinto, Philippe Donnen, Mich`ele Dramaix Malaria and curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Trop. Med. Health, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 90, 2021, ISSN: 1348-8945 1349-4147, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34736524
PMCID: PMC8567650). @article{Lingani2021-is,
title = {Malaria and curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso},
author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge H Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Massa Dit A Bonko and S\'{e}kou O Samadoulougou and Toussaint Rouamba and Marc C Tahita and Ma"imouna Sanou and Annie Robert and Halidou Tinto and Philippe Donnen and Mich`ele Dramaix},
doi = {10.1186/s41182-021-00381-5},
issn = {1348-8945 1349-4147},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-01},
urldate = {2021-11-01},
journal = {Trop. Med. Health},
volume = {49},
number = {1},
pages = {90},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria and sexually transmitted/reproductive tract
infections (STI/RTI) are leading and preventable causes of low
birthweight in sub-Saharan Africa. Reducing their impact on
pregnancy outcomes requires efficient interventions that can be
easily integrated into the antenatal care package. The paucity
of data on malaria and STI/RTI coinfection, however, limits
efforts to control these infections. This study aimed to
determine the prevalence and associated factors of malaria and
STI/RTI coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 402
pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the Yako health
district. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected,
and pregnant women were tested for peripheral malaria by
microscopy. Hemoglobin levels were also measured by
spectrophotometry and curable bacterial STI/RTI were tested on
cervico-vaginal swabs using rapid diagnostic test for chlamydia
and syphilis, and Gram staining for bacterial vaginosis. A
multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the
association of malaria and STI/RTI coinfection with the
characteristics of included pregnant women. RESULTS: The
prevalence of malaria and at least one STI/RTI coinfection was
12.9% (95% confidence interval, CI: [9.8-16.7]), malaria and
bacterial vaginosis coinfection was 12.2% (95% CI:
[9.3-15.9]), malaria and chlamydial coinfection was 1.6% (95%
CI: [0.6-3.8]). No coinfection was reported for malaria and
syphilis. The individual prevalence was 17.2%, 7.2%, 0.6%,
67.7% and 73.3%, respectively, for malaria infection,
chlamydia, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis and STI/RTI
combination. Only 10% of coinfections were symptomatic, and
thus, 90% of women with coinfection would have been missed by
the symptoms-based diagnostic approach. In the multivariate analysis, the first pregnancy (aOR = 2.4 [95% CI: 1.2-4.7]) was
the only factor significantly associated with malaria and
STI/RTI coinfection. Clinical symptoms were not associated with
malaria and STI/RTI coinfection. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of
malaria and curable STI/RTI coinfection was high among pregnant
women. The poor performance of the clinical symptoms to predict
coinfection suggests that alternative interventions are needed.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34736524
PMCID: PMC8567650},
keywords = {Bacterial vaginosis, Burkina Faso, Chlamydia, Coinfection, Malaria, Pregnancy, Syphilis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Malaria and sexually transmitted/reproductive tract
infections (STI/RTI) are leading and preventable causes of low
birthweight in sub-Saharan Africa. Reducing their impact on
pregnancy outcomes requires efficient interventions that can be
easily integrated into the antenatal care package. The paucity
of data on malaria and STI/RTI coinfection, however, limits
efforts to control these infections. This study aimed to
determine the prevalence and associated factors of malaria and
STI/RTI coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 402
pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the Yako health
district. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected,
and pregnant women were tested for peripheral malaria by
microscopy. Hemoglobin levels were also measured by
spectrophotometry and curable bacterial STI/RTI were tested on
cervico-vaginal swabs using rapid diagnostic test for chlamydia
and syphilis, and Gram staining for bacterial vaginosis. A
multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the
association of malaria and STI/RTI coinfection with the
characteristics of included pregnant women. RESULTS: The
prevalence of malaria and at least one STI/RTI coinfection was
12.9% (95% confidence interval, CI: [9.8-16.7]), malaria and
bacterial vaginosis coinfection was 12.2% (95% CI:
[9.3-15.9]), malaria and chlamydial coinfection was 1.6% (95%
CI: [0.6-3.8]). No coinfection was reported for malaria and
syphilis. The individual prevalence was 17.2%, 7.2%, 0.6%,
67.7% and 73.3%, respectively, for malaria infection,
chlamydia, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis and STI/RTI
combination. Only 10% of coinfections were symptomatic, and
thus, 90% of women with coinfection would have been missed by
the symptoms-based diagnostic approach. In the multivariate analysis, the first pregnancy (aOR = 2.4 [95% CI: 1.2-4.7]) was
the only factor significantly associated with malaria and
STI/RTI coinfection. Clinical symptoms were not associated with
malaria and STI/RTI coinfection. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of
malaria and curable STI/RTI coinfection was high among pregnant
women. The poor performance of the clinical symptoms to predict
coinfection suggests that alternative interventions are needed. |
 | Serge Ouoba, Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwinde Ouedraogo, Moussa Lingani, Bunthen E, Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain, Ko Ko, Shintaro Nagashima, Aya Sugiyama, Tomoyuki Akita, Halidou Tinto, Junko Tanaka Epidemiologic profile of hepatitis C virus infection and genotype distribution in Burkina Faso: a systematic review with meta-analysis (Journal Article) In: BMC Infect. Dis., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1126, 2021, ISSN: 1471-2334, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34724902
PMCID: PMC8561994). @article{Ouoba2021-ug,
title = {Epidemiologic profile of hepatitis C virus infection and genotype distribution in Burkina Faso: a systematic review with meta-analysis},
author = {Serge Ouoba and Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwinde Ouedraogo and Moussa Lingani and Bunthen E and Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain and Ko Ko and Shintaro Nagashima and Aya Sugiyama and Tomoyuki Akita and Halidou Tinto and Junko Tanaka},
doi = {10.1186/s12879-021-06817-x},
issn = {1471-2334},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-01},
urldate = {2021-11-01},
journal = {BMC Infect. Dis.},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {1126},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Detailed characteristics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infection in Burkina Faso are scarce. The main aim of this study
was to assess HCV seroprevalence in various settings and
populations at risk in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2020.
Secondary objectives included the prevalence of HCV Ribonucleic
acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes. METHODS: A
systematic database search, supplemented by a manual search, was
conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and African Index
Medicus. Studies reporting HCV seroprevalence data in low and
high-risk populations in Burkina Faso were included, and a
random-effects meta-analysis was applied. Risk of bias was
assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute checklist. RESULTS:
Low-risk populations were examined in 31 studies involving a
total of 168,151 subjects, of whom 8330 were positive for HCV
antibodies. Six studies included a total of 1484 high-risk
persons, and 96 had antibodies to HCV. The pooled seroprevalence
in low-risk populations was 3.72% (95% CI: 3.20-4.28) and
4.75% (95% CI: 1.79-8.94) in high-risk groups. A
non-significant decreasing trend was observed over the study
period. Seven studies tested HCV RNA in a total of 4759
individuals at low risk for HCV infection, and 81 were positive.
The meta-analysis of HCV RNA yielded a pooled prevalence of
1.65% (95% CI: 0.74-2.89%) in low-risk populations, which is
assumed to be indicative of HCV prevalence in the general
population of Burkina Faso and suggests that about 301,174
people are active HCV carriers in the country. Genotypes 2 and 1
were the most frequent, with 60.3% and 25.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: HCV seroprevalence is intermediate in Burkina Faso
and indicates the need to implement effective control
strategies. There is a paucity of data at the national level and
for rural and high-risk populations. General population
screening and linkage to care are recommended, with special
attention to rural and high-risk populations.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34724902
PMCID: PMC8561994},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Genotype, Hepacivirus/genetics, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C/epidemiology, Humans, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Seroprevalence, Systematic review},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Detailed characteristics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infection in Burkina Faso are scarce. The main aim of this study
was to assess HCV seroprevalence in various settings and
populations at risk in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2020.
Secondary objectives included the prevalence of HCV Ribonucleic
acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes. METHODS: A
systematic database search, supplemented by a manual search, was
conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and African Index
Medicus. Studies reporting HCV seroprevalence data in low and
high-risk populations in Burkina Faso were included, and a
random-effects meta-analysis was applied. Risk of bias was
assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute checklist. RESULTS:
Low-risk populations were examined in 31 studies involving a
total of 168,151 subjects, of whom 8330 were positive for HCV
antibodies. Six studies included a total of 1484 high-risk
persons, and 96 had antibodies to HCV. The pooled seroprevalence
in low-risk populations was 3.72% (95% CI: 3.20-4.28) and
4.75% (95% CI: 1.79-8.94) in high-risk groups. A
non-significant decreasing trend was observed over the study
period. Seven studies tested HCV RNA in a total of 4759
individuals at low risk for HCV infection, and 81 were positive.
The meta-analysis of HCV RNA yielded a pooled prevalence of
1.65% (95% CI: 0.74-2.89%) in low-risk populations, which is
assumed to be indicative of HCV prevalence in the general
population of Burkina Faso and suggests that about 301,174
people are active HCV carriers in the country. Genotypes 2 and 1
were the most frequent, with 60.3% and 25.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: HCV seroprevalence is intermediate in Burkina Faso
and indicates the need to implement effective control
strategies. There is a paucity of data at the national level and
for rural and high-risk populations. General population
screening and linkage to care are recommended, with special
attention to rural and high-risk populations. |
 | Rafael Dal-Ré, Linda-Gail Bekker, Christian Gluud, Søren Holm, Vivekanand Jha, Gregory A Poland, Frits R Rosendaal, Brigitte Schwarzer-Daum, Esperanc ca Sevene, Halidou Tinto, Teck Chuan Voo, Nadarajah Sreeharan Ongoing and future COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials: challenges and opportunities (Journal Article) In: Lancet Infect. Dis., vol. 21, no. 11, pp. e342–e347, 2021, ISSN: 1474-4457 1473-3099, (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PMID: 34019801
PMCID: PMC8131060). @article{Dal-Re2021-mr,
title = {Ongoing and future COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials: challenges and opportunities},
author = {Rafael Dal-R\'{e} and Linda-Gail Bekker and Christian Gluud and S\oren Holm and Vivekanand Jha and Gregory A Poland and Frits R Rosendaal and Brigitte Schwarzer-Daum and Esperanc ca Sevene and Halidou Tinto and Teck Chuan Voo and Nadarajah Sreeharan},
doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00263-2},
issn = {1474-4457 1473-3099},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-01},
urldate = {2021-11-01},
journal = {Lancet Infect. Dis.},
volume = {21},
number = {11},
pages = {e342--e347},
abstract = {Large-scale deployment of COVID-19 vaccines will seriously affect
the ongoing phases 2 and 3 randomised placebo-controlled trials
assessing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates. The effect will be
particularly acute in high-income countries where the entire
adult or older population could be vaccinated by late 2021.
