2022
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Journal Articles
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| Silene Casari, Monica Di Paola, Elena Banci, Salou Diallo, Luca Scarallo, Sara Renzo, Agnese Gori, Sonia Renzi, Monica Paci, Quirijn Mast, Tal Pecht, Karim Derra, Berenger Kaboré, Halidou Tinto, Duccio Cavalieri, Paolo Lionetti Changing Dietary Habits: The Impact of Urbanization and Rising Socio-Economic Status in Families from Burkina Faso in Sub-Saharan Africa. (Journal Article) In: Nutrients, vol. 14, iss. 9, 2022, ISSN: 2072-6643. @article{nokey,
title = {Changing Dietary Habits: The Impact of Urbanization and Rising Socio-Economic Status in Families from Burkina Faso in Sub-Saharan Africa.},
author = {Silene Casari and Monica Di Paola and Elena Banci and Salou Diallo and Luca Scarallo and Sara Renzo and Agnese Gori and Sonia Renzi and Monica Paci and Quirijn Mast and Tal Pecht and Karim Derra and Berenger Kabor\'{e} and Halidou Tinto and Duccio Cavalieri and Paolo Lionetti},
doi = {10.3390/nu14091782},
issn = {2072-6643},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-01},
urldate = {2022-04-01},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {14},
issue = {9},
abstract = {(1) Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing the fastest urbanization worldwide. People in rural areas still have a traditional and rural lifestyle, whereas the Westernization of diet and lifestyle is already evident in urban areas. This study describes dietary habits of families in Burkina Faso living at different levels of urbanization. (2) Methods: Data on lifestyle, socio-economic conditions, health status and anthropometry were collected from 30 families living in rural villages, a small town and the capital city. A food frequency questionnaire and a 24 h recall diary were used to estimate dietary habits and macronutrients intake. (3) Results: The urban cohort showed a more diversified diet, with a higher intake of animal protein and, especially in children, a higher consumption of simple sugars. Fiber intake was significantly higher in the rural and semi-urbanized cohorts. As expected, overweight and obesity gradually increased with the level of urbanization. In semi-urbanized and urban families, we observed coexistence of under- and over-nutrition, whereas in rural families, a portion of children were wasted and stunted, and adults were underweight. (4) Conclusions: These three cohorts represent a model of the effect on diet of rural-to-urban migration. Rural diet and traditional habits are replaced by a Western-oriented diet when families move to urbanized areas. This dietary transition and increased socio-economic status in newly developing urban areas have a major impact on disease epidemiology, resembling the past evolution in Western countries.},
keywords = {*Economic Status, *Urbanization, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Feeding Behavior, fiber intake, Humans, rural diet, Rural Population, sub-Saharan Africa, Urban Population, urbanization, Western diet},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
(1) Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing the fastest urbanization worldwide. People in rural areas still have a traditional and rural lifestyle, whereas the Westernization of diet and lifestyle is already evident in urban areas. This study describes dietary habits of families in Burkina Faso living at different levels of urbanization. (2) Methods: Data on lifestyle, socio-economic conditions, health status and anthropometry were collected from 30 families living in rural villages, a small town and the capital city. A food frequency questionnaire and a 24 h recall diary were used to estimate dietary habits and macronutrients intake. (3) Results: The urban cohort showed a more diversified diet, with a higher intake of animal protein and, especially in children, a higher consumption of simple sugars. Fiber intake was significantly higher in the rural and semi-urbanized cohorts. As expected, overweight and obesity gradually increased with the level of urbanization. In semi-urbanized and urban families, we observed coexistence of under- and over-nutrition, whereas in rural families, a portion of children were wasted and stunted, and adults were underweight. (4) Conclusions: These three cohorts represent a model of the effect on diet of rural-to-urban migration. Rural diet and traditional habits are replaced by a Western-oriented diet when families move to urbanized areas. This dietary transition and increased socio-economic status in newly developing urban areas have a major impact on disease epidemiology, resembling the past evolution in Western countries. |
| Biébo Bihoun, Serge Henri Zango, Maminata Traoré-Coulibaly, Innocent Valea, Raffaella Ravinetto, Jean Pierre Van Geertruyden, Umberto D’Alessandro, Halidou Tinto, Annie Robert Age-modified factors associated with placental malaria in rural Burkina Faso. (Journal Article) In: BMC pregnancy and childbirth, vol. 22, iss. 1, pp. 248, 2022, ISSN: 1471-2393. @article{nokey,
title = {Age-modified factors associated with placental malaria in rural Burkina Faso.},
author = {Bi\'{e}bo Bihoun and Serge Henri Zango and Maminata Traor\'{e}-Coulibaly and Innocent Valea and Raffaella Ravinetto and Jean Pierre Van Geertruyden and Umberto D'Alessandro and Halidou Tinto and Annie Robert},
doi = {10.1186/s12884-022-04568-4},
issn = {1471-2393},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-01},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {BMC pregnancy and childbirth},
volume = {22},
issue = {1},
pages = {248},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria in pregnancy can result in placental infection with fetal implications. This study aimed at assessing placental malaria (PM) prevalence and its associated factors in a cohort of pregnant women with peripheral malaria and their offspring. METHOD: The data were collected in the framework of a clinical trial on treatments for malaria in pregnant women . Placental malaria (PM) was diagnosed by histopathological detection of parasites and/or malaria pigment on placenta biopsies taken at delivery. Factors associated with PM were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Out of 745 biopsies examined, PM was diagnosed in 86.8 % of women. Acute, chronic and past PM were retrieved in 11 (1.5 %), 170 (22.8 %), and 466 (62.6 %) women, respectively. A modifying effect was observed in the association of gravidity or anemia at the study start with pooled PM (presence of parasites and/or malaria pigment). In women under 30, gravidity ≤ 2 was associated with an increased prevalence of pooled PM but in women aged 30 years or more, gravidity was no more associated with pooled PM (OR 6.81, 95 % CI 3.18 - 14.60; and OR 0.52, 95 % CI 0.10 - 2.76, respectively). Anemia was associated with pooled PM in women under 30 (OR 1.96, 95 % CI 1.03 - 3.72) but not in women aged 30 years or more (OR 0.68, 95 % CI 0.31 - 1.49). Similarly, the association of gravidity with past-chronic PM depended also on age. A higher prevalence of active PM was observed in women under 30 presenting with symptomatic malaria (OR 3.79, 95 % CI 1.55 - 9.27), while there was no significant increase in the prevalence of active PM (presence of parasites only) in women with symptomatic malaria when aged 30 years or more (OR 0.42, 95 % CI 0.10 - 1.75). In women with chronic PM, the prevalence of low birth weight or prematurity was the highest (31.2 %) as compared with past PM or no PM. CONCLUSION: Despite the rapid diagnosis and efficacious treatment of peripheral infection, the prevalence of placental malaria remained high in women with P. falciparum peripheral infection in Nanoro, especially in younger women This underlines the importance of preventive measures in this specific group.},
keywords = {*Malaria, *Malaria/epidemiology, Adult, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Falciparum/parasitology, Female, Gravidity, Humans, Malaria, placenta, Placenta/parasitology, Pregnancy, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Malaria in pregnancy can result in placental infection with fetal implications. This study aimed at assessing placental malaria (PM) prevalence and its associated factors in a cohort of pregnant women with peripheral malaria and their offspring. METHOD: The data were collected in the framework of a clinical trial on treatments for malaria in pregnant women . Placental malaria (PM) was diagnosed by histopathological detection of parasites and/or malaria pigment on placenta biopsies taken at delivery. Factors associated with PM were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Out of 745 biopsies examined, PM was diagnosed in 86.8 % of women. Acute, chronic and past PM were retrieved in 11 (1.5 %), 170 (22.8 %), and 466 (62.6 %) women, respectively. A modifying effect was observed in the association of gravidity or anemia at the study start with pooled PM (presence of parasites and/or malaria pigment). In women under 30, gravidity ≤ 2 was associated with an increased prevalence of pooled PM but in women aged 30 years or more, gravidity was no more associated with pooled PM (OR 6.81, 95 % CI 3.18 – 14.60; and OR 0.52, 95 % CI 0.10 – 2.76, respectively). Anemia was associated with pooled PM in women under 30 (OR 1.96, 95 % CI 1.03 – 3.72) but not in women aged 30 years or more (OR 0.68, 95 % CI 0.31 – 1.49). Similarly, the association of gravidity with past-chronic PM depended also on age. A higher prevalence of active PM was observed in women under 30 presenting with symptomatic malaria (OR 3.79, 95 % CI 1.55 – 9.27), while there was no significant increase in the prevalence of active PM (presence of parasites only) in women with symptomatic malaria when aged 30 years or more (OR 0.42, 95 % CI 0.10 – 1.75). In women with chronic PM, the prevalence of low birth weight or prematurity was the highest (31.2 %) as compared with past PM or no PM. CONCLUSION: Despite the rapid diagnosis and efficacious treatment of peripheral infection, the prevalence of placental malaria remained high in women with P. falciparum peripheral infection in Nanoro, especially in younger women This underlines the importance of preventive measures in this specific group. |
| Moussa Lingani, Serge Henri Zango, Innocent Valéa, Georges Somé, Maïmouna Sanou, Sékou O. Samadoulougou, Serge Ouoba, Eli Rouamba, Annie Robert, Michèle Dramaix, Philippe Donnen, Halidou Tinto Low birth weight and its associated risk factors in a rural health district of Burkina Faso: a cross sectional study. (Journal Article) In: BMC pregnancy and childbirth, vol. 22, iss. 1, pp. 228, 2022, ISSN: 1471-2393. @article{nokey,
title = {Low birth weight and its associated risk factors in a rural health district of Burkina Faso: a cross sectional study.},
author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge Henri Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Georges Som\'{e} and Ma\"{i}mouna Sanou and S\'{e}kou O. Samadoulougou and Serge Ouoba and Eli Rouamba and Annie Robert and Mich\`{e}le Dramaix and Philippe Donnen and Halidou Tinto},
doi = {10.1186/s12884-022-04554-w},
issn = {1471-2393},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-01},