Regrettably, only a small proportion of the population in many
low-income and middle-income countries will have access to
available vaccines. Sponsors of COVID-19 vaccine candidates
currently in phase 2 or initiating phase 3 trials in 2021 should
consider continuing the research in countries with limited
affordability and availability of COVID-19 vaccines. Several
ethical principles must be implemented to ensure the equitable,
non-exploitative, and respectful conduct of trials in
resource-poor settings. Once sufficient knowledge on the
immunogenicity response to COVID-19 vaccines is acquired,
non-inferiority immunogenicity trials-comparing the immune
response of a vaccine candidate to that of an authorised
vaccine-would probably be the most common trial design. Until
then, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trials will
continue to play a role in the development of new vaccine
candidates. WHO or the Council for International Organizations of
Medical Sciences should define an ethical framework for the
requirements and benefits for trial participants and host
communities in resource-poor settings that should require
commitment from all vaccine candidate sponsors from high-income
countries.},
note = {Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PMID: 34019801
PMCID: PMC8131060},
keywords = {Clinical Trials as Topic, COVID-19 Vaccines/administration \& dosage/immunology, COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology/prevention \& control/virology, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Immunogenicity, Pandemics/prevention \& control, SARS-CoV-2/immunology, Vaccine},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Large-scale deployment of COVID-19 vaccines will seriously affect
the ongoing phases 2 and 3 randomised placebo-controlled trials
assessing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates. The effect will be
particularly acute in high-income countries where the entire
adult or older population could be vaccinated by late 2021.
Regrettably, only a small proportion of the population in many
low-income and middle-income countries will have access to
available vaccines. Sponsors of COVID-19 vaccine candidates
currently in phase 2 or initiating phase 3 trials in 2021 should
consider continuing the research in countries with limited
affordability and availability of COVID-19 vaccines. Several
ethical principles must be implemented to ensure the equitable,
non-exploitative, and respectful conduct of trials in
resource-poor settings. Once sufficient knowledge on the
immunogenicity response to COVID-19 vaccines is acquired,
non-inferiority immunogenicity trials-comparing the immune
response of a vaccine candidate to that of an authorised
vaccine-would probably be the most common trial design. Until
then, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trials will
continue to play a role in the development of new vaccine
candidates. WHO or the Council for International Organizations of
Medical Sciences should define an ethical framework for the
requirements and benefits for trial participants and host
communities in resource-poor settings that should require
commitment from all vaccine candidate sponsors from high-income
countries. |
 | Moussa Lingani, Serge H Zango, Innocent Valéa, Daniel Valia, Ma"imouna Sanou, Sékou O Samandoulougou, Annie Robert, Halidou Tinto, Mich`ele Dramaix, Philippe Donnen Magnitude of low birthweight in malaria endemic settings of Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso: a secondary data analysis (Journal Article) In: Sci. Rep., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 21332, 2021, ISSN: 2045-2322, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34716389
PMCID: PMC8556330). @article{Lingani2021-ae,
title = {Magnitude of low birthweight in malaria endemic settings of Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso: a secondary data analysis},
author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge H Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Daniel Valia and Ma"imouna Sanou and S\'{e}kou O Samandoulougou and Annie Robert and Halidou Tinto and Mich`ele Dramaix and Philippe Donnen},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-00881-8},
issn = {2045-2322},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-29},
urldate = {2021-10-01},
journal = {Sci. Rep.},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {21332},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Low birthweight (LBW) is a worldwide problem that particularly
affects developing countries. However, limited information is
available on its magnitude in rural area of Burkina Faso. This
study aimed to estimate the prevalence of low birthweight and to
identify its associated factors in Nanoro health district. A
secondary analysis of data collected during a cross-sectional
survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of low birthweight
in Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system area
(HDSS). Maternal characteristics extracted from antenatal care
books or by interview, completed by malaria diagnosis were
examined through a multi-level logistic regression to estimate
odd-ratios of association with low birthweight. Significance
level was set at 5%. Of the 291 neonates examined, the
prevalence of low birthweight was 12%. After adjustment for
socio-demographic, obstetric and malaria prevention variables, being primigravid (OR = 8.84, [95% CI: 3.72-21.01]), or multigravid with history of stillbirth (OR = 5.03, [95% CI:
1.54-16.40]), as well as the lack of long-lasting insecticide
treated bed net use by the mother the night preceding the admission for delivery (OR = 2.5, [95% CI: 1.1-5.9]) were
significantly associated with neonate low birthweight. The
number of antenatal visits however did not confer any direct
benefit on birthweight status within this study area. The
prevalence of low birthweight was high in the study area and
represents an important public health problem in Burkina Faso.
In light of these results, a redefinition of the content of the
antenatal care package is needed.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34716389
PMCID: PMC8556330},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Low birthweight (LBW) is a worldwide problem that particularly
affects developing countries. However, limited information is
available on its magnitude in rural area of Burkina Faso. This
study aimed to estimate the prevalence of low birthweight and to
identify its associated factors in Nanoro health district. A
secondary analysis of data collected during a cross-sectional
survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of low birthweight
in Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system area
(HDSS). Maternal characteristics extracted from antenatal care
books or by interview, completed by malaria diagnosis were
examined through a multi-level logistic regression to estimate
odd-ratios of association with low birthweight. Significance
level was set at 5%. Of the 291 neonates examined, the
prevalence of low birthweight was 12%. After adjustment for
socio-demographic, obstetric and malaria prevention variables, being primigravid (OR = 8.84, [95% CI: 3.72-21.01]), or multigravid with history of stillbirth (OR = 5.03, [95% CI:
1.54-16.40]), as well as the lack of long-lasting insecticide
treated bed net use by the mother the night preceding the admission for delivery (OR = 2.5, [95% CI: 1.1-5.9]) were
significantly associated with neonate low birthweight. The
number of antenatal visits however did not confer any direct
benefit on birthweight status within this study area. The
prevalence of low birthweight was high in the study area and
represents an important public health problem in Burkina Faso.
In light of these results, a redefinition of the content of the
antenatal care package is needed. |
 | Serge Henri Zango, Moussa Lingani, Innocent Valea, Ouindpanga Sekou Samadoulougou, Biebo Bihoun, Diagniagou Lankoande, Phillipe Donnen, Michele Dramaix, Halidou Tinto, Annie Robert Association of malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections with pregnancy outcomes in rural Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 722, 2021, ISSN: 1471-2393, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34706705
PMCID: PMC8549350). @article{Zango2021-ti,
title = {Association of malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections with pregnancy outcomes in rural Burkina Faso},
author = {Serge Henri Zango and Moussa Lingani and Innocent Valea and Ouindpanga Sekou Samadoulougou and Biebo Bihoun and Diagniagou Lankoande and Phillipe Donnen and Michele Dramaix and Halidou Tinto and Annie Robert},
doi = {10.1186/s12884-021-04205-6},
issn = {1471-2393},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-27},
urldate = {2021-10-27},
journal = {BMC Pregnancy Childbirth},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {722},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections
(STIs) are severe infections associated with poor pregnancy
outcomes in sub-Saharan countries. These infections are
responsible for low birth weight, preterm birth, and
miscarriage. In Burkina Faso, many interventions recommended by
the World Health Organization were implemented to control the
impact of these infections. After decades of intervention, we
assessed the impact of these infections on pregnancy outcomes in
rural setting of Burkina Faso. METHODS: Antenatal care and
delivery data of pregnant women attending health facilities in
2016 and 2017 were collected in two rural districts namely
Nanoro and Yako, in Burkina Faso. Regression models with
likelihood ratio test were used to assess the association
between infections and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: During the
two years, 31639 pregnant women received antenatal care. Malaria
without STI, STI without malaria, and their coinfections were
reported for 7359 (23.3%), 881 (2.8 %), and 388 (1.2%) women,
respectively. Low birth weight, miscarriage, and stillbirth were
observed in 2754 (10.5 %), 547 (2.0 %), and 373 (1.3 %)
women, respectively. Our data did not show an association
between low birth weight and malaria [Adjusted OR: 0.91 (0.78 -
1.07)], STIs [Adjusted OR: 0.74 (0.51 - 1.07)] and coinfection
[Adjusted OR: 1.15 (0.75 - 1.78)]. Low birth weight was strongly
associated with primigravidae [Adjusted OR: 3.53 (3.12 - 4.00)].
Both miscarriage and stillbirth were associated with malaria
[Adjusted OR: 1.31 (1.07 - 1.59)], curable STI [Adjusted OR:
1.65 (1.06 - 2.59)], and coinfection [Adjusted OR: 2.00 (1.13 -
3.52)]. CONCLUSION: Poor pregnancy outcomes remained frequent in
rural Burkina Faso. Malaria, curable STIs, and their
coinfections were associated with both miscarriage and
stillbirth in rural Burkina. More effort should be done to
reduce the proportion of pregnancies lost associated with these
curable infections by targeting interventions in primigravidae
women.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34706705
PMCID: PMC8549350},
keywords = {Coinfection, Impact, Malaria, Outcome, Pregnancy, STI},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections
(STIs) are severe infections associated with poor pregnancy
outcomes in sub-Saharan countries. These infections are
responsible for low birth weight, preterm birth, and
miscarriage. In Burkina Faso, many interventions recommended by
the World Health Organization were implemented to control the
impact of these infections. After decades of intervention, we
assessed the impact of these infections on pregnancy outcomes in
rural setting of Burkina Faso. METHODS: Antenatal care and
delivery data of pregnant women attending health facilities in
2016 and 2017 were collected in two rural districts namely
Nanoro and Yako, in Burkina Faso. Regression models with
likelihood ratio test were used to assess the association
between infections and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: During the
two years, 31639 pregnant women received antenatal care. Malaria
without STI, STI without malaria, and their coinfections were
reported for 7359 (23.3%), 881 (2.8 %), and 388 (1.2%) women,
respectively. Low birth weight, miscarriage, and stillbirth were
observed in 2754 (10.5 %), 547 (2.0 %), and 373 (1.3 %)
women, respectively. Our data did not show an association
between low birth weight and malaria [Adjusted OR: 0.91 (0.78 –
1.07)], STIs [Adjusted OR: 0.74 (0.51 – 1.07)] and coinfection
[Adjusted OR: 1.15 (0.75 – 1.78)]. Low birth weight was strongly
associated with primigravidae [Adjusted OR: 3.53 (3.12 – 4.00)].
Both miscarriage and stillbirth were associated with malaria
[Adjusted OR: 1.31 (1.07 – 1.59)], curable STI [Adjusted OR:
1.65 (1.06 – 2.59)], and coinfection [Adjusted OR: 2.00 (1.13 –
3.52)]. CONCLUSION: Poor pregnancy outcomes remained frequent in
rural Burkina Faso. Malaria, curable STIs, and their
coinfections were associated with both miscarriage and
stillbirth in rural Burkina. More effort should be done to
reduce the proportion of pregnancies lost associated with these
curable infections by targeting interventions in primigravidae
women. |
 | Tim Starck, Caroline A Bulstra, Halidou Tinto, Toussaint Rouamba, Ali Sie, Thomas Jaenisch, Till Bärnighausen The effect of malaria on haemoglobin concentrations: a nationally representative household fixed-effects study of 17,599 children under 5 years of age in Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Malar. J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 416, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2875, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34688294
PMCID: PMC8542337). @article{Starck2021-mb,
title = {The effect of malaria on haemoglobin concentrations: a nationally representative household fixed-effects study of 17,599 children under 5 years of age in Burkina Faso},
author = {Tim Starck and Caroline A Bulstra and Halidou Tinto and Toussaint Rouamba and Ali Sie and Thomas Jaenisch and Till B\"{a}rnighausen},
doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03948-z},
issn = {1475-2875},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-23},
urldate = {2021-10-23},
journal = {Malar. J.},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {416},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although the association between malaria and anaemia
is widely studied in patient cohorts, the
population-representative causal effects of malaria on anaemia
remain unknown. This study estimated the malaria-induced
decrease in haemoglobin levels among young children in
malaria-endemic Burkina Faso. METHODS: The study was based on
pooled individual-level nationally representative health survey
data (2010-2011, 2014, 2017-2018) from 17 599 children under 5
years of age. This data was used to estimate the effects of
malaria on haemoglobin concentration, controlling for household
fixed-effects, age, and sex in a series of regression analyses.
The fixed-effects controlled for observed and unobserved
confounding on the household level and allowed to determine the
impact of malaria infection status on haemoglobin levels and
anaemia prevalence. Furthermore, the diagnostic results from
microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests were leveraged to provide
a quasi-longitudinal perspective of acute and prolonged effects
after malaria infection. RESULTS: The prevalence of both malaria
(survey prevalence ranging from 17.4% to 65.2%) and anaemia
(survey prevalence ranging from 74% to 88.2%) was very high in
the included surveys. Malaria was estimated to significantly
reduce haemoglobin levels, with an overall effect of - 7.5 g/dL
(95% CI - 8.5, - 6.5). Acute malaria resulted in a - 7.7 g/dL
(95% CI - 8.8, - 6.6) decrease in haemoglobin levels. Recent
malaria without current parasitaemia decreased haemoglobin
concentration by - 7.1 g/dL (95% CI - 8.3, - 5.9). The
in-sample predicted prevalence of severe anaemia was 9.4% among
malaria positives, but only 2.2% among children without
malaria. CONCLUSION: Malaria infection has a strong detrimental
effect on haemoglobin levels among young children in Burkina
Faso. This effect seems to carry over even after acute
infection, indicating prolonged haemoglobin reductions even
after successful parasite-elimination. The quasi-experimental
fixed-effect approach adds a population level perspective to
existing clinical evidence.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34688294
PMCID: PMC8542337},
keywords = {Anaemia, Burkina Faso, Haemoglobin, Household fixed-effects, Malaria, Microscopy, Rapid diagnostic tests},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Although the association between malaria and anaemia
is widely studied in patient cohorts, the
population-representative causal effects of malaria on anaemia
remain unknown. This study estimated the malaria-induced
decrease in haemoglobin levels among young children in
malaria-endemic Burkina Faso. METHODS: The study was based on
pooled individual-level nationally representative health survey
data (2010-2011, 2014, 2017-2018) from 17 599 children under 5
years of age. This data was used to estimate the effects of
malaria on haemoglobin concentration, controlling for household
fixed-effects, age, and sex in a series of regression analyses.
The fixed-effects controlled for observed and unobserved
confounding on the household level and allowed to determine the
impact of malaria infection status on haemoglobin levels and
anaemia prevalence. Furthermore, the diagnostic results from
microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests were leveraged to provide
a quasi-longitudinal perspective of acute and prolonged effects
after malaria infection. RESULTS: The prevalence of both malaria
(survey prevalence ranging from 17.4% to 65.2%) and anaemia
(survey prevalence ranging from 74% to 88.2%) was very high in
the included surveys. Malaria was estimated to significantly
reduce haemoglobin levels, with an overall effect of – 7.5 g/dL
(95% CI – 8.5, – 6.5). Acute malaria resulted in a – 7.7 g/dL
(95% CI – 8.8, – 6.6) decrease in haemoglobin levels. Recent
malaria without current parasitaemia decreased haemoglobin
concentration by – 7.1 g/dL (95% CI – 8.3, – 5.9). The
in-sample predicted prevalence of severe anaemia was 9.4% among
malaria positives, but only 2.2% among children without
malaria. CONCLUSION: Malaria infection has a strong detrimental
effect on haemoglobin levels among young children in Burkina
Faso. This effect seems to carry over even after acute
infection, indicating prolonged haemoglobin reductions even
after successful parasite-elimination. The quasi-experimental
fixed-effect approach adds a population level perspective to
existing clinical evidence. |
 | Soumeya Hema-Ouangraoua, Juliette Tranchot-Diallo, Issaka Zongo, Nongodo Firmin Kabore, Frédéric Niki`ema, Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga, Halidou Tinto, Daniel Chandramohan, Georges-Anicet Ouedraogo, Brian Greenwood, Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus (Journal Article) In: PLoS One, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. e0257190, 2021, ISSN: 1932-6203, (PMID: 34644317
PMCID: PMC8513893). @article{Hema-Ouangraoua2021-xf,
title = {Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus},
author = {Soumeya Hema-Ouangraoua and Juliette Tranchot-Diallo and Issaka Zongo and Nongodo Firmin Kabore and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Niki`ema and Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga and Halidou Tinto and Daniel Chandramohan and Georges-Anicet Ouedraogo and Brian Greenwood and Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0257190},
issn = {1932-6203},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-13},
urldate = {2021-10-01},
journal = {PLoS One},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {e0257190},
publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
abstract = {Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of serious illness and
death in children, indicating the need to monitor prevalent
strains, particularly in the vulnerable pediatric population.
Nasal carriage of S. aureus is important as carriers have an
increased risk of serious illness due to systemic invasion by
this pathogen and can transmit the infection. Recent studies
have demonstrated the effectiveness of azithromycin in reducing
the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carrying of pneumococci, which
are often implicated in respiratory infections in children.
However, very few studies of the impact of azithromycin on
staphylococci have been undertaken. During a clinical trial
under taken in 2016, nasal swabs were collected from 778
children aged 3 to 59 months including 385 children who were
swabbed before administration of azithromycin or placebo and 393
after administration of azithromycin or placebo. Azithromycin
was given in a dose of 100 mg for three days, together with the
antimalarials sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine, on four
occasions at monthly intervals during the malaria transmission
season. These samples were cultured for S. aureus as well as for
the pneumococcus. The S. aureus isolates were tested for their
susceptibility to azithromycin (15 g), penicillin (10 IU), and
cefoxitine (30 g) (Oxoid Ltd). S. aureus was isolated from
13.77% (53/385) swabs before administration of azithromycin and from 20.10% (79/393) six months after administration (PR = 1.46 [1.06; 2.01},
note = {PMID: 34644317
PMCID: PMC8513893},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of serious illness and
death in children, indicating the need to monitor prevalent
strains, particularly in the vulnerable pediatric population.
Nasal carriage of S. aureus is important as carriers have an
increased risk of serious illness due to systemic invasion by
this pathogen and can transmit the infection. Recent studies
have demonstrated the effectiveness of azithromycin in reducing
the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carrying of pneumococci, which
are often implicated in respiratory infections in children.
However, very few studies of the impact of azithromycin on
staphylococci have been undertaken. During a clinical trial
under taken in 2016, nasal swabs were collected from 778
children aged 3 to 59 months including 385 children who were
swabbed before administration of azithromycin or placebo and 393
after administration of azithromycin or placebo. Azithromycin
was given in a dose of 100 mg for three days, together with the
antimalarials sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine, on four
occasions at monthly intervals during the malaria transmission
season. These samples were cultured for S. aureus as well as for
the pneumococcus. The S. aureus isolates were tested for their
susceptibility to azithromycin (15 g), penicillin (10 IU), and
cefoxitine (30 g) (Oxoid Ltd). S. aureus was isolated from
13.77% (53/385) swabs before administration of azithromycin and from 20.10% (79/393) six months after administration (PR = 1.46 [1.06; 2.01 |
 | Jeoffray Diendéré, Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba, Sibraogo Kiemtoré, Olivier Ouahamin Sombié, Philippe Fayemendy, Pierre Jésus, Athanase Millogo, Aly Savadogo, Halidou Tinto, Jean-Claude Desport Associations between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso: results from the first WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey (Journal Article) In: Public Health Nutr., pp. 1–11, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2727 1368-9800, (Place: England
PMID: 34615560). @article{Diendere2021-lc,
title = {Associations between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso: results from the first WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey},
author = {Jeoffray Diend\'{e}r\'{e} and Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba and Sibraogo Kiemtor\'{e} and Olivier Ouahamin Sombi\'{e} and Philippe Fayemendy and Pierre J\'{e}sus and Athanase Millogo and Aly Savadogo and Halidou Tinto and Jean-Claude Desport},
doi = {10.1017/S1368980021004080},
issn = {1475-2727 1368-9800},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-07},
urldate = {2021-10-07},
journal = {Public Health Nutr.},
pages = {1--11},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between dental problems
and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso by
using nationally representative data. DESIGN: This was a
cross-sectional secondary study of primary data obtained by the
2013 WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance survey conducted in
Burkina Faso. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed
using Student's t test, ANOVA, the $chi$2 test, Fisher's exact
test and logistic regression. SETTING: All thirteen
Burkinab`e regions were categorised using quartiles of
urbanisation rates. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 1730
rural women aged 25-64 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of
underweight was 16·0 %, and 24·1 % of participants experienced
dental problems during the 12-month period. The women with
dental problems were more frequently underweight (19·9 % and
14·7 %; P 49 years old) and smokeless tobacco users. Age > 49
years, professions with inconsistent income, a lack of
education, smokeless tobacco use and low BMI were factors that
were significantly associated with dental problems, while
residency in a low-urbanisation area was a protective factor.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of underweight in rural Burkinab`e
women is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and women with
dental problems are more frequently affected than those without
dental problems. Public health measures for the prevention of
these disorders should specifically target women aged over 49
years and smokeless tobacco users.},
note = {Place: England