urldate = {2022-03-01},
journal = {BMC pregnancy and childbirth},
volume = {22},
issue = {1},
pages = {228},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major factor of neonate mortality that particularly affects developing countries. However, the scarcity of data to support decision making to reduce LBW occurrence is a major obstacle in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of LBW at the Yako health district in a rural area of Burkina Faso. METHODS: A cross sectional survey was conducted at four peripheral health centers among mothers and their newly delivered babies. The mothers' socio-demographic and obstetrical characteristics were collected by face-to-face interview or by review of antenatal care books. Maternal malaria was tested by standard microscopy and neonates' birth weights were documented. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with LBW. A p-value \< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of 600 neonates examined, the prevalence of low birth weight was 11.0%. Adjustment for socio-demographic characteristic, medical conditions, obstetrical history, malaria prevention measures by multivariate logistic regression found that being a primigravid mother (aOR = 1.8, [95% CI: 1.1-3.0]), the presence of malaria infection (aOR = 1.9, [95% CI: 1.1-3.5]), the uptake of less than three doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp-SP) (aOR = 2.2, [95% CI: 1.3-3.9]), the presence of maternal fever at the time of delivery (aOR = 2.8, [95% CI: 1.5-5.3]) and being a female neonate (aOR = 1.9, [95% CI: 1.1-3.3]) were independently associated with an increased risk of LBW occurrence. The number of antenatal visits performed by the mother during her pregnancy did not provide any direct protection for low birth weight. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of LBW remained high in the study area. Maternal malaria, fever and low uptake of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine doses were significantly associated with LBW and should be adequately addressed by public health interventions.},
keywords = {*Antimalarials/therapeutic use, *Rural Health, Associated factors, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Newborn, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Rural area},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major factor of neonate mortality that particularly affects developing countries. However, the scarcity of data to support decision making to reduce LBW occurrence is a major obstacle in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of LBW at the Yako health district in a rural area of Burkina Faso. METHODS: A cross sectional survey was conducted at four peripheral health centers among mothers and their newly delivered babies. The mothers’ socio-demographic and obstetrical characteristics were collected by face-to-face interview or by review of antenatal care books. Maternal malaria was tested by standard microscopy and neonates’ birth weights were documented. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with LBW. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of 600 neonates examined, the prevalence of low birth weight was 11.0%. Adjustment for socio-demographic characteristic, medical conditions, obstetrical history, malaria prevention measures by multivariate logistic regression found that being a primigravid mother (aOR = 1.8, [95% CI: 1.1-3.0]), the presence of malaria infection (aOR = 1.9, [95% CI: 1.1-3.5]), the uptake of less than three doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp-SP) (aOR = 2.2, [95% CI: 1.3-3.9]), the presence of maternal fever at the time of delivery (aOR = 2.8, [95% CI: 1.5-5.3]) and being a female neonate (aOR = 1.9, [95% CI: 1.1-3.3]) were independently associated with an increased risk of LBW occurrence. The number of antenatal visits performed by the mother during her pregnancy did not provide any direct protection for low birth weight. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of LBW remained high in the study area. Maternal malaria, fever and low uptake of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine doses were significantly associated with LBW and should be adequately addressed by public health interventions. |
| Paul Sondo, Marc Christian Tahita, Hamidou Ilboudo, Toussaint Rouamba, Karim Derra, Gauthier Tougri, Florence Ouédraogo, Béatrice Marie Adélaïde Konseibo, Eli Roamba, Sabina Dahlström Otienoburu, Bérenger Kaboré, Kalynn Kennon, Kadija Ouédraogo, Wend-Timbe-Noma Arlette Raïssa Zongo, Fadima Yaya Bocoum, Kasia Stepniewska, Mehul Dhorda, Philippe J. Guérin, Halidou Tinto Boosting the impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) through simultaneous screening and treatment of household members of children receiving SMC in Burkina Faso: a protocol for a randomized open label trial (Journal Article) In: Archives of Public Health, vol. 80, iss. 1, pp. 41, 2022, ISSN: 2049-3258. @article{Sondo2022,
title = {Boosting the impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) through simultaneous screening and treatment of household members of children receiving SMC in Burkina Faso: a protocol for a randomized open label trial},
author = {Paul Sondo and Marc Christian Tahita and Hamidou Ilboudo and Toussaint Rouamba and Karim Derra and Gauthier Tougri and Florence Ou\'{e}draogo and B\'{e}atrice Marie Ad\'{e}la\"{i}de Konseibo and Eli Roamba and Sabina Dahlstr\"{o}m Otienoburu and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Kalynn Kennon and Kadija Ou\'{e}draogo and Wend-Timbe-Noma Arlette Ra\"{i}ssa Zongo and Fadima Yaya Bocoum and Kasia Stepniewska and Mehul Dhorda and Philippe J. Gu\'{e}rin and Halidou Tinto},
url = {https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13690-022-00800-x},
doi = {10.1186/s13690-022-00800-x},
issn = {2049-3258},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Public Health},
volume = {80},
issue = {1},
pages = {41},
abstract = {BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health concern in sub-Sahara Africa. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is one of the most important preventive interventions. Despite its implementation, the burden of malaria is still very high in children under five years old in Burkina Faso, suggesting that the expected impact of this promising strategy might not be attained. Development of innovative strategies to improve the efficacy of these existing malaria control measures is essential. In such context, we postulate that screening and treatment of malaria in household members of children receiving SMC could greatly improve the impact of SMC intervention and reduce malaria transmission in endemic settings. METHODS This randomized superiority trial will be carried out in the Nanoro health district, Burkina Faso. The unit of randomisation will be the household and all eligible children from a household will be allocated to the same study group. Households with 3-59 months old children will be assigned to either (i) control group (SMC alone) or (ii) intervention (SMC+ screening of household members with standard Histidin Rich Protein Rapid Diagnostic Test (HRP2-RDT) and treatment if positive). The sample size will be 526 isolated households per arm, i.e., around 1052 children under SMC coverage and an expected 1315 household members. Included children will be followed-up for 24 months to fully cover two consecutive malaria transmission seasons and two SMC cycles. Children will be actively followed-up during the malaria transmission seasons while in the dry seasons the follow-up will be passive. CONCLUSION The study will respond to a major public health concern by providing evidence of the efficacy of an innovative strategy to boost the impact of SMC intervention.},
keywords = {Africa, Amodiaquine, Burkina Faso, Chemoprevention, Dihydro artemisinin Piperaquine, Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health concern in sub-Sahara Africa. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is one of the most important preventive interventions. Despite its implementation, the burden of malaria is still very high in children under five years old in Burkina Faso, suggesting that the expected impact of this promising strategy might not be attained. Development of innovative strategies to improve the efficacy of these existing malaria control measures is essential. In such context, we postulate that screening and treatment of malaria in household members of children receiving SMC could greatly improve the impact of SMC intervention and reduce malaria transmission in endemic settings. METHODS This randomized superiority trial will be carried out in the Nanoro health district, Burkina Faso. The unit of randomisation will be the household and all eligible children from a household will be allocated to the same study group. Households with 3-59 months old children will be assigned to either (i) control group (SMC alone) or (ii) intervention (SMC+ screening of household members with standard Histidin Rich Protein Rapid Diagnostic Test (HRP2-RDT) and treatment if positive). The sample size will be 526 isolated households per arm, i.e., around 1052 children under SMC coverage and an expected 1315 household members. Included children will be followed-up for 24 months to fully cover two consecutive malaria transmission seasons and two SMC cycles. Children will be actively followed-up during the malaria transmission seasons while in the dry seasons the follow-up will be passive. CONCLUSION The study will respond to a major public health concern by providing evidence of the efficacy of an innovative strategy to boost the impact of SMC intervention. |
| Daniel Valia, Brecht Ingelbeen, Bérenger Kaboré, Ibrahima Karama, Marjan Peeters, Palpouguini Lompo, Erika Vlieghe, Annelies Post, Janneke Cox, Quirijn Mast, Annie Robert, Marianne A. B. Sande, Hector Rodriguez Villalobos, Andre Ven, Halidou Tinto, Jan Jacobs Use of WATCH antibiotics prior to presentation to the hospital in rural Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, vol. 11, iss. 1, pp. 59, 2022, ISSN: 2047-2994. @article{Valia2022,
title = {Use of WATCH antibiotics prior to presentation to the hospital in rural Burkina Faso},
author = {Daniel Valia and Brecht Ingelbeen and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Ibrahima Karama and Marjan Peeters and Palpouguini Lompo and Erika Vlieghe and Annelies Post and Janneke Cox and Quirijn Mast and Annie Robert and Marianne A. B. Sande and Hector Rodriguez Villalobos and Andre Ven and Halidou Tinto and Jan Jacobs},
url = {https://aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13756-022-01098-8},
doi = {10.1186/s13756-022-01098-8},
issn = {2047-2994},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Antimicrobial Resistance \& Infection Control},
volume = {11},
issue = {1},