PMID: 34615560},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Dental problems, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural women, Underweight},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between dental problems
and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso by
using nationally representative data. DESIGN: This was a
cross-sectional secondary study of primary data obtained by the
2013 WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance survey conducted in
Burkina Faso. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed
using Student’s t test, ANOVA, the $chi$2 test, Fisher’s exact
test and logistic regression. SETTING: All thirteen
Burkinab`e regions were categorised using quartiles of
urbanisation rates. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 1730
rural women aged 25-64 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of
underweight was 16·0 %, and 24·1 % of participants experienced
dental problems during the 12-month period. The women with
dental problems were more frequently underweight (19·9 % and
14·7 %; P 49 years old) and smokeless tobacco users. Age > 49
years, professions with inconsistent income, a lack of
education, smokeless tobacco use and low BMI were factors that
were significantly associated with dental problems, while
residency in a low-urbanisation area was a protective factor.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of underweight in rural Burkinab`e
women is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and women with
dental problems are more frequently affected than those without
dental problems. Public health measures for the prevention of
these disorders should specifically target women aged over 49
years and smokeless tobacco users. |
 | Mphatso Dennis Phiri, Matthew Cairns, Issaka Zongo, Frederic Nikiema, Modibo Diarra, Rakiswendé Serge Yerbanga, Amadou Barry, Amadou Tapily, Samba Coumare, Ismaila Thera, Irene Kuepfer, Paul Milligan, Halidou Tinto, Alassane Dicko, Jean Bosco Ouédraogo, Brian Greenwood, Daniel Chandramohan, Issaka Sagara The duration of protection from azithromycin against malaria, acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin infections when given alongside seasonal malaria chemoprevention: Secondary analyses of data from a clinical trial in houndé, Burkina Faso, and bougouni, Mali (Journal Article) In: Clin. Infect. Dis., vol. 73, no. 7, pp. e2379–e2386, 2021, ISSN: 1537-6591 1058-4838, (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
PMID: 33417683
PMCID: PMC8492219). @article{Phiri2021-oy,
title = {The duration of protection from azithromycin against malaria, acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin infections when given alongside seasonal malaria chemoprevention: Secondary analyses of data from a clinical trial in hound\'{e}, Burkina Faso, and bougouni, Mali},
author = {Mphatso Dennis Phiri and Matthew Cairns and Issaka Zongo and Frederic Nikiema and Modibo Diarra and Rakiswend\'{e} Serge Yerbanga and Amadou Barry and Amadou Tapily and Samba Coumare and Ismaila Thera and Irene Kuepfer and Paul Milligan and Halidou Tinto and Alassane Dicko and Jean Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo and Brian Greenwood and Daniel Chandramohan and Issaka Sagara},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa1905},
issn = {1537-6591 1058-4838},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-01},
urldate = {2021-10-01},
journal = {Clin. Infect. Dis.},
volume = {73},
number = {7},
pages = {e2379--e2386},
publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin
(AZ) is being considered as a strategy to promote child survival
in sub-Saharan Africa, but the mechanism by which AZ reduces
mortality is unclear. To better understand the nature and extent
of protection provided by AZ, we explored the profile of
protection by time since administration, using data from a
household-randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Burkina Faso
and Mali. METHODS: Between 2014 and 2016, 30 977 children aged
3-59 months received seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with
sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine and either AZ or
placebo monthly, on 4 occasions each year. Poisson regression
with gamma-distributed random effects, accounting for the
household randomization and within-individual clustering of
illness episodes, was used to compare incidence of prespecified
outcomes between SMC+AZ versus SMC+placebo groups in fixed time
strata post-treatment. The likelihood ratio test was used to
assess evidence for a time-treatment group interaction. RESULTS:
Relative to SMC+placebo, there was no evidence of protection
from SMC+AZ against hospital admissions and deaths. Additional
protection from SMC+AZ against malaria was confined to the first
2 weeks post-administration (protective efficacy (PE): 24.2%
[95% CI: 17.8%, 30.1%]). Gastroenteritis and pneumonia were
reduced by 29.9% [21.7; 37.3%], and 34.3% [14.9; 49.3%],
respectively, in the first 2 weeks postadministration.
Protection against nonmalaria fevers with a skin condition
persisted up to 28 days: PE: 46.3% [35.1; 55.6%]. CONCLUSIONS:
The benefits of AZ-MDA are broad-ranging but short-lived. To
maximize impact, timing of AZ-MDA must address the challenge of
targeting asynchronous morbidity and mortality peaks from
different causes.},
note = {© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
PMID: 33417683
PMCID: PMC8492219},
keywords = {Antimalarials/therapeutic use, Azithromycin, Azithromycin/therapeutic use, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Chemoprevention, Child, child mortality, Drug Combinations, duration of protection, Humans, Infant, Malaria/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention \& control, Mali/epidemiology, Preschool, Sahel, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, Seasons},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin
(AZ) is being considered as a strategy to promote child survival
in sub-Saharan Africa, but the mechanism by which AZ reduces
mortality is unclear. To better understand the nature and extent
of protection provided by AZ, we explored the profile of
protection by time since administration, using data from a
household-randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Burkina Faso
and Mali. METHODS: Between 2014 and 2016, 30 977 children aged
3-59 months received seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with
sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine and either AZ or
placebo monthly, on 4 occasions each year. Poisson regression
with gamma-distributed random effects, accounting for the
household randomization and within-individual clustering of
illness episodes, was used to compare incidence of prespecified
outcomes between SMC+AZ versus SMC+placebo groups in fixed time
strata post-treatment. The likelihood ratio test was used to
assess evidence for a time-treatment group interaction. RESULTS:
Relative to SMC+placebo, there was no evidence of protection
from SMC+AZ against hospital admissions and deaths. Additional
protection from SMC+AZ against malaria was confined to the first
2 weeks post-administration (protective efficacy (PE): 24.2%
[95% CI: 17.8%, 30.1%]). Gastroenteritis and pneumonia were
reduced by 29.9% [21.7; 37.3%], and 34.3% [14.9; 49.3%],
respectively, in the first 2 weeks postadministration.
Protection against nonmalaria fevers with a skin condition
persisted up to 28 days: PE: 46.3% [35.1; 55.6%]. CONCLUSIONS:
The benefits of AZ-MDA are broad-ranging but short-lived. To
maximize impact, timing of AZ-MDA must address the challenge of
targeting asynchronous morbidity and mortality peaks from
different causes. |
 | Massa Dit Achille Bonko, Marc Christian Tahita, Francois Kiemde, Palpouguini Lompo, Sibidou Yougbaré, Athanase M Some, Halidou Tinto, Petra F Mens, Sandra Menting, Henk D F H Schallig Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Trop. Med. Int. Health, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 1220–1230, 2021, ISSN: 1365-3156 1360-2276, (© 2021 The Authors Tropical Medicine & International Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Place: England
PMID: 34185935). @article{Bonko2021-en,
title = {Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso},
author = {Massa Dit Achille Bonko and Marc Christian Tahita and Francois Kiemde and Palpouguini Lompo and Sibidou Yougbar\'{e} and Athanase M Some and Halidou Tinto and Petra F Mens and Sandra Menting and Henk D F H Schallig},
doi = {10.1111/tmi.13644},
issn = {1365-3156 1360-2276},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-01},
urldate = {2021-10-01},
journal = {Trop. Med. Int. Health},
volume = {26},
number = {10},
pages = {1220--1230},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Antibiotics efficacy is severely threatened due to
emerging resistance worldwide, but there is a paucity of
antibiotics efficacy data for the West African region in
general. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic
susceptibility profile of bacterial isolated from febrile
children under 5 years of age in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). METHODS:
Blood, stool and urine samples were collected from 1099 febrile
children attending peripheral health facilities and the referral
hospital in Nanoro Health district. Bacterial isolates from
these samples were assessed for their susceptibility against
commonly used antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS: In
total, 141 bacterial isolates were recovered from 127 febrile
children of which 65 from blood, 65 from stool and 11 from
urine. Salmonella isolates were most frequently isolated and
found to be highly resistant to ampicillin (70%; 56/80) and
trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (65%; 52/80). Escherichia coli
isolates showed a high resistance rate to
trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%),
ciprofloxacin (71.4%; 10/14), amoxicillin-clavulanate (64.3%;
9/14), ceftriaxone (64.3%; 9/14) and gentamycin (50%; 7/14).
Moreover, half of the E. coli isolates produced \ss-lactamase
suggesting multi-drug resistance against $beta$-lactam as well
as non-$beta$-lactam antibiotics. Multi-drug resistance was
observed in 54.6% (59/108) of the isolates, mainly
Gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed high
resistance rates to common antibiotics used to treat bacterial
infections in Nanoro. The work prompts the need to expand
antibiotic resistance surveillance studies in Burkina Faso.},
note = {© 2021 The Authors Tropical Medicine \& International Health Published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.
Place: England
PMID: 34185935},
keywords = {antibiotic resistance, bacteria, febrile children},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVES: Antibiotics efficacy is severely threatened due to
emerging resistance worldwide, but there is a paucity of
antibiotics efficacy data for the West African region in
general. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic
susceptibility profile of bacterial isolated from febrile
children under 5 years of age in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). METHODS:
Blood, stool and urine samples were collected from 1099 febrile
children attending peripheral health facilities and the referral
hospital in Nanoro Health district. Bacterial isolates from
these samples were assessed for their susceptibility against
commonly used antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS: In
total, 141 bacterial isolates were recovered from 127 febrile
children of which 65 from blood, 65 from stool and 11 from
urine. Salmonella isolates were most frequently isolated and
found to be highly resistant to ampicillin (70%; 56/80) and
trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (65%; 52/80). Escherichia coli
isolates showed a high resistance rate to
trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%),
ciprofloxacin (71.4%; 10/14), amoxicillin-clavulanate (64.3%;
9/14), ceftriaxone (64.3%; 9/14) and gentamycin (50%; 7/14).
Moreover, half of the E. coli isolates produced ß-lactamase
suggesting multi-drug resistance against $beta$-lactam as well
as non-$beta$-lactam antibiotics. Multi-drug resistance was
observed in 54.6% (59/108) of the isolates, mainly
Gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed high
resistance rates to common antibiotics used to treat bacterial
infections in Nanoro. The work prompts the need to expand
antibiotic resistance surveillance studies in Burkina Faso. |
 | Daniel Chandramohan, Issaka Zongo, Issaka Sagara, Matthew Cairns, Rakiswendé-Serge Yerbanga, Modibo Diarra, Frédéric Niki`ema, Amadou Tapily, Frédéric Sompougdou, Djibrilla Issiaka, Charles Zoungrana, Koualy Sanogo, Alassane Haro, Mahamadou Kaya, Abdoul-Aziz Sienou, Seydou Traore, Almahamoudou Mahamar, Ismaila Thera, Kalifa Diarra, Amagana Dolo, Irene Kuepfer, Paul Snell, Paul Milligan, Christian Ockenhouse, Opokua Ofori-Anyinam, Halidou Tinto, Abdoulaye Djimde, Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo, Alassane Dicko, Brian Greenwood Seasonal malaria vaccination with or without seasonal malaria chemoprevention (Journal Article) In: N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 385, no. 11, pp. 1005–1017, 2021, ISSN: 1533-4406 0028-4793, (Copyright © 2021 Massachusetts Medical Society.
Place: United States
PMID: 34432975). @article{Chandramohan2021-qm,
title = {Seasonal malaria vaccination with or without seasonal malaria chemoprevention},
author = {Daniel Chandramohan and Issaka Zongo and Issaka Sagara and Matthew Cairns and Rakiswend\'{e}-Serge Yerbanga and Modibo Diarra and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Niki`ema and Amadou Tapily and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Sompougdou and Djibrilla Issiaka and Charles Zoungrana and Koualy Sanogo and Alassane Haro and Mahamadou Kaya and Abdoul-Aziz Sienou and Seydou Traore and Almahamoudou Mahamar and Ismaila Thera and Kalifa Diarra and Amagana Dolo and Irene Kuepfer and Paul Snell and Paul Milligan and Christian Ockenhouse and Opokua Ofori-Anyinam and Halidou Tinto and Abdoulaye Djimde and Jean-Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo and Alassane Dicko and Brian Greenwood},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa2026330},
issn = {1533-4406 0028-4793},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-09},
urldate = {2021-09-09},
journal = {N. Engl. J. Med.},
volume = {385},
number = {11},
pages = {1005--1017},
publisher = {Massachusetts Medical Society},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria control remains a challenge in many parts of
the Sahel and sub-Sahel regions of Africa. METHODS: We conducted
an individually randomized, controlled trial to assess whether
seasonal vaccination with RTS,S/AS01E was noninferior to
chemoprevention in preventing uncomplicated malaria and whether
the two interventions combined were superior to either one alone
in preventing uncomplicated malaria and severe malaria-related
outcomes. RESULTS: We randomly assigned 6861 children 5 to 17
months of age to receive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and
amodiaquine (2287 children [chemoprevention-alone group]),
RTS,S/AS01E (2288 children [vaccine-alone group]), or
chemoprevention and RTS,S/AS01E (2286 children [combination
group]). Of these, 1965, 1988, and 1967 children in the three
groups, respectively, received the first dose of the assigned
intervention and were followed for 3 years. Febrile seizure
developed in 5 children the day after receipt of the vaccine,
but the children recovered and had no sequelae. There were 305
events of uncomplicated clinical malaria per 1000 person-years
at risk in the chemoprevention-alone group, 278 events per 1000
person-years in the vaccine-alone group, and 113 events per 1000
person-years in the combination group. The hazard ratio for the
protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E as compared with
chemoprevention was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to
1.01), which excluded the prespecified noninferiority margin of
1.20. The protective efficacy of the combination as compared
with chemoprevention alone was 62.8% (95% CI, 58.4 to 66.8)
against clinical malaria, 70.5% (95% CI, 41.9 to 85.0) against
hospital admission with severe malaria according to the World
Health Organization definition, and 72.9% (95% CI, 2.9 to
92.4) against death from malaria. The protective efficacy of the
combination as compared with the vaccine alone against these
outcomes was 59.6% (95% CI, 54.7 to 64.0), 70.6% (95% CI,
42.3 to 85.0), and 75.3% (95% CI, 12.5 to 93.0), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Administration of RTS,S/AS01E was noninferior to
chemoprevention in preventing uncomplicated malaria. The
combination of these interventions resulted in a substantially
lower incidence of uncomplicated malaria, severe malaria, and
death from malaria than either intervention alone. (Funded by
the Joint Global Health Trials and PATH; ClinicalTrials.gov
number, NCT03143218.).},
note = {Copyright © 2021 Massachusetts Medical Society.
Place: United States
PMID: 34432975},
keywords = {Amodiaquine/therapeutic use, Antimalarials/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Chemoprevention, Combination, Combined Modality Therapy, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Drug Therapy, Falciparum/epidemiology/mortality/prevention \& control, Febrile/etiology, Female, Hospitalization/statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Malaria Vaccines/administration \& dosage/adverse effects, Male, Mali/epidemiology, Pyrimethamine/therapeutic use, Seasons, Seizures, Sulfadoxine/therapeutic use},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Malaria control remains a challenge in many parts of
the Sahel and sub-Sahel regions of Africa. METHODS: We conducted
an individually randomized, controlled trial to assess whether
seasonal vaccination with RTS,S/AS01E was noninferior to
chemoprevention in preventing uncomplicated malaria and whether
the two interventions combined were superior to either one alone
in preventing uncomplicated malaria and severe malaria-related
outcomes. RESULTS: We randomly assigned 6861 children 5 to 17
months of age to receive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and
amodiaquine (2287 children [chemoprevention-alone group]),
RTS,S/AS01E (2288 children [vaccine-alone group]), or
chemoprevention and RTS,S/AS01E (2286 children [combination
group]). Of these, 1965, 1988, and 1967 children in the three
groups, respectively, received the first dose of the assigned
intervention and were followed for 3 years. Febrile seizure
developed in 5 children the day after receipt of the vaccine,
but the children recovered and had no sequelae. There were 305
events of uncomplicated clinical malaria per 1000 person-years
at risk in the chemoprevention-alone group, 278 events per 1000
person-years in the vaccine-alone group, and 113 events per 1000
person-years in the combination group. The hazard ratio for the
protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E as compared with
chemoprevention was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to
1.01), which excluded the prespecified noninferiority margin of
1.20. The protective efficacy of the combination as compared
with chemoprevention alone was 62.8% (95% CI, 58.4 to 66.8)
against clinical malaria, 70.5% (95% CI, 41.9 to 85.0) against
hospital admission with severe malaria according to the World
Health Organization definition, and 72.9% (95% CI, 2.9 to
92.4) against death from malaria. The protective efficacy of the
combination as compared with the vaccine alone against these
outcomes was 59.6% (95% CI, 54.7 to 64.0), 70.6% (95% CI,
42.3 to 85.0), and 75.3% (95% CI, 12.5 to 93.0), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Administration of RTS,S/AS01E was noninferior to
chemoprevention in preventing uncomplicated malaria. The
combination of these interventions resulted in a substantially
lower incidence of uncomplicated malaria, severe malaria, and
death from malaria than either intervention alone. (Funded by
the Joint Global Health Trials and PATH; ClinicalTrials.gov
number, NCT03143218.). |
 | Isidore Tiandiogo Traoré, Samiratou Ouedraogo, Dramane Kania, Firmin Nongodo Kaboré, Blahima Konaté, Rachel Médah, Hermann Badolo, Nathalie Rekeneire, Ariane Mamguem Kamga, Armel Poda, Arnaud Eric Diendere, Boukary Ouédraogo, Esperance Ouédraogo, Oumar Billa, Halidou Tinto, Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli COVID-19 epidemiological, sociological and anthropological investigation: study protocol for a multidisciplinary mixed methods research in Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: BMC Infect. Dis., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 896, 2021, ISSN: 1471-2334, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34479501
PMCID: PMC8414025). @article{Traore2021-vr,
title = {COVID-19 epidemiological, sociological and anthropological investigation: study protocol for a multidisciplinary mixed methods research in Burkina Faso},
author = {Isidore Tiandiogo Traor\'{e} and Samiratou Ouedraogo and Dramane Kania and Firmin Nongodo Kabor\'{e} and Blahima Konat\'{e} and Rachel M\'{e}dah and Hermann Badolo and Nathalie Rekeneire and Ariane Mamguem Kamga and Armel Poda and Arnaud Eric Diendere and Boukary Ou\'{e}draogo and Esperance Ou\'{e}draogo and Oumar Billa and Halidou Tinto and Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli},
doi = {10.1186/s12879-021-06543-4},
issn = {1471-2334},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-03},
urldate = {2021-09-03},
journal = {BMC Infect. Dis.},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {896},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The world has high hopes of vaccination against
COVID-19 to protect the population, boost economies and return to
normal life. Vaccination programmes are being rolled out in high
income countries, but the pandemic continues to progress in many
low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) despite implementation of
strict hygiene measures. We aim to present a comprehensive
research protocol that will generate epidemiological,
sociological and anthropological data about the COVID-19 epidemic
in Burkina Faso, a landlocked country in West Africa with scarce
resources. METHODS: We will perform a multidisciplinary research
using mixed methods in the two main cities in Burkina Faso
(Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso). Data will be collected in the
general population and in COVID-19 patients, caregivers and
health care professionals in reference care centers: (i) to
determine cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the
Burkinabe population using blood samples collected from randomly
selected households according to the WHO-recommended protocol;
(ii) develop a score to predict severe complications of COVID-19
in persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 using retrospective and
prospective data; (iii) perform semi-structured interviews and
direct observation on site, to describe and analyze the
healthcare pathways and experiences of patients with COVID-19
attending reference care centers, and to identify the
perceptions, acceptability and application of preventive
strategies among the population. DISCUSSION: This study will
generate comprehensive data that will contribute to improving
COVID-19 response strategies in Burkina Faso. The lessons learned
from the management of this epidemic may serve as examples to the
country authorities to better design preventive strategies in the
case of future epidemics or pandemics. The protocol was approved
by the Ministry for Health (N° 2020-00952/MS/CAB/INSP/CM) and the
Health Research Ethics Committee in Burkina Faso (N° 2020-8-140).},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34479501
PMCID: PMC8414025},
keywords = {Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Clinical epidemiology, COVID-19, Humans, Predictive score, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, SARS-Cov-2, Sero-epidemiology, Socio-anthropology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: The world has high hopes of vaccination against
COVID-19 to protect the population, boost economies and return to
normal life. Vaccination programmes are being rolled out in high
income countries, but the pandemic continues to progress in many
low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) despite implementation of
strict hygiene measures. We aim to present a comprehensive
research protocol that will generate epidemiological,
sociological and anthropological data about the COVID-19 epidemic
in Burkina Faso, a landlocked country in West Africa with scarce
resources. METHODS: We will perform a multidisciplinary research
using mixed methods in the two main cities in Burkina Faso
(Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso). Data will be collected in the
general population and in COVID-19 patients, caregivers and
health care professionals in reference care centers: (i) to
determine cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the