pages = {59},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing. To control AMR, WHO recommends monitoring antibiotic use, in particular Watch antibiotics. These are critically important antibiotics, with restricted use because at risk of becoming ineffective due to increasing AMR. We investigated pre-hospital antibiotic use in rural Burkina Faso. METHODS: During 2016-2017, we collected data from patients aged \> 3 months presenting with severe acute fever to the rural hospital of Nanoro Health District, Burkina Faso, including antibiotic use in the two weeks prior to consultation or hospitalization. We analysed reported antibiotic use by applying the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve classification. RESULTS: Of 920 febrile participants (63.0% ≤ 14 years), pre-hospital antibiotic use was reported by 363 (39.5%). Among these 363, microbiological diagnoses were available for 275 (75.8%) patients, of whom 162 (58.9%) were non-bacterial infections. Use of more than one antibiotic was reported by 58/363 (16.0%) participants. Of 491 self-referred patients who did not previously visit a primary health care center, 131 (26.7%) reported antibiotic use. Of 424 antibiotics reported, 265 (62.5%) were Access and 159 (37.5%) Watch antibiotics. Watch antibiotic use was more frequent among patients \> 14 year olds (51.1%) compared to those 0-14 year old (30.7%, p \< 0.001) and among referrals from the primary health care centers (42.2%) compared to self-referred patients (28.1%, p = 0.004). Most frequently reported Watch antibiotics were ceftriaxone (114, 71.7%) and ciprofloxacin (32, 20.1%). CONCLUSION: The reported frequent use of Watch group antibiotics among febrile patients prior to presentation to the hospital in rural Burkina Faso highlights the need to develop targeted interventions to improve antibiotic use in community settings as part of strengthening antibiotic stewardship in low- and middle-income countries. This should include facilitating referral, access to qualified prescribers and diagnostic tools in rural primary health care centers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02669823. Registration date was February 1, 2016.},
keywords = {Antimicrobial resistance, AWaRe, Burkina Faso, Community antibiotic use},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: In low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing. To control AMR, WHO recommends monitoring antibiotic use, in particular Watch antibiotics. These are critically important antibiotics, with restricted use because at risk of becoming ineffective due to increasing AMR. We investigated pre-hospital antibiotic use in rural Burkina Faso. METHODS: During 2016-2017, we collected data from patients aged > 3 months presenting with severe acute fever to the rural hospital of Nanoro Health District, Burkina Faso, including antibiotic use in the two weeks prior to consultation or hospitalization. We analysed reported antibiotic use by applying the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve classification. RESULTS: Of 920 febrile participants (63.0% ≤ 14 years), pre-hospital antibiotic use was reported by 363 (39.5%). Among these 363, microbiological diagnoses were available for 275 (75.8%) patients, of whom 162 (58.9%) were non-bacterial infections. Use of more than one antibiotic was reported by 58/363 (16.0%) participants. Of 491 self-referred patients who did not previously visit a primary health care center, 131 (26.7%) reported antibiotic use. Of 424 antibiotics reported, 265 (62.5%) were Access and 159 (37.5%) Watch antibiotics. Watch antibiotic use was more frequent among patients > 14 year olds (51.1%) compared to those 0-14 year old (30.7%, p < 0.001) and among referrals from the primary health care centers (42.2%) compared to self-referred patients (28.1%, p = 0.004). Most frequently reported Watch antibiotics were ceftriaxone (114, 71.7%) and ciprofloxacin (32, 20.1%). CONCLUSION: The reported frequent use of Watch group antibiotics among febrile patients prior to presentation to the hospital in rural Burkina Faso highlights the need to develop targeted interventions to improve antibiotic use in community settings as part of strengthening antibiotic stewardship in low- and middle-income countries. This should include facilitating referral, access to qualified prescribers and diagnostic tools in rural primary health care centers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02669823. Registration date was February 1, 2016. |
| Charlie Franck Alfred Compaoré, Jacques Kaboré, Hamidou Ilboudo, Lian Francesca Thomas, Laura Cristina Falzon, Mohamed Bamba, Hassane Sakande, Minayégninrin Koné, Dramane Kaba, Clarisse Bougouma, Ilboudo Adama, Ouedraogo Amathe, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, Eric Maurice Fèvre, Philippe Büscher, Veerle Lejon, Vincent Jamonneau Journal Article) In: Parasite, vol. 29, pp. 25, 2022, ISSN: 1776-1042. @article{nokey,
title = {Monitoring the elimination of \textit{gambiense} human African trypanosomiasis in the historical focus of Bati\'{e}, South\textendashWest Burkina Faso},
author = {Charlie Franck Alfred Compaor\'{e} and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Lian Francesca Thomas and Laura Cristina Falzon and Mohamed Bamba and Hassane Sakande and Minay\'{e}gninrin Kon\'{e} and Dramane Kaba and Clarisse Bougouma and Ilboudo Adama and Ouedraogo Amathe and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem and Eric Maurice F\`{e}vre and Philippe B\"{u}scher and Veerle Lejon and Vincent Jamonneau},
url = {https://www.parasite-journal.org/10.1051/parasite/2022024},
doi = {10.1051/parasite/2022024},
issn = {1776-1042},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Parasite},
volume = {29},
pages = {25},
abstract = {\<p\> The World Health Organisation has targeted the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) as zero transmission by 2030. Continued surveillance needs to be in place for early detection of re-emergent cases. In this context, the performance of diagnostic tests and testing algorithms for detection of the re-emergence of \<italic\>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense\</italic\> HAT remains to be assessed. We carried out a door-to-door active medical survey for HAT in the historical focus of Bati\'{e}, South\textendashWest Burkina Faso. Screening was done using three rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Two laboratory tests (ELISA/ \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> and immune trypanolysis) and parasitological examination were performed on RDT positives only. In total, 5883 participants were screened, among which 842 (14%) tested positive in at least one RDT. Blood from 519 RDT positives was examined microscopically but no trypanosomes were observed. The HAT Sero- \<italic\>K\</italic\> -Set test showed the lowest specificity of 89%, while the specificities of SD Bioline HAT and rHAT Sero-Strip were 92% and 99%, respectively. The specificity of ELISA/ \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> and trypanolysis was 99% (98\textendash99%) and 100% (99\textendash100%), respectively. Our results suggest that \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> is no longer circulating in the study area and that zero transmission has probably been attained. While a least cost analysis is still required, our study showed that RDT preselection followed by trypanolysis may be a useful strategy for post-elimination surveillance in Burkina Faso. \</p\>},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Diagnosis, Dried blood spot, Elimination, Human African trypanosomiasis, Rapid diagnostic test, Specificity, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
<p> The World Health Organisation has targeted the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) as zero transmission by 2030. Continued surveillance needs to be in place for early detection of re-emergent cases. In this context, the performance of diagnostic tests and testing algorithms for detection of the re-emergence of <italic>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</italic> HAT remains to be assessed. We carried out a door-to-door active medical survey for HAT in the historical focus of Batié, South–West Burkina Faso. Screening was done using three rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Two laboratory tests (ELISA/ <italic>T. b. gambiense</italic> and immune trypanolysis) and parasitological examination were performed on RDT positives only. In total, 5883 participants were screened, among which 842 (14%) tested positive in at least one RDT. Blood from 519 RDT positives was examined microscopically but no trypanosomes were observed. The HAT Sero- <italic>K</italic> -Set test showed the lowest specificity of 89%, while the specificities of SD Bioline HAT and rHAT Sero-Strip were 92% and 99%, respectively. The specificity of ELISA/ <italic>T. b. gambiense</italic> and trypanolysis was 99% (98–99%) and 100% (99–100%), respectively. Our results suggest that <italic>T. b. gambiense</italic> is no longer circulating in the study area and that zero transmission has probably been attained. While a least cost analysis is still required, our study showed that RDT preselection followed by trypanolysis may be a useful strategy for post-elimination surveillance in Burkina Faso. </p> |
| Moussa Lingani, Serge H. Zango, Innocent Valéa, Maïmouna Sanou, Serge Ouoba, Sékou Samadoulougou, Annie Robert, Halidou Tinto, Michèle Dramaix, Philippe Donnen Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among first antenatal care attendees in rural Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Tropical Medicine and Health, vol. 50, iss. 1, pp. 49, 2022, ISSN: 1349-4147. @article{Lingani2022,
title = {Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among first antenatal care attendees in rural Burkina Faso},
author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge H. Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Ma\"{i}mouna Sanou and Serge Ouoba and S\'{e}kou Samadoulougou and Annie Robert and Halidou Tinto and Mich\`{e}le Dramaix and Philippe Donnen},
url = {https://tropmedhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41182-022-00442-3},
doi = {10.1186/s41182-022-00442-3},
issn = {1349-4147},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Tropical Medicine and Health},
volume = {50},
issue = {1},
pages = {49},
abstract = {BACKGROUND The WHO recommends continuous surveillance of malaria in endemic countries to identify areas and populations most in need for targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malaria and its associated factors among first antenatal care (ANC) attendees in rural Burkina Faso. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2019 and September 2020 at the Yako health district and included 1067 first ANC attendees. Sociodemographic, gyneco-obstetric, and medical characteristics were collected. Malaria was diagnosed by standard microscopy and hemoglobin level was measured by spectrophotometry. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with malaria infection. RESULTS Overall malaria infection prevalence was 16.1% (167/1039). Among malaria-positive women, the geometric mean parasite density was 1204 [95% confidence interval (CI) 934-1552] parasites/µL and the proportion of very low (1-199 parasites/µL), low (200-999 parasites/µL), medium (1000-9999 parasites/µL) and high (≥ 10,000 parasites/µL) parasite densities were 15.0%, 35.3%, 38.3% and 11.4%, respectively. Age \< 20 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.2; 95% CI 1.4-3.5), anemia (hemoglobin \< 11 g/deciliter) (aOR: 3.4; 95% CI 2.2-5.5), the non-use of bed net (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and the absence of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (aOR: 5.8; 95% CI 2.1-24.5) were positively associated with malaria infection. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that one out of six pregnant women had a microscopy-detected P. falciparum malaria infection at their first ANC visit. Strengthening malaria prevention strategies during the first ANC visit is needed to prevent unfavorable birth outcomes.},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, First antenatal care visit, Malaria, Pregnancy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND The WHO recommends continuous surveillance of malaria in endemic countries to identify areas and populations most in need for targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malaria and its associated factors among first antenatal care (ANC) attendees in rural Burkina Faso. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2019 and September 2020 at the Yako health district and included 1067 first ANC attendees. Sociodemographic, gyneco-obstetric, and medical characteristics were collected. Malaria was diagnosed by standard microscopy and hemoglobin level was measured by spectrophotometry. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with malaria infection. RESULTS Overall malaria infection prevalence was 16.1% (167/1039). Among malaria-positive women, the geometric mean parasite density was 1204 [95% confidence interval (CI) 934-1552] parasites/µL and the proportion of very low (1-199 parasites/µL), low (200-999 parasites/µL), medium (1000-9999 parasites/µL) and high (≥ 10,000 parasites/µL) parasite densities were 15.0%, 35.3%, 38.3% and 11.4%, respectively. Age < 20 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.2; 95% CI 1.4-3.5), anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/deciliter) (aOR: 3.4; 95% CI 2.2-5.5), the non-use of bed net (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and the absence of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (aOR: 5.8; 95% CI 2.1-24.5) were positively associated with malaria infection. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that one out of six pregnant women had a microscopy-detected P. falciparum malaria infection at their first ANC visit. Strengthening malaria prevention strategies during the first ANC visit is needed to prevent unfavorable birth outcomes. |
| Laetitia Duval, Elisa Sicuri, Susana Scott, Maminata Traoré, Bunja Daabo, Halidou Tinto, Koen Peeters Grietens, Umberto d’Alessando, Henk Schallig, Petra Mens, Lesong Conteh Household costs associated with seeking malaria treatment during pregnancy: evidence from Burkina Faso and The Gambia (Journal Article) In: Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, vol. 20, iss. 1, pp. 42, 2022, ISSN: 1478-7547. @article{Duval2022,
title = {Household costs associated with seeking malaria treatment during pregnancy: evidence from Burkina Faso and The Gambia},
author = {Laetitia Duval and Elisa Sicuri and Susana Scott and Maminata Traor\'{e} and Bunja Daabo and Halidou Tinto and Koen Peeters Grietens and Umberto d’Alessando and Henk Schallig and Petra Mens and Lesong Conteh},
url = {https://resource-allocation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12962-022-00376-x},
doi = {10.1186/s12962-022-00376-x},
issn = {1478-7547},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation},
volume = {20},
issue = {1},
pages = {42},
abstract = {BACKGROUND Malaria in pregnancy remains a major health threat in sub-Saharan Africa to both expectant mothers and their unborn children. To date, there have been very few studies focused on the out of pocket costs associated with seeking treatment for malaria during pregnancy. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Burkina Faso and The Gambia to estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with outpatient consultations (OP) and inpatient admissions (IP). Direct costs were broken down into medical (admission fees, drug charges, and laboratory fees), and non-medical (transportation and food). Indirect costs reflected time lost due to illness. In total, 220 pregnant women in Burkina Faso and 263 in The Gambia were interviewed about their treatment seeking decisions, expenditure, time use and financial support associated with each malaria episode. RESULTS In Burkina Faso 6.7% sought treatment elsewhere before their OP visits, and 27.1% before their IP visits. This compares to 1.3% for OP and 25.92% for IP in The Gambia. Once at the facility, the average direct costs (out of pocket) were 3.91US$ for an OP visit and 15.38US$ of an IP visit in Burkina Faso, and 0.80US$ for an OP visit and 9.19US$ for an IP visit in The Gambia. Inpatient direct costs were driven by drug costs (9.27US$) and transportation costs (2.72US$) in Burkina Faso and drug costs (3.44 US$) and food costs (3.44 US$) in The Gambia. Indirect costs of IP visits, valued as the opportunity cost of time lost due to the illness, were estimated at 11.85US$ in Burkina Faso and 4.07US$ in The Gambia. The difference across the two countries was mainly due to the longer time of hospitalization in Burkina Faso compared to The Gambia. In The Gambia, the vast majority of pregnant women reported receiving financial support from family members living abroad, most commonly siblings (65%). CONCLUSIONS High malaria treatment costs are incurred by pregnant women in Burkina Faso and The Gambia. Beyond the medical costs of fees and drugs, costs in terms of transport, food and time are significant drivers. The role of remittances, particularly their effect on accessing health care, needs further investigation.},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Cost, Gambia, Malaria, Pregnancy, Remittances, sub-Saharan Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND Malaria in pregnancy remains a major health threat in sub-Saharan Africa to both expectant mothers and their unborn children. To date, there have been very few studies focused on the out of pocket costs associated with seeking treatment for malaria during pregnancy. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Burkina Faso and The Gambia to estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with outpatient consultations (OP) and inpatient admissions (IP). Direct costs were broken down into medical (admission fees, drug charges, and laboratory fees), and non-medical (transportation and food). Indirect costs reflected time lost due to illness. In total, 220 pregnant women in Burkina Faso and 263 in The Gambia were interviewed about their treatment seeking decisions, expenditure, time use and financial support associated with each malaria episode. RESULTS In Burkina Faso 6.7% sought treatment elsewhere before their OP visits, and 27.1% before their IP visits. This compares to 1.3% for OP and 25.92% for IP in The Gambia. Once at the facility, the average direct costs (out of pocket) were 3.91US$ for an OP visit and 15.38US$ of an IP visit in Burkina Faso, and 0.80US$ for an OP visit and 9.19US$ for an IP visit in The Gambia. Inpatient direct costs were driven by drug costs (9.27US$) and transportation costs (2.72US$) in Burkina Faso and drug costs (3.44 US$) and food costs (3.44 US$) in The Gambia. Indirect costs of IP visits, valued as the opportunity cost of time lost due to the illness, were estimated at 11.85US$ in Burkina Faso and 4.07US$ in The Gambia. The difference across the two countries was mainly due to the longer time of hospitalization in Burkina Faso compared to The Gambia. In The Gambia, the vast majority of pregnant women reported receiving financial support from family members living abroad, most commonly siblings (65%). CONCLUSIONS High malaria treatment costs are incurred by pregnant women in Burkina Faso and The Gambia. Beyond the medical costs of fees and drugs, costs in terms of transport, food and time are significant drivers. The role of remittances, particularly their effect on accessing health care, needs further investigation. |
| Annelies S. Post, I. Guiraud, M. Peeters, P. Lompo, S. Ombelet, I. Karama, S. Yougbaré, Z. Garba, E. Rouamba, H. Tinto, Jan Jacobs Escherichia coli from urine samples of pregnant women as an indicator for antimicrobial resistance in the community: a field study from rural Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, vol. 11, iss. 1, pp. 112, 2022, ISSN: 2047-2994. @article{Post2022,
title = {Escherichia coli from urine samples of pregnant women as an indicator for antimicrobial resistance in the community: a field study from rural Burkina Faso},
author = {Annelies S. Post and I. Guiraud and M. Peeters and P. Lompo and S. Ombelet and I. Karama and S. Yougbar\'{e} and Z. Garba and E. Rouamba and H. Tinto and Jan Jacobs},
url = {https://aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13756-022-01142-7},
doi = {10.1186/s13756-022-01142-7},
issn = {2047-2994},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Antimicrobial Resistance \& Infection Control},
volume = {11},
issue = {1},
pages = {112},
abstract = {BACKGROUND In low- and middle-income countries, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is mostly hospital-based and, in view of poor access to clinical microbiology, biased to more resistant pathogens. We aimed to assess AMR among Escherichia coli isolates obtained from urine cultures of pregnant women as an indicator for community AMR and compared the AMR results with those from E. coli isolates obtained from febrile patients in previously published clinical surveillance studies conducted within the same population in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso. We furthermore explored feasibility of adding urine culture to standard antenatal care in a rural sub-Saharan African setting. METHODS Between October 2016-September 2018, midstream urine samples collected as part of routine antenatal care in Nanoro district were cultured by a dipslide method and screened for antibiotic residues. Significant growth was defined as a pure culture of Enterobacterales at counts of ≥ 104 colony forming units/ml. RESULTS Significant growth was observed in 202/5934 (3.4%) cultures; E. coli represented 155 (76.7%) of isolates. Among E. coli isolates, resistance rates to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin were respectively 65.8%, 64.4% 16.2%, compared to 89.5%, 89.5% and 62.5% among E. coli from clinical isolates (n = 48 of which 45 from blood cultures). Proportions of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers and multidrug resistance were 3.2% and 5.2% among E. coli isolates from urine in pregnant women versus 35.4%, and 60.4% respectively among clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS The E. coli isolates obtained from healthy pregnant women had significantly lower AMR rates compared to clinical E. coli isolates, probably reflecting the lower antibiotic pressure in the pregnant women population. Adding urine culture to the routine urine analysis (dipstick) of antenatal care was feasible. The dipslide culture method was affordable and user-friendly and allowed on-site inoculation and easy transport; challenges were contamination (midstream urine sampling) and the semi-quantitative reading. Provided confirmation of the present findings in other settings, E. coli from urine samples in pregnant women may be a potential indicator for benchmarking, comparing, and monitoring community AMR rates across populations over different countries and regions.},