Burkinabe population using blood samples collected from randomly
selected households according to the WHO-recommended protocol;
(ii) develop a score to predict severe complications of COVID-19
in persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 using retrospective and
prospective data; (iii) perform semi-structured interviews and
direct observation on site, to describe and analyze the
healthcare pathways and experiences of patients with COVID-19
attending reference care centers, and to identify the
perceptions, acceptability and application of preventive
strategies among the population. DISCUSSION: This study will
generate comprehensive data that will contribute to improving
COVID-19 response strategies in Burkina Faso. The lessons learned
from the management of this epidemic may serve as examples to the
country authorities to better design preventive strategies in the
case of future epidemics or pandemics. The protocol was approved
by the Ministry for Health (N° 2020-00952/MS/CAB/INSP/CM) and the
Health Research Ethics Committee in Burkina Faso (N° 2020-8-140). |
 | Stephen A Roberts, Loretta Brabin, Halidou Tinto, Sabine Gies, Salou Diallo, Bernard Brabin Seasonal patterns of malaria, genital infection, nutritional and iron status in non-pregnant and pregnant adolescents in Burkina Faso: a secondary analysis of trial data (Journal Article) In: BMC Public Health, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1764, 2021, ISSN: 1471-2458, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34579679
PMCID: PMC8477466). @article{Roberts2021-gg,
title = {Seasonal patterns of malaria, genital infection, nutritional and iron status in non-pregnant and pregnant adolescents in Burkina Faso: a secondary analysis of trial data},
author = {Stephen A Roberts and Loretta Brabin and Halidou Tinto and Sabine Gies and Salou Diallo and Bernard Brabin},
doi = {10.1186/s12889-021-11819-0},
issn = {1471-2458},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
urldate = {2021-09-01},
journal = {BMC Public Health},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {1764},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adolescents are considered at high risk of developing iron deficiency. Studies in children indicate that the prevalence of iron deficiency increased with malaria transmission, suggesting malaria seasonally may drive iron deficiency. This paper examines monthly seasonal infection patterns of malaria, abnormal vaginal flora, chorioamnionitis, antibiotic and antimalarial prescriptions, in relation to changes in iron biomarkers and nutritional indices in adolescents living in a rural area of Burkina Faso, in order to assess the requirement for seasonal infection control and nutrition interventions. METHODS: Data collected between April 2011 and January 2014 were available for an observational seasonal analysis, comprising scheduled visits for 1949 non-pregnant adolescents (≤19 years), (315 of whom subsequently became pregnant), enrolled in a randomised trial of periconceptional iron supplementation. Data from trial arms were combined. Body Iron Stores (BIS) were calculated using an internal regression for ferritin to allow for inflammation. At recruitment 11% had low BIS (< 0 mg/kg). Continuous outcomes were fitted to a mixed-effects linear model with month, age and pregnancy status as fixed effect covariates and woman as a random effect. Dichotomous infection outcomes were fitted with analogous logistic regression models. RESULTS: Seasonal variation in malaria parasitaemia prevalence ranged between 18 and 70% in non-pregnant adolescents (P < 0.001), peaking at 81% in those who became pregnant. Seasonal variation occurred in antibiotic prescription rates (0.7-1.8 prescriptions/100 weekly visits, P < 0.001) and chorioamnionitis prevalence (range 15-68%, P = 0.026). Mucosal vaginal lactoferrin concentration was lower at the end of the wet season (range 2-22 μg/ml, P < 0.016), when chorioamnionitis was least frequent. BIS fluctuated annually by up to 53.2% per year around the mean BIS (5.1 mg/kg(2), range 4.1-6.8 mg/kg), with low BIS (< 0 mg/kg) of 8.7% in the dry and 9.8% in the wet seasons (P = 0.36). Median serum transferrin receptor increased during the wet season (P < 0.001). Higher hepcidin concentration in the wet season corresponded with rising malaria prevalence and use of prescriptions, but with no change in BIS. Mean Body Mass Index and Mid-Upper-Arm-Circumference values peaked mid-dry season (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis supports preventive treatment of malaria among adolescents 15-19 years to decrease their disease burden, especially asymptomatic malaria. As BIS were adequate in most adolescents despite seasonal malaria, a requirement for programmatic iron supplementation was not substantiated.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34579679
PMCID: PMC8477466},
keywords = {Abnormal vaginal flora, Adolescents, Bacterial vaginosis, Body Mass Index, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Child, Female, Humans, Iron, iron biomarkers, Malaria, Malaria/drug therapy/epidemiology, MUAC, Pregnancy, Seasons, Vagina},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Adolescents are considered at high risk of developing iron deficiency. Studies in children indicate that the prevalence of iron deficiency increased with malaria transmission, suggesting malaria seasonally may drive iron deficiency. This paper examines monthly seasonal infection patterns of malaria, abnormal vaginal flora, chorioamnionitis, antibiotic and antimalarial prescriptions, in relation to changes in iron biomarkers and nutritional indices in adolescents living in a rural area of Burkina Faso, in order to assess the requirement for seasonal infection control and nutrition interventions. METHODS: Data collected between April 2011 and January 2014 were available for an observational seasonal analysis, comprising scheduled visits for 1949 non-pregnant adolescents (≤19 years), (315 of whom subsequently became pregnant), enrolled in a randomised trial of periconceptional iron supplementation. Data from trial arms were combined. Body Iron Stores (BIS) were calculated using an internal regression for ferritin to allow for inflammation. At recruitment 11% had low BIS (< 0 mg/kg). Continuous outcomes were fitted to a mixed-effects linear model with month, age and pregnancy status as fixed effect covariates and woman as a random effect. Dichotomous infection outcomes were fitted with analogous logistic regression models. RESULTS: Seasonal variation in malaria parasitaemia prevalence ranged between 18 and 70% in non-pregnant adolescents (P < 0.001), peaking at 81% in those who became pregnant. Seasonal variation occurred in antibiotic prescription rates (0.7-1.8 prescriptions/100 weekly visits, P < 0.001) and chorioamnionitis prevalence (range 15-68%, P = 0.026). Mucosal vaginal lactoferrin concentration was lower at the end of the wet season (range 2-22 μg/ml, P < 0.016), when chorioamnionitis was least frequent. BIS fluctuated annually by up to 53.2% per year around the mean BIS (5.1 mg/kg(2), range 4.1-6.8 mg/kg), with low BIS (< 0 mg/kg) of 8.7% in the dry and 9.8% in the wet seasons (P = 0.36). Median serum transferrin receptor increased during the wet season (P < 0.001). Higher hepcidin concentration in the wet season corresponded with rising malaria prevalence and use of prescriptions, but with no change in BIS. Mean Body Mass Index and Mid-Upper-Arm-Circumference values peaked mid-dry season (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis supports preventive treatment of malaria among adolescents 15-19 years to decrease their disease burden, especially asymptomatic malaria. As BIS were adequate in most adolescents despite seasonal malaria, a requirement for programmatic iron supplementation was not substantiated. |
 | Adéla"ide Compaoré, Kadija Ouedraogo, Palwende R Boua, Daniella Watson, Sarah H Kehoe, Marie-Louise Newell, Halidou Tinto, Mary Barker, Hermann Sorgho, INPreP group ‘Men are not playing their roles’, maternal and child nutrition in Nanoro, Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Public Health Nutr., vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 3780–3790, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2727 1368-9800, (Place: England
PMID: 33000717). @article{Compaore2021-hg,
title = {'Men are not playing their roles', maternal and child nutrition in Nanoro, Burkina Faso},
author = {Ad\'{e}la"ide Compaor\'{e} and Kadija Ouedraogo and Palwende R Boua and Daniella Watson and Sarah H Kehoe and Marie-Louise Newell and Halidou Tinto and Mary Barker and Hermann Sorgho and INPreP group},
doi = {10.1017/S1368980020003365},
issn = {1475-2727 1368-9800},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-01},
urldate = {2021-08-01},
journal = {Public Health Nutr.},
volume = {24},
number = {12},
pages = {3780--3790},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To collect context-specific insights into maternal
and child health and nutrition issues, and to explore potential
solutions in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. DESIGN: Eleven focus groups
with men and women from eleven communities, facilitated by local
researchers. SETTING: The study took place in the Nanoro Health
district, in the West-Central part of Burkina Faso.
PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-six men (18-55 years) and women by age
group: 18-25; 26-34 and 35-55 years, participated in the group
discussions. RESULTS: Participants described barriers to optimal
nutrition of mothers and children related to a range of
community factors, with gender inequality as central. Major
themes in the discussions are related to poverty and challenges
generated by socially and culturally determined gender roles.
Sub-themes are women lacking access to food whilst pregnant and
having limited access to health care and opportunities to
generate income. Although communities believe that food
donations should be implemented to overcome this, they also
pointed out the need for enhancing their own food production,
requiring improved agricultural technologies. Given the
important role that women could play in reducing malnutrition,
these communities felt they needed to be empowered to do so and
supported by men. They also felt that this had to be carried out
in the context of an enhanced health care system. CONCLUSIONS:
Findings reported here highlight the importance of
nutrition-sensitive interventions and women's empowerment in
improving maternal and child nutrition. There is a need to
integrate a sustainable multi-sectorial approach which goes
beyond food support.},
note = {Place: England
PMID: 33000717},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Child, Child nutrition, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Community perceptions, Empowerment, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal nutrition, Mothers, Nutritional Status, Pregnancy, Qualitative research},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE: To collect context-specific insights into maternal
and child health and nutrition issues, and to explore potential
solutions in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. DESIGN: Eleven focus groups
with men and women from eleven communities, facilitated by local
researchers. SETTING: The study took place in the Nanoro Health
district, in the West-Central part of Burkina Faso.
PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-six men (18-55 years) and women by age
group: 18-25; 26-34 and 35-55 years, participated in the group
discussions. RESULTS: Participants described barriers to optimal
nutrition of mothers and children related to a range of
community factors, with gender inequality as central. Major
themes in the discussions are related to poverty and challenges
generated by socially and culturally determined gender roles.