keywords = {ANC, Antimicrobial resistance, Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Burkina Faso, Community, Escherichia coli, Pregnancy, Rural Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND In low- and middle-income countries, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is mostly hospital-based and, in view of poor access to clinical microbiology, biased to more resistant pathogens. We aimed to assess AMR among Escherichia coli isolates obtained from urine cultures of pregnant women as an indicator for community AMR and compared the AMR results with those from E. coli isolates obtained from febrile patients in previously published clinical surveillance studies conducted within the same population in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso. We furthermore explored feasibility of adding urine culture to standard antenatal care in a rural sub-Saharan African setting. METHODS Between October 2016-September 2018, midstream urine samples collected as part of routine antenatal care in Nanoro district were cultured by a dipslide method and screened for antibiotic residues. Significant growth was defined as a pure culture of Enterobacterales at counts of ≥ 104 colony forming units/ml. RESULTS Significant growth was observed in 202/5934 (3.4%) cultures; E. coli represented 155 (76.7%) of isolates. Among E. coli isolates, resistance rates to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin were respectively 65.8%, 64.4% 16.2%, compared to 89.5%, 89.5% and 62.5% among E. coli from clinical isolates (n = 48 of which 45 from blood cultures). Proportions of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers and multidrug resistance were 3.2% and 5.2% among E. coli isolates from urine in pregnant women versus 35.4%, and 60.4% respectively among clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS The E. coli isolates obtained from healthy pregnant women had significantly lower AMR rates compared to clinical E. coli isolates, probably reflecting the lower antibiotic pressure in the pregnant women population. Adding urine culture to the routine urine analysis (dipstick) of antenatal care was feasible. The dipslide culture method was affordable and user-friendly and allowed on-site inoculation and easy transport; challenges were contamination (midstream urine sampling) and the semi-quantitative reading. Provided confirmation of the present findings in other settings, E. coli from urine samples in pregnant women may be a potential indicator for benchmarking, comparing, and monitoring community AMR rates across populations over different countries and regions. |
| Issaka Sagara, Issaka Zongo, Matthew Cairns, Rakiswendé Serge Yerbanga, Almahamoudou Mahamar, Frédéric Nikièma, Amadou Tapily, Frédéric Sompougdou, Modibo Diarra, Charles Zoungrana, Djibrilla Issiaka, Alassane Haro, Koualy Sanogo, Abdoul Aziz Sienou, Mahamadou Kaya, Seydou Traore, Ismaila Thera, Kalifa Diarra, Amagana Dolo, Irene Kuepfer, Paul Snell, Paul Milligan, Christian Ockenhouse, Opokua Ofori-Anyinam, Halidou Tinto, Abdoulaye Djimde, Jean Bosco Ouedraogo, Alassane Dicko, Daniel Chandramohan, Brian Greenwood The Anti-Circumsporozoite Antibody Response of Children to Seasonal Vaccination With the RTS,S/AS01E Malaria Vaccine (Journal Article) In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 75, iss. 4, pp. 613-622, 2022, ISSN: 1058-4838. @article{Sagara2022,
title = {The Anti-Circumsporozoite Antibody Response of Children to Seasonal Vaccination With the RTS,S/AS01E Malaria Vaccine},
author = {Issaka Sagara and Issaka Zongo and Matthew Cairns and Rakiswend\'{e} Serge Yerbanga and Almahamoudou Mahamar and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Niki\`{e}ma and Amadou Tapily and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Sompougdou and Modibo Diarra and Charles Zoungrana and Djibrilla Issiaka and Alassane Haro and Koualy Sanogo and Abdoul Aziz Sienou and Mahamadou Kaya and Seydou Traore and Ismaila Thera and Kalifa Diarra and Amagana Dolo and Irene Kuepfer and Paul Snell and Paul Milligan and Christian Ockenhouse and Opokua Ofori-Anyinam and Halidou Tinto and Abdoulaye Djimde and Jean Bosco Ouedraogo and Alassane Dicko and Daniel Chandramohan and Brian Greenwood},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/75/4/613/6459764},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciab1017},
issn = {1058-4838},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases},
volume = {75},
issue = {4},
pages = {613-622},
abstract = {BACKGROUND A trial in African children showed that combining seasonal vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01E vaccine with seasonal malaria chemoprevention reduced the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria compared with either intervention given alone. Here, we report on the anti-circumsporozoite antibody response to seasonal RTS,S/AS01E vaccination in children in this trial. METHODS Sera from a randomly selected subset of children collected before and 1 month after 3 priming doses of RTS,S/AS01E and before and 1 month after 2 seasonal booster doses were tested for anti-circumsporozoite antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association between post-vaccination antibody titer and incidence of malaria was explored. RESULTS A strong anti-circumsporozoite antibody response to 3 priming doses of RTS,S/AS01E was seen (geometric mean titer, 368.9 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units/mL), but titers fell prior to the first booster dose. A strong antibody response to an annual, pre-malaria transmission season booster dose was observed, but this was lower than after the primary vaccination series and lower after the second than after the first booster dose (ratio of geometric mean rise, 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], .57-.77). Children whose antibody response was in the upper tercile post-vaccination had a lower incidence of malaria during the following year than children in the lowest tercile (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, .28-.66). CONCLUSIONS Seasonal vaccination with RTS,S/AS01E induced a strong booster antibody response that was lower after the second than after the first booster dose. The diminished antibody response to the second booster dose was not associated with diminished efficacy. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03143218.},
keywords = {anti-circumsporozoite antibody, Burkina Faso, Mali, RTS, S/AS01E vaccine, seasonal vaccination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND A trial in African children showed that combining seasonal vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01E vaccine with seasonal malaria chemoprevention reduced the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria compared with either intervention given alone. Here, we report on the anti-circumsporozoite antibody response to seasonal RTS,S/AS01E vaccination in children in this trial. METHODS Sera from a randomly selected subset of children collected before and 1 month after 3 priming doses of RTS,S/AS01E and before and 1 month after 2 seasonal booster doses were tested for anti-circumsporozoite antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association between post-vaccination antibody titer and incidence of malaria was explored. RESULTS A strong anti-circumsporozoite antibody response to 3 priming doses of RTS,S/AS01E was seen (geometric mean titer, 368.9 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units/mL), but titers fell prior to the first booster dose. A strong antibody response to an annual, pre-malaria transmission season booster dose was observed, but this was lower than after the primary vaccination series and lower after the second than after the first booster dose (ratio of geometric mean rise, 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], .57-.77). Children whose antibody response was in the upper tercile post-vaccination had a lower incidence of malaria during the following year than children in the lowest tercile (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, .28-.66). CONCLUSIONS Seasonal vaccination with RTS,S/AS01E induced a strong booster antibody response that was lower after the second than after the first booster dose. The diminished antibody response to the second booster dose was not associated with diminished efficacy. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03143218. |
| Jeoffray Diendéré, Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba, Sibraogo Kiemtoré, Olivier Ouahamin Sombié, Philippe Fayemendy, Pierre Jésus, Athanase Millogo, Aly Savadogo, Halidou Tinto, Jean-Claude Desport Associations between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso: results from the first WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey (Journal Article) In: Public Health Nutrition, vol. 25, iss. 8, pp. 2214-2224, 2022, ISSN: 1368-9800. @article{nokey,
title = {Associations between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso: results from the first WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey},
author = {Jeoffray Diend\'{e}r\'{e} and Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba and Sibraogo Kiemtor\'{e} and Olivier Ouahamin Sombi\'{e} and Philippe Fayemendy and Pierre J\'{e}sus and Athanase Millogo and Aly Savadogo and Halidou Tinto and Jean-Claude Desport},
url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980021004080/type/journal_article},
doi = {10.1017/S1368980021004080},
issn = {1368-9800},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Public Health Nutrition},
volume = {25},
issue = {8},
pages = {2214-2224},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE To explore the relationships between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso by using nationally representative data. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional secondary study of primary data obtained by the 2013 WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance survey conducted in Burkina Faso. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using Student's t test, ANOVA, the χ2 test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. SETTING All thirteen Burkinab\`{e} regions were categorised using quartiles of urbanisation rates. PARTICIPANTS The participants were 1730 rural women aged 25-64 years. RESULTS The prevalence of underweight was 16·0 %, and 24·1 % of participants experienced dental problems during the 12-month period. The women with dental problems were more frequently underweight (19·9 % and 14·7 %; P \< 0·05) and had a lower mean BMI (21·1 ± 3·2 and 21·6 ± 3·7 kg/m2, P \< 0·01) than those without dental problems. More risk factors for underweight were observed in less urbanised regions among elderly individuals (\> 49 years old) and smokeless tobacco users. Age \> 49 years, professions with inconsistent income, a lack of education, smokeless tobacco use and low BMI were factors that were significantly associated with dental problems, while residency in a low-urbanisation area was a protective factor. CONCLUSION The prevalence of underweight in rural Burkinab\`{e} women is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and women with dental problems are more frequently affected than those without dental problems. Public health measures for the prevention of these disorders should specifically target women aged over 49 years and smokeless tobacco users.},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Dental problems, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural women, Underweight},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationships between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso by using nationally representative data. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional secondary study of primary data obtained by the 2013 WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance survey conducted in Burkina Faso. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using Student’s t test, ANOVA, the χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. SETTING All thirteen Burkinabè regions were categorised using quartiles of urbanisation rates. PARTICIPANTS The participants were 1730 rural women aged 25-64 years. RESULTS The prevalence of underweight was 16·0 %, and 24·1 % of participants experienced dental problems during the 12-month period. The women with dental problems were more frequently underweight (19·9 % and 14·7 %; P < 0·05) and had a lower mean BMI (21·1 ± 3·2 and 21·6 ± 3·7 kg/m2, P < 0·01) than those without dental problems. More risk factors for underweight were observed in less urbanised regions among elderly individuals (> 49 years old) and smokeless tobacco users. Age > 49 years, professions with inconsistent income, a lack of education, smokeless tobacco use and low BMI were factors that were significantly associated with dental problems, while residency in a low-urbanisation area was a protective factor. CONCLUSION The prevalence of underweight in rural Burkinabè women is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and women with dental problems are more frequently affected than those without dental problems. Public health measures for the prevention of these disorders should specifically target women aged over 49 years and smokeless tobacco users. |
| Yacouba Sawadogo, Lokman Galal, Essia Belarbi, Arsène Zongo, Grit Schubert, Fabian Leendertz, Abdoulie Kanteh, Abdul Karim Sesay, Annette Erhart, Anne-Laure Bañuls, Zékiba Tarnagda, Sylvain Godreuil, Halidou Tinto, Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Western Burkina Faso, West Africa (Journal Article) In: Viruses, vol. 14, iss. 12, pp. 2788, 2022, ISSN: 1999-4915. @article{Sawadogo2022,
title = {Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Western Burkina Faso, West Africa},
author = {Yacouba Sawadogo and Lokman Galal and Essia Belarbi and Ars\`{e}ne Zongo and Grit Schubert and Fabian Leendertz and Abdoulie Kanteh and Abdul Karim Sesay and Annette Erhart and Anne-Laure Ba\~{n}uls and Z\'{e}kiba Tarnagda and Sylvain Godreuil and Halidou Tinto and Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2788},
doi = {10.3390/v14122788},
issn = {1999-4915},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {14},
issue = {12},
pages = {2788},
abstract = {\<p\>Background: After its initial detection in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly, causing successive epidemic waves worldwide. This study aims to provide a genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Burkina Faso. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-seven SARS-CoV-2 genomes obtained from PCR-positive nasopharyngeal samples (PCR cycle threshold score \< 35) collected between 5 May 2020, and 31 January 2022 were analyzed. Genomic sequences were assigned to phylogenetic clades using NextClade and to Pango lineages using pangolin. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were performed to determine the geographical sources and time of virus introduction in Burkina Faso. Results: The analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomes can be assigned to 10 phylogenetic clades and 27 Pango lineages already described worldwide. Our analyses revealed the important role of cross-border human mobility in the successive SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Burkina Faso from neighboring countries. Conclusions: This study provides additional insights into the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in West Africa. It highlights the importance of land travel in the spread of the virus and the need to rapidly implement preventive policies. Regional cross-border collaborations and the adherence of the general population to government policies are key to prevent new epidemic waves.\</p\>},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, COVID-19, genomic epidemiology, SARS-Cov-2, West Africa, Whole Genome Sequencing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
<p>Background: After its initial detection in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly, causing successive epidemic waves worldwide. This study aims to provide a genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Burkina Faso. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-seven SARS-CoV-2 genomes obtained from PCR-positive nasopharyngeal samples (PCR cycle threshold score < 35) collected between 5 May 2020, and 31 January 2022 were analyzed. Genomic sequences were assigned to phylogenetic clades using NextClade and to Pango lineages using pangolin. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were performed to determine the geographical sources and time of virus introduction in Burkina Faso. Results: The analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomes can be assigned to 10 phylogenetic clades and 27 Pango lineages already described worldwide. Our analyses revealed the important role of cross-border human mobility in the successive SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Burkina Faso from neighboring countries. Conclusions: This study provides additional insights into the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in West Africa. It highlights the importance of land travel in the spread of the virus and the need to rapidly implement preventive policies. Regional cross-border collaborations and the adherence of the general population to government policies are key to prevent new epidemic waves.</p> |
| Massa Achille Bonko, Marc Christian Tahita, Francois Kiemde, Palpouguini Lompo, Petra F. Mens, Halidou Tinto, Henk. D. F. H. Schallig Diagnostic Performance of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein-2 Antigen-Specific Rapid Diagnostic Test in Children at the Peripheral Health Care Level in Nanoro (Burkina Faso) (Journal Article) In: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, vol. 7, iss. 12, pp. 440, 2022, ISSN: 2414-6366. @article{Bonko2022,
title = {Diagnostic Performance of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein-2 Antigen-Specific Rapid Diagnostic Test in Children at the Peripheral Health Care Level in Nanoro (Burkina Faso)},
author = {Massa Achille Bonko and Marc Christian Tahita and Francois Kiemde and Palpouguini Lompo and Petra F. Mens and Halidou Tinto and Henk. D. F. H. Schallig},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/12/440},
doi = {10.3390/tropicalmed7120440},
issn = {2414-6366},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease},
volume = {7},
issue = {12},
pages = {440},
abstract = {\<p\>(1) Background: Malaria control has strongly benefited from the implementation of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The malaria RDTs used in Burkina Faso, as per the recommendation of the National Malaria Control Program, are based on the detection of histidine-rich protein-2 (PfHRP2) specific to Plasmodium falciparum, which is the principal plasmodial species causing malaria in Burkina Faso. However, there is increasing concern about the diagnostic performance of these RDTs in field situations, and so constant monitoring of their accuracy is warranted. (2) Methods: A prospective study was performed in the health district of Nanoro, where 391 febrile children under 5 years with an axillary temperature ≥37.5 °C presenting at participating health facilities were subjected to testing for malaria. The HRP2-based RDT and expert microscopy were used to determine the diagnostic performance of the former. Retrospectively, the correctness of the antimalaria prescriptions was reviewed. (3) Results: Taking expert malaria microscopy as the gold standard, the sensitivity of the employed RDT was 98.5% and the specificity 40.5%, with a moderate agreement between the RDT testing and microscopy. In total, 21.7% of cases received an inappropriate antimalarial treatment based on a retrospective assessment with expert microscopy results. (4) Conclusion: Malaria remains one of the principal causes of febrile illness in Burkina Faso. Testing with HRP2-based RDTs is inaccurate, in particular, due to the low specificity, which results in an over-prescription of antimalarials, with emerging antimalarial drug resistance as an important risk and many children not being treated for potential other causes of fever.\</p\>},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, diagnostics, febrile diseases, Malaria},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
<p>(1) Background: Malaria control has strongly benefited from the implementation of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The malaria RDTs used in Burkina Faso, as per the recommendation of the National Malaria Control Program, are based on the detection of histidine-rich protein-2 (PfHRP2) specific to Plasmodium falciparum, which is the principal plasmodial species causing malaria in Burkina Faso. However, there is increasing concern about the diagnostic performance of these RDTs in field situations, and so constant monitoring of their accuracy is warranted. (2) Methods: A prospective study was performed in the health district of Nanoro, where 391 febrile children under 5 years with an axillary temperature ≥37.5 °C presenting at participating health facilities were subjected to testing for malaria. The HRP2-based RDT and expert microscopy were used to determine the diagnostic performance of the former. Retrospectively, the correctness of the antimalaria prescriptions was reviewed. (3) Results: Taking expert malaria microscopy as the gold standard, the sensitivity of the employed RDT was 98.5% and the specificity 40.5%, with a moderate agreement between the RDT testing and microscopy. In total, 21.7% of cases received an inappropriate antimalarial treatment based on a retrospective assessment with expert microscopy results. (4) Conclusion: Malaria remains one of the principal causes of febrile illness in Burkina Faso. Testing with HRP2-based RDTs is inaccurate, in particular, due to the low specificity, which results in an over-prescription of antimalarials, with emerging antimalarial drug resistance as an important risk and many children not being treated for potential other causes of fever.</p> |