Sub-themes are women lacking access to food whilst pregnant and
having limited access to health care and opportunities to
generate income. Although communities believe that food
donations should be implemented to overcome this, they also
pointed out the need for enhancing their own food production,
requiring improved agricultural technologies. Given the
important role that women could play in reducing malnutrition,
these communities felt they needed to be empowered to do so and
supported by men. They also felt that this had to be carried out
in the context of an enhanced health care system. CONCLUSIONS:
Findings reported here highlight the importance of
nutrition-sensitive interventions and women’s empowerment in
improving maternal and child nutrition. There is a need to
integrate a sustainable multi-sectorial approach which goes
beyond food support. |
 | Koudraogo Bienvenue Yaméogo, Rakiswendé Serge Yerbanga, Seydou Bienvenu Ouattara, Franck A Yao, Thierry Lef`evre, Issaka Zongo, Frederic Niki`ema, Yves Daniel Compaoré, Halidou Tinto, Daniel Chandramohan, Brian Greenwood, Adrien M G Belem, Anna Cohuet, Jean Bosco Ouédraogo Effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention plus azithromycin on Plasmodium falciparum transmission: gametocyte infectivity and mosquito fitness (Journal Article) In: Malar. J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 326, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2875, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34315475
PMCID: PMC8314489). @article{Yameogo2021-bb,
title = {Effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention plus azithromycin on Plasmodium falciparum transmission: gametocyte infectivity and mosquito fitness},
author = {Koudraogo Bienvenue Yam\'{e}ogo and Rakiswend\'{e} Serge Yerbanga and Seydou Bienvenu Ouattara and Franck A Yao and Thierry Lef`evre and Issaka Zongo and Frederic Niki`ema and Yves Daniel Compaor\'{e} and Halidou Tinto and Daniel Chandramohan and Brian Greenwood and Adrien M G Belem and Anna Cohuet and Jean Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo},
doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03855-3},
issn = {1475-2875},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-27},
urldate = {2021-07-27},
journal = {Malar. J.},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {326},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) consists of administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) + amodiaquine (AQ) at monthly intervals to children during the malaria transmission period. Whether the addition of azithromycin (AZ) to SMC could potentiate the benefit of the intervention was tested through a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The effect of SMC and the addition of AZ, on malaria transmission and on the life history traits of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes have been investigated. METHODS: The study included 438 children randomly selected from among participants in the SMC + AZ trial and 198 children from the same area who did not receive chemoprevention. For each participant in the SMC + AZ trial, blood was collected 14 to 21 days post treatment, examined for the presence of malaria sexual and asexual stages and provided as a blood meal to An. gambiae females using a direct membrane-feeding assay. RESULTS: The SMC treatment, with or without AZ, significantly reduced the prevalence of asexual Plasmodium falciparum (LRT X(2)(2) = 69, P < 0.0001) and the gametocyte prevalence (LRT X(2)(2) = 54, P < 0.0001). In addition, the proportion of infectious feeds (LRT X(2)(2) = 61, P < 0.0001) and the prevalence of oocysts among exposed mosquitoes (LRT X(2)(2) = 22.8, P < 0.001) was reduced when mosquitoes were fed on blood from treated children compared to untreated controls. The addition of AZ to SPAQ was associated with an increased proportion of infectious feeds (LRT X(2)(1) = 5.2, P = 0.02), suggesting a significant effect of AZ on gametocyte infectivity. There was a slight negative effect of SPAQ and SPAQ + AZ on mosquito survival compared to mosquitoes fed with blood from control children (LRTX(2)(2) = 330, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that SMC may contribute to a reduction in human to mosquito transmission of P. falciparum, and the reduced mosquito longevity observed for females fed on treated blood may increase the benefit of this intervention in control of malaria. The addition of AZ to SPAQ in SMC appeared to enhance the infectivity of gametocytes providing further evidence that this combination is not an appropriate intervention.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34315475
PMCID: PMC8314489},
keywords = {Amodiaquine/administration \& dosage, Animals, Antimalarials/administration \& dosage, Chemoprevention, Child, Culicidae/physiology, Drug Combinations, Falciparum/prevention \& control/transmission, Gametocytes, Genetic Fitness, Humans, Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum/physiology, Preschool, Pyrimethamine/administration \& dosage, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, Seasons, Sulfadoxine/administration \& dosage, Transmission},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) consists of administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) + amodiaquine (AQ) at monthly intervals to children during the malaria transmission period. Whether the addition of azithromycin (AZ) to SMC could potentiate the benefit of the intervention was tested through a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The effect of SMC and the addition of AZ, on malaria transmission and on the life history traits of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes have been investigated. METHODS: The study included 438 children randomly selected from among participants in the SMC + AZ trial and 198 children from the same area who did not receive chemoprevention. For each participant in the SMC + AZ trial, blood was collected 14 to 21 days post treatment, examined for the presence of malaria sexual and asexual stages and provided as a blood meal to An. gambiae females using a direct membrane-feeding assay. RESULTS: The SMC treatment, with or without AZ, significantly reduced the prevalence of asexual Plasmodium falciparum (LRT X(2)(2) = 69, P < 0.0001) and the gametocyte prevalence (LRT X(2)(2) = 54, P < 0.0001). In addition, the proportion of infectious feeds (LRT X(2)(2) = 61, P < 0.0001) and the prevalence of oocysts among exposed mosquitoes (LRT X(2)(2) = 22.8, P < 0.001) was reduced when mosquitoes were fed on blood from treated children compared to untreated controls. The addition of AZ to SPAQ was associated with an increased proportion of infectious feeds (LRT X(2)(1) = 5.2, P = 0.02), suggesting a significant effect of AZ on gametocyte infectivity. There was a slight negative effect of SPAQ and SPAQ + AZ on mosquito survival compared to mosquitoes fed with blood from control children (LRTX(2)(2) = 330, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that SMC may contribute to a reduction in human to mosquito transmission of P. falciparum, and the reduced mosquito longevity observed for females fed on treated blood may increase the benefit of this intervention in control of malaria. The addition of AZ to SPAQ in SMC appeared to enhance the infectivity of gametocytes providing further evidence that this combination is not an appropriate intervention. |
 | Navideh Noori, Karim Derra, Innocent Valea, Assaf P Oron, Aminata Welgo, Toussaint Rouamba, Palwende Romuald Boua, Athanase M Somé, Eli Rouamba, Edward Wenger, Hermann Sorgho, Halidou Tinto, Andre Lin Ouédraogo Patterns of child mortality in rural area of Burkina Faso: evidence from the Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) (Journal Article) In: BMC Public Health, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1425, 2021, ISSN: 1471-2458, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34281547
PMCID: PMC8287796). @article{Noori2021-te,
title = {Patterns of child mortality in rural area of Burkina Faso: evidence from the Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS)},
author = {Navideh Noori and Karim Derra and Innocent Valea and Assaf P Oron and Aminata Welgo and Toussaint Rouamba and Palwende Romuald Boua and Athanase M Som\'{e} and Eli Rouamba and Edward Wenger and Hermann Sorgho and Halidou Tinto and Andre Lin Ou\'{e}draogo},
doi = {10.1186/s12889-021-11483-4},
issn = {1471-2458},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-19},
urldate = {2021-07-19},
journal = {BMC Public Health},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {1425},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Half of global child deaths occur in sub-Saharan
Africa. Understanding child mortality patterns and risk factors
will help inform interventions to reduce this heavy toll. The
Nanoro Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS),
Burkina Faso was described previously, but patterns and
potential drivers of heterogeneity in child mortality in the
district had not been studied. Similar studies in other
districts indicated proximity to health facilities as a risk
factor, usually without distinction between facility types.
METHODS: Using Nanoro HDSS data from 2009 to 2013, we estimated
the association between under-5 mortality and proximity to
inpatient and outpatient health facilities, seasonality of
death, age group, and standard demographic risk factors.
RESULTS: Living in homes 40-60 min and > 60 min travel time from
an inpatient facility was associated with 1.52 (95% CI:
1.13-2.06) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.27-2.40) greater hazard of
under-5 mortality, respectively, than living in homes < 20 min
from an inpatient facility. No such association was found for
outpatient facilities. The wet season (July-November) was
associated with 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.53) higher under-5
mortality than the dry season (December-June), likely reflecting
the malaria season. CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the
importance of geographical proximity to health care, distinguish
between inpatient and outpatient facilities, and also show a
seasonal effect, probably driven by malaria.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34281547
PMCID: PMC8287796},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, child mortality, ChildHealth Facilities, Children under 5, Demographic surveillance, HDSS, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Nanoro, Spatial analysis, Travel},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Half of global child deaths occur in sub-Saharan
Africa. Understanding child mortality patterns and risk factors
will help inform interventions to reduce this heavy toll. The
Nanoro Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS),
Burkina Faso was described previously, but patterns and
potential drivers of heterogeneity in child mortality in the
district had not been studied. Similar studies in other
districts indicated proximity to health facilities as a risk
factor, usually without distinction between facility types.
METHODS: Using Nanoro HDSS data from 2009 to 2013, we estimated
the association between under-5 mortality and proximity to
inpatient and outpatient health facilities, seasonality of
death, age group, and standard demographic risk factors.
RESULTS: Living in homes 40-60 min and > 60 min travel time from
an inpatient facility was associated with 1.52 (95% CI:
1.13-2.06) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.27-2.40) greater hazard of
under-5 mortality, respectively, than living in homes < 20 min
from an inpatient facility. No such association was found for
outpatient facilities. The wet season (July-November) was
associated with 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.53) higher under-5
mortality than the dry season (December-June), likely reflecting
the malaria season. CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the
importance of geographical proximity to health care, distinguish
between inpatient and outpatient facilities, and also show a
seasonal effect, probably driven by malaria. |
 | Marie Jaspard, Mamadou Saliou Sow, Sylvain Juchet, Eric Dienderé, Beatrice Serra, Richard Kojan, Billy Sivahera, Caroline Martin, Moumouni Kinda, Hans-Joerg Lang, Fodé Bangaly Sako, Fodé Amara Traoré, Eudoxie Koumbem, Halidou Tinto, Adama Sanou, Apoline Sondo, Flavien Kaboré, Joseph Donamou, Jean-Paul-Yassa Guilavogui, Fanny Velardo, Brice Bicaba, Olivier Marcy, Augustin Augier, Sani Sayadi, Armel Poda, Sakoba Keita, Xavier Anglaret, Denis Malvy, COVISTA group Clinical presentation, outcomes and factors associated with mortality: A prospective study from three COVID-19 referral care centres in West Africa (Journal Article) In: Int. J. Infect. Dis., vol. 108, pp. 45–52, 2021, ISSN: 1878-3511 1201-9712, (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PMID: 34000419
PMCID: PMC8120805). @article{Jaspard2021-bl,
title = {Clinical presentation, outcomes and factors associated with mortality: A prospective study from three COVID-19 referral care centres in West Africa},
author = {Marie Jaspard and Mamadou Saliou Sow and Sylvain Juchet and Eric Diender\'{e} and Beatrice Serra and Richard Kojan and Billy Sivahera and Caroline Martin and Moumouni Kinda and Hans-Joerg Lang and Fod\'{e} Bangaly Sako and Fod\'{e} Amara Traor\'{e} and Eudoxie Koumbem and Halidou Tinto and Adama Sanou and Apoline Sondo and Flavien Kabor\'{e} and Joseph Donamou and Jean-Paul-Yassa Guilavogui and Fanny Velardo and Brice Bicaba and Olivier Marcy and Augustin Augier and Sani Sayadi and Armel Poda and Sakoba Keita and Xavier Anglaret and Denis Malvy and COVISTA group},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.024},
issn = {1878-3511 1201-9712},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-01},
urldate = {2021-07-01},
journal = {Int. J. Infect. Dis.},
volume = {108},
pages = {45--52},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The overall death toll from COVID-19 in Africa is
reported to be low but there is little individual-level evidence
on the severity of the disease. This study examined the clinical
spectrum and outcome of patients monitored in COVID-19 care
centres (CCCs) in two West-African countries. METHODS: Burkina
Faso and Guinea set up referral CCCs to hospitalise all
symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, regardless of the severity of
their symptoms. Data collected from hospitalised patients by
November 2020 are presented. RESULT: A total of 1,805 patients
(64% men, median age 41 years) were admitted with COVID-19.
Symptoms lasted for a median of 7 days (IQR 4-11). During
hospitalisation, 443 (25%) had a SpO2 < 94% at least once, 237
(13%) received oxygen and 266 (15%) took corticosteroids.