2021
|
Journal Articles
|
| Moussa Lingani, Serge H Zango, Innocent Valéa, Massa Dit A Bonko, Sékou O Samadoulougou, Toussaint Rouamba, Marc C Tahita, Ma"imouna Sanou, Annie Robert, Halidou Tinto, Philippe Donnen, Mich`ele Dramaix Malaria and curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Trop. Med. Health, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 90, 2021, ISSN: 1348-8945 1349-4147, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34736524
PMCID: PMC8567650). @article{Lingani2021-is,
title = {Malaria and curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso},
author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge H Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Massa Dit A Bonko and S\'{e}kou O Samadoulougou and Toussaint Rouamba and Marc C Tahita and Ma"imouna Sanou and Annie Robert and Halidou Tinto and Philippe Donnen and Mich`ele Dramaix},
doi = {10.1186/s41182-021-00381-5},
issn = {1348-8945 1349-4147},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-01},
urldate = {2021-11-01},
journal = {Trop. Med. Health},
volume = {49},
number = {1},
pages = {90},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria and sexually transmitted/reproductive tract
infections (STI/RTI) are leading and preventable causes of low
birthweight in sub-Saharan Africa. Reducing their impact on
pregnancy outcomes requires efficient interventions that can be
easily integrated into the antenatal care package. The paucity
of data on malaria and STI/RTI coinfection, however, limits
efforts to control these infections. This study aimed to
determine the prevalence and associated factors of malaria and
STI/RTI coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 402
pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the Yako health
district. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected,
and pregnant women were tested for peripheral malaria by
microscopy. Hemoglobin levels were also measured by
spectrophotometry and curable bacterial STI/RTI were tested on
cervico-vaginal swabs using rapid diagnostic test for chlamydia
and syphilis, and Gram staining for bacterial vaginosis. A
multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the
association of malaria and STI/RTI coinfection with the
characteristics of included pregnant women. RESULTS: The
prevalence of malaria and at least one STI/RTI coinfection was
12.9% (95% confidence interval, CI: [9.8-16.7]), malaria and
bacterial vaginosis coinfection was 12.2% (95% CI:
[9.3-15.9]), malaria and chlamydial coinfection was 1.6% (95%
CI: [0.6-3.8]). No coinfection was reported for malaria and
syphilis. The individual prevalence was 17.2%, 7.2%, 0.6%,
67.7% and 73.3%, respectively, for malaria infection,
chlamydia, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis and STI/RTI
combination. Only 10% of coinfections were symptomatic, and
thus, 90% of women with coinfection would have been missed by
the symptoms-based diagnostic approach. In the multivariate analysis, the first pregnancy (aOR = 2.4 [95% CI: 1.2-4.7]) was
the only factor significantly associated with malaria and
STI/RTI coinfection. Clinical symptoms were not associated with
malaria and STI/RTI coinfection. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of
malaria and curable STI/RTI coinfection was high among pregnant
women. The poor performance of the clinical symptoms to predict
coinfection suggests that alternative interventions are needed.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34736524
PMCID: PMC8567650},
keywords = {Bacterial vaginosis, Burkina Faso, Chlamydia, Coinfection, Malaria, Pregnancy, Syphilis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Malaria and sexually transmitted/reproductive tract
infections (STI/RTI) are leading and preventable causes of low
birthweight in sub-Saharan Africa. Reducing their impact on
pregnancy outcomes requires efficient interventions that can be
easily integrated into the antenatal care package. The paucity
of data on malaria and STI/RTI coinfection, however, limits
efforts to control these infections. This study aimed to
determine the prevalence and associated factors of malaria and
STI/RTI coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 402
pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the Yako health
district. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected,
and pregnant women were tested for peripheral malaria by
microscopy. Hemoglobin levels were also measured by
spectrophotometry and curable bacterial STI/RTI were tested on
cervico-vaginal swabs using rapid diagnostic test for chlamydia
and syphilis, and Gram staining for bacterial vaginosis. A
multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the
association of malaria and STI/RTI coinfection with the
characteristics of included pregnant women. RESULTS: The
prevalence of malaria and at least one STI/RTI coinfection was
12.9% (95% confidence interval, CI: [9.8-16.7]), malaria and
bacterial vaginosis coinfection was 12.2% (95% CI:
[9.3-15.9]), malaria and chlamydial coinfection was 1.6% (95%
CI: [0.6-3.8]). No coinfection was reported for malaria and
syphilis. The individual prevalence was 17.2%, 7.2%, 0.6%,
67.7% and 73.3%, respectively, for malaria infection,
chlamydia, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis and STI/RTI
combination. Only 10% of coinfections were symptomatic, and
thus, 90% of women with coinfection would have been missed by
the symptoms-based diagnostic approach. In the multivariate analysis, the first pregnancy (aOR = 2.4 [95% CI: 1.2-4.7]) was
the only factor significantly associated with malaria and
STI/RTI coinfection. Clinical symptoms were not associated with
malaria and STI/RTI coinfection. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of
malaria and curable STI/RTI coinfection was high among pregnant
women. The poor performance of the clinical symptoms to predict
coinfection suggests that alternative interventions are needed. |
| Serge Ouoba, Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwinde Ouedraogo, Moussa Lingani, Bunthen E, Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain, Ko Ko, Shintaro Nagashima, Aya Sugiyama, Tomoyuki Akita, Halidou Tinto, Junko Tanaka Epidemiologic profile of hepatitis C virus infection and genotype distribution in Burkina Faso: a systematic review with meta-analysis (Journal Article) In: BMC Infect. Dis., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1126, 2021, ISSN: 1471-2334, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34724902
PMCID: PMC8561994). @article{Ouoba2021-ug,
title = {Epidemiologic profile of hepatitis C virus infection and genotype distribution in Burkina Faso: a systematic review with meta-analysis},
author = {Serge Ouoba and Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwinde Ouedraogo and Moussa Lingani and Bunthen E and Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain and Ko Ko and Shintaro Nagashima and Aya Sugiyama and Tomoyuki Akita and Halidou Tinto and Junko Tanaka},
doi = {10.1186/s12879-021-06817-x},
issn = {1471-2334},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-01},
urldate = {2021-11-01},
journal = {BMC Infect. Dis.},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {1126},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Detailed characteristics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infection in Burkina Faso are scarce. The main aim of this study
was to assess HCV seroprevalence in various settings and
populations at risk in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2020.
Secondary objectives included the prevalence of HCV Ribonucleic
acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes. METHODS: A
systematic database search, supplemented by a manual search, was
conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and African Index
Medicus. Studies reporting HCV seroprevalence data in low and
high-risk populations in Burkina Faso were included, and a
random-effects meta-analysis was applied. Risk of bias was
assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute checklist. RESULTS:
Low-risk populations were examined in 31 studies involving a
total of 168,151 subjects, of whom 8330 were positive for HCV
antibodies. Six studies included a total of 1484 high-risk
persons, and 96 had antibodies to HCV. The pooled seroprevalence
in low-risk populations was 3.72% (95% CI: 3.20-4.28) and
4.75% (95% CI: 1.79-8.94) in high-risk groups. A
non-significant decreasing trend was observed over the study
period. Seven studies tested HCV RNA in a total of 4759
individuals at low risk for HCV infection, and 81 were positive.
The meta-analysis of HCV RNA yielded a pooled prevalence of
1.65% (95% CI: 0.74-2.89%) in low-risk populations, which is
assumed to be indicative of HCV prevalence in the general
population of Burkina Faso and suggests that about 301,174
people are active HCV carriers in the country. Genotypes 2 and 1
were the most frequent, with 60.3% and 25.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: HCV seroprevalence is intermediate in Burkina Faso
and indicates the need to implement effective control
strategies. There is a paucity of data at the national level and
for rural and high-risk populations. General population
screening and linkage to care are recommended, with special
attention to rural and high-risk populations.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34724902
PMCID: PMC8561994},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Genotype, Hepacivirus/genetics, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C/epidemiology, Humans, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Seroprevalence, Systematic review},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Detailed characteristics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infection in Burkina Faso are scarce. The main aim of this study
was to assess HCV seroprevalence in various settings and
populations at risk in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2020.
Secondary objectives included the prevalence of HCV Ribonucleic
acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes. METHODS: A
systematic database search, supplemented by a manual search, was
conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and African Index
Medicus. Studies reporting HCV seroprevalence data in low and
high-risk populations in Burkina Faso were included, and a
random-effects meta-analysis was applied. Risk of bias was
assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute checklist. RESULTS:
Low-risk populations were examined in 31 studies involving a
total of 168,151 subjects, of whom 8330 were positive for HCV
antibodies. Six studies included a total of 1484 high-risk
persons, and 96 had antibodies to HCV. The pooled seroprevalence
in low-risk populations was 3.72% (95% CI: 3.20-4.28) and
4.75% (95% CI: 1.79-8.94) in high-risk groups. A
non-significant decreasing trend was observed over the study
period. Seven studies tested HCV RNA in a total of 4759
individuals at low risk for HCV infection, and 81 were positive.