Mortality was 5% overall, and 1%, 5% and 14% in patients
aged <40, 40-59 and $geq$60 years, respectively. In
multivariable analysis, the risk of death was higher in men (aOR
2.0, 95% CI 1.1; 3.6), people aged $geq$60 years (aOR 2.9,
95% CI 1.7; 4.8) and those with chronic hypertension (aOR 2.1,
95% CI 1.2; 3.4). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is as severe in Africa
as elsewhere, and there must be more vigilance for common risk
factors such as older age and hypertension.},
note = {Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PMID: 34000419
PMCID: PMC8120805},
keywords = {Adult, Aged, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Comorbidities, COVID-19, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Mortality, Prospective Studies, Referral and Consultation, SARS-Cov-2, sub-Saharan Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVES: The overall death toll from COVID-19 in Africa is
reported to be low but there is little individual-level evidence
on the severity of the disease. This study examined the clinical
spectrum and outcome of patients monitored in COVID-19 care
centres (CCCs) in two West-African countries. METHODS: Burkina
Faso and Guinea set up referral CCCs to hospitalise all
symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, regardless of the severity of
their symptoms. Data collected from hospitalised patients by
November 2020 are presented. RESULT: A total of 1,805 patients
(64% men, median age 41 years) were admitted with COVID-19.
Symptoms lasted for a median of 7 days (IQR 4-11). During
hospitalisation, 443 (25%) had a SpO2 < 94% at least once, 237
(13%) received oxygen and 266 (15%) took corticosteroids.
Mortality was 5% overall, and 1%, 5% and 14% in patients
aged <40, 40-59 and $geq$60 years, respectively. In
multivariable analysis, the risk of death was higher in men (aOR
2.0, 95% CI 1.1; 3.6), people aged $geq$60 years (aOR 2.9,
95% CI 1.7; 4.8) and those with chronic hypertension (aOR 2.1,
95% CI 1.2; 3.4). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is as severe in Africa
as elsewhere, and there must be more vigilance for common risk
factors such as older age and hypertension. |
 | Mariken Wit, Matthew Cairns, Yves Daniel Compaoré, Issaka Sagara, Irene Kuepfer, Issaka Zongo, Amadou Barry, Modibo Diarra, Amadou Tapily, Samba Coumare, Ismaila Thera, Frederic Nikiema, R Serge Yerbanga, Rosemonde M Guissou, Halidou Tinto, Alassane Dicko, Daniel Chandramohan, Brian Greenwood, Jean Bosco Ouedraogo Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria (Journal Article) In: Malar. J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 274, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2875, (PMID: 34158054
PMCID: PMC8220741). @article{De_Wit2021-yi,
title = {Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria},
author = {Mariken Wit and Matthew Cairns and Yves Daniel Compaor\'{e} and Issaka Sagara and Irene Kuepfer and Issaka Zongo and Amadou Barry and Modibo Diarra and Amadou Tapily and Samba Coumare and Ismaila Thera and Frederic Nikiema and R Serge Yerbanga and Rosemonde M Guissou and Halidou Tinto and Alassane Dicko and Daniel Chandramohan and Brian Greenwood and Jean Bosco Ouedraogo},
doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03802-2},
issn = {1475-2875},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-22},
urldate = {2021-06-22},
journal = {Malar. J.},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {274},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria and malnutrition remain major problems in
Sahel countries, especially in young children. The direct effect
of malnutrition on malaria remains poorly understood, and may
have important implications for malaria control. In this study,
nutritional status and the association between malnutrition and
subsequent incidence of symptomatic malaria were examined in
children in Burkina Faso and Mali who received either
azithromycin or placebo, alongside seasonal malaria
chemoprevention. METHODS: Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was
measured in all 20,185 children who attended a screening visit
prior to the malaria transmission season in 2015. Prior to the
2016 malaria season, weight, height and MUAC were measured among
4149 randomly selected children. Height-for-age, weight-for-age,
weight-for-height, and MUAC-for-age were calculated as
indicators of nutritional status. Malaria incidence was measured
during the following rainy seasons. Multivariable random effects
Poisson models were created for each nutritional indicator to
study the effect of malnutrition on clinical malaria incidence
for each country. RESULTS: In both 2015 and 2016, nutritional
status prior to the malaria season was poor. The most prevalent
form of malnutrition in Burkina Faso was being underweight
(30.5%; 95% CI 28.6-32.6), whereas in Mali stunting was most
prevalent (27.5%; 95% CI 25.6-29.5). In 2016, clinical malaria
incidence was 675 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 613-744) in
Burkina Faso, and 1245 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1152-1347)
in Mali. There was some evidence that severe stunting was
associated with lower incidence of malaria in Mali (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.64-1.02; p = 0.08), but this association was not seen
in Burkina Faso. Being moderately underweight tended to be
associated with higher incidence of clinical malaria in Burkina Faso (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07), while this was the
case in Mali for moderate wasting (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07). However, these associations were not observed in
severely affected children, nor consistent between countries.
MUAC-for-age was not associated with malaria risk. CONCLUSIONS:
Both malnutrition and malaria were common in the study areas,
high despite high coverage of seasonal malaria chemoprevention
and long-lasting insecticidal nets. However, no strong or
consistent evidence was found for an association between any of
the nutritional indicators and the subsequent incidence of
clinical malaria.},
note = {PMID: 34158054
PMCID: PMC8220741},
keywords = {Acute malnutrition, Antimalarials/administration \& dosage, Azithromycin/administration \& dosage, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Child, Chronic malnutrition, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Malaria, Malaria/epidemiology/transmission, Male, Nutritional Status, Preschool, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, Seasons},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Malaria and malnutrition remain major problems in
Sahel countries, especially in young children. The direct effect
of malnutrition on malaria remains poorly understood, and may
have important implications for malaria control. In this study,
nutritional status and the association between malnutrition and
subsequent incidence of symptomatic malaria were examined in
children in Burkina Faso and Mali who received either
azithromycin or placebo, alongside seasonal malaria
chemoprevention. METHODS: Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was
measured in all 20,185 children who attended a screening visit
prior to the malaria transmission season in 2015. Prior to the
2016 malaria season, weight, height and MUAC were measured among
4149 randomly selected children. Height-for-age, weight-for-age,
weight-for-height, and MUAC-for-age were calculated as
indicators of nutritional status. Malaria incidence was measured
during the following rainy seasons. Multivariable random effects
Poisson models were created for each nutritional indicator to
study the effect of malnutrition on clinical malaria incidence
for each country. RESULTS: In both 2015 and 2016, nutritional
status prior to the malaria season was poor. The most prevalent
form of malnutrition in Burkina Faso was being underweight
(30.5%; 95% CI 28.6-32.6), whereas in Mali stunting was most
prevalent (27.5%; 95% CI 25.6-29.5). In 2016, clinical malaria
incidence was 675 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 613-744) in
Burkina Faso, and 1245 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1152-1347)
in Mali. There was some evidence that severe stunting was
associated with lower incidence of malaria in Mali (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.64-1.02; p = 0.08), but this association was not seen
in Burkina Faso. Being moderately underweight tended to be
associated with higher incidence of clinical malaria in Burkina Faso (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07), while this was the
case in Mali for moderate wasting (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07). However, these associations were not observed in
severely affected children, nor consistent between countries.
MUAC-for-age was not associated with malaria risk. CONCLUSIONS:
Both malnutrition and malaria were common in the study areas,
high despite high coverage of seasonal malaria chemoprevention
and long-lasting insecticidal nets. However, no strong or
consistent evidence was found for an association between any of
the nutritional indicators and the subsequent incidence of
clinical malaria. |
 | Paul Sondo, Biebo Bihoun, Bérenger Kabore, Marc Christian Tahita, Karim Derra, Toussaint Rouamba, Seydou Nakanabo Diallo, Adama Kazienga, Hamidou Ilboudo, Innocent Valea, Zekiba Tarnagda, Hermann Sorgho, Thierry Lefevre, Halidou Tinto Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites and mutations in the resistance genes Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 in Nanoro area, Burkina Faso. (Journal Article) In: Pan Afr. Med. J., vol. 39, pp. 118, 2021, ISSN: 1937-8688, (Copyright: Paul Sondo et al.
PMID: 34512854
PMCID: PMC8396377). @article{Sondo2021-qe,
title = {Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites and mutations in the resistance genes Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 in Nanoro area, Burkina Faso.},
author = {Paul Sondo and Biebo Bihoun and B\'{e}renger Kabore and Marc Christian Tahita and Karim Derra and Toussaint Rouamba and Seydou Nakanabo Diallo and Adama Kazienga and Hamidou Ilboudo and Innocent Valea and Zekiba Tarnagda and Hermann Sorgho and Thierry Lefevre and Halidou Tinto},
doi = {10.11604/pamj.2021.39.118.26959},
issn = {1937-8688},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-10},
urldate = {2021-06-10},
journal = {Pan Afr. Med. J.},
volume = {39},
pages = {118},
publisher = {Pan African Medical Journal},
abstract = {Introduction: from a genetic point of view P. falciparumis
extremely polymorphic. There is a variety of parasite strains
infesting individuals living in malaria endemic areas. The
purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between
polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites and Pfcrt and
Pfmdr1 gene mutations in Nanoro area, Burkina Faso. Methods:
blood samples from plasmodium carriers residing in the Nanoro
Health District were genotyped using nested PCR. Parasite gene
mutations associated with resistance to antimalarial drugs were
detected by PCR-RFLP. Results: samples of 672 patients were
successfully genotyped. No msp1and msp2allelic families
exhibited an increase in developing mutations in resistance
genes. However, mutant strains of these genes were present at
greater levels in monoclonal infections than in multi-clonal
infections. Conclusion: this study provides an overview of the
relationship between polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum
parasites and mutations in resistance genes. These data will
undoubtedly contribute to improving knowledge of the parasite´s
biology and its mechanisms of resistance to antimalarial drugs.},
note = {Copyright: Paul Sondo et al.
PMID: 34512854
PMCID: PMC8396377},
keywords = {Antimalarials/pharmacology, Burkina Faso, Drug Resistance, Falciparum/drug therapy/parasitology, GeneticRestriction Fragment Length, Genotype, Humans, Malaria, Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics, msp1, msp2, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics, Mutation, Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects/genetics/isolation \& purification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Protozoan Proteins/genetics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Introduction: from a genetic point of view P. falciparumis
extremely polymorphic. There is a variety of parasite strains
infesting individuals living in malaria endemic areas. The
purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between
polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites and Pfcrt and
Pfmdr1 gene mutations in Nanoro area, Burkina Faso. Methods:
blood samples from plasmodium carriers residing in the Nanoro
Health District were genotyped using nested PCR. Parasite gene
mutations associated with resistance to antimalarial drugs were
detected by PCR-RFLP. Results: samples of 672 patients were
successfully genotyped. No msp1and msp2allelic families
exhibited an increase in developing mutations in resistance
genes. However, mutant strains of these genes were present at
greater levels in monoclonal infections than in multi-clonal
infections. Conclusion: this study provides an overview of the
relationship between polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum
parasites and mutations in resistance genes. These data will
undoubtedly contribute to improving knowledge of the parasite´s
biology and its mechanisms of resistance to antimalarial drugs. |