The meta-analysis of HCV RNA yielded a pooled prevalence of
1.65% (95% CI: 0.74-2.89%) in low-risk populations, which is
assumed to be indicative of HCV prevalence in the general
population of Burkina Faso and suggests that about 301,174
people are active HCV carriers in the country. Genotypes 2 and 1
were the most frequent, with 60.3% and 25.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: HCV seroprevalence is intermediate in Burkina Faso
and indicates the need to implement effective control
strategies. There is a paucity of data at the national level and
for rural and high-risk populations. General population
screening and linkage to care are recommended, with special
attention to rural and high-risk populations. |
| Tim Starck, Caroline A Bulstra, Halidou Tinto, Toussaint Rouamba, Ali Sie, Thomas Jaenisch, Till Bärnighausen The effect of malaria on haemoglobin concentrations: a nationally representative household fixed-effects study of 17,599 children under 5 years of age in Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Malar. J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 416, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2875, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34688294
PMCID: PMC8542337). @article{Starck2021-mb,
title = {The effect of malaria on haemoglobin concentrations: a nationally representative household fixed-effects study of 17,599 children under 5 years of age in Burkina Faso},
author = {Tim Starck and Caroline A Bulstra and Halidou Tinto and Toussaint Rouamba and Ali Sie and Thomas Jaenisch and Till B\"{a}rnighausen},
doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03948-z},
issn = {1475-2875},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-23},
urldate = {2021-10-23},
journal = {Malar. J.},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {416},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although the association between malaria and anaemia
is widely studied in patient cohorts, the
population-representative causal effects of malaria on anaemia
remain unknown. This study estimated the malaria-induced
decrease in haemoglobin levels among young children in
malaria-endemic Burkina Faso. METHODS: The study was based on
pooled individual-level nationally representative health survey
data (2010-2011, 2014, 2017-2018) from 17 599 children under 5
years of age. This data was used to estimate the effects of
malaria on haemoglobin concentration, controlling for household
fixed-effects, age, and sex in a series of regression analyses.
The fixed-effects controlled for observed and unobserved
confounding on the household level and allowed to determine the
impact of malaria infection status on haemoglobin levels and
anaemia prevalence. Furthermore, the diagnostic results from
microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests were leveraged to provide
a quasi-longitudinal perspective of acute and prolonged effects
after malaria infection. RESULTS: The prevalence of both malaria
(survey prevalence ranging from 17.4% to 65.2%) and anaemia
(survey prevalence ranging from 74% to 88.2%) was very high in
the included surveys. Malaria was estimated to significantly
reduce haemoglobin levels, with an overall effect of - 7.5 g/dL
(95% CI - 8.5, - 6.5). Acute malaria resulted in a - 7.7 g/dL
(95% CI - 8.8, - 6.6) decrease in haemoglobin levels. Recent
malaria without current parasitaemia decreased haemoglobin
concentration by - 7.1 g/dL (95% CI - 8.3, - 5.9). The
in-sample predicted prevalence of severe anaemia was 9.4% among
malaria positives, but only 2.2% among children without
malaria. CONCLUSION: Malaria infection has a strong detrimental
effect on haemoglobin levels among young children in Burkina
Faso. This effect seems to carry over even after acute
infection, indicating prolonged haemoglobin reductions even
after successful parasite-elimination. The quasi-experimental
fixed-effect approach adds a population level perspective to
existing clinical evidence.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34688294
PMCID: PMC8542337},
keywords = {Anaemia, Burkina Faso, Haemoglobin, Household fixed-effects, Malaria, Microscopy, Rapid diagnostic tests},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Although the association between malaria and anaemia
is widely studied in patient cohorts, the
population-representative causal effects of malaria on anaemia
remain unknown. This study estimated the malaria-induced
decrease in haemoglobin levels among young children in
malaria-endemic Burkina Faso. METHODS: The study was based on
pooled individual-level nationally representative health survey
data (2010-2011, 2014, 2017-2018) from 17 599 children under 5
years of age. This data was used to estimate the effects of
malaria on haemoglobin concentration, controlling for household
fixed-effects, age, and sex in a series of regression analyses.
The fixed-effects controlled for observed and unobserved
confounding on the household level and allowed to determine the
impact of malaria infection status on haemoglobin levels and
anaemia prevalence. Furthermore, the diagnostic results from
microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests were leveraged to provide
a quasi-longitudinal perspective of acute and prolonged effects
after malaria infection. RESULTS: The prevalence of both malaria
(survey prevalence ranging from 17.4% to 65.2%) and anaemia
(survey prevalence ranging from 74% to 88.2%) was very high in
the included surveys. Malaria was estimated to significantly
reduce haemoglobin levels, with an overall effect of – 7.5 g/dL
(95% CI – 8.5, – 6.5). Acute malaria resulted in a – 7.7 g/dL
(95% CI – 8.8, – 6.6) decrease in haemoglobin levels. Recent
malaria without current parasitaemia decreased haemoglobin
concentration by – 7.1 g/dL (95% CI – 8.3, – 5.9). The
in-sample predicted prevalence of severe anaemia was 9.4% among
malaria positives, but only 2.2% among children without
malaria. CONCLUSION: Malaria infection has a strong detrimental
effect on haemoglobin levels among young children in Burkina
Faso. This effect seems to carry over even after acute
infection, indicating prolonged haemoglobin reductions even
after successful parasite-elimination. The quasi-experimental
fixed-effect approach adds a population level perspective to
existing clinical evidence. |
| Jeoffray Diendéré, Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba, Sibraogo Kiemtoré, Olivier Ouahamin Sombié, Philippe Fayemendy, Pierre Jésus, Athanase Millogo, Aly Savadogo, Halidou Tinto, Jean-Claude Desport Associations between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso: results from the first WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey (Journal Article) In: Public Health Nutr., pp. 1–11, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2727 1368-9800, (Place: England
PMID: 34615560). @article{Diendere2021-lc,
title = {Associations between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso: results from the first WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey},
author = {Jeoffray Diend\'{e}r\'{e} and Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba and Sibraogo Kiemtor\'{e} and Olivier Ouahamin Sombi\'{e} and Philippe Fayemendy and Pierre J\'{e}sus and Athanase Millogo and Aly Savadogo and Halidou Tinto and Jean-Claude Desport},
doi = {10.1017/S1368980021004080},
issn = {1475-2727 1368-9800},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-07},
urldate = {2021-10-07},
journal = {Public Health Nutr.},
pages = {1--11},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between dental problems
and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso by
using nationally representative data. DESIGN: This was a
cross-sectional secondary study of primary data obtained by the
2013 WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance survey conducted in
Burkina Faso. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed
using Student's t test, ANOVA, the $chi$2 test, Fisher's exact
test and logistic regression. SETTING: All thirteen
Burkinab`e regions were categorised using quartiles of
urbanisation rates. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 1730
rural women aged 25-64 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of
underweight was 16·0 %, and 24·1 % of participants experienced
dental problems during the 12-month period. The women with
dental problems were more frequently underweight (19·9 % and
14·7 %; P 49 years old) and smokeless tobacco users. Age \> 49
years, professions with inconsistent income, a lack of
education, smokeless tobacco use and low BMI were factors that
were significantly associated with dental problems, while
residency in a low-urbanisation area was a protective factor.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of underweight in rural Burkinab`e
women is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and women with
dental problems are more frequently affected than those without
dental problems. Public health measures for the prevention of
these disorders should specifically target women aged over 49
years and smokeless tobacco users.},
note = {Place: England
PMID: 34615560},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Dental problems, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural women, Underweight},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between dental problems
and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso by
using nationally representative data. DESIGN: This was a
cross-sectional secondary study of primary data obtained by the
2013 WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance survey conducted in
Burkina Faso. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed
using Student’s t test, ANOVA, the $chi$2 test, Fisher’s exact
test and logistic regression. SETTING: All thirteen
Burkinab`e regions were categorised using quartiles of
urbanisation rates. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 1730
rural women aged 25-64 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of
underweight was 16·0 %, and 24·1 % of participants experienced
dental problems during the 12-month period. The women with
dental problems were more frequently underweight (19·9 % and
14·7 %; P 49 years old) and smokeless tobacco users. Age > 49
years, professions with inconsistent income, a lack of
education, smokeless tobacco use and low BMI were factors that
were significantly associated with dental problems, while
residency in a low-urbanisation area was a protective factor.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of underweight in rural Burkinab`e
women is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and women with
dental problems are more frequently affected than those without
dental problems. Public health measures for the prevention of
these disorders should specifically target women aged over 49
years and smokeless tobacco users. |
| Adéla"ide Compaoré, Kadija Ouedraogo, Palwende R Boua, Daniella Watson, Sarah H Kehoe, Marie-Louise Newell, Halidou Tinto, Mary Barker, Hermann Sorgho, INPreP group ‘Men are not playing their roles’, maternal and child nutrition in Nanoro, Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Public Health Nutr., vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 3780–3790, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2727 1368-9800, (Place: England
PMID: 33000717). @article{Compaore2021-hg,
title = {'Men are not playing their roles', maternal and child nutrition in Nanoro, Burkina Faso},
author = {Ad\'{e}la"ide Compaor\'{e} and Kadija Ouedraogo and Palwende R Boua and Daniella Watson and Sarah H Kehoe and Marie-Louise Newell and Halidou Tinto and Mary Barker and Hermann Sorgho and INPreP group},
doi = {10.1017/S1368980020003365},
issn = {1475-2727 1368-9800},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-01},
urldate = {2021-08-01},
journal = {Public Health Nutr.},
volume = {24},
number = {12},
pages = {3780--3790},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To collect context-specific insights into maternal
and child health and nutrition issues, and to explore potential
solutions in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. DESIGN: Eleven focus groups
with men and women from eleven communities, facilitated by local
researchers. SETTING: The study took place in the Nanoro Health
district, in the West-Central part of Burkina Faso.
PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-six men (18-55 years) and women by age
group: 18-25; 26-34 and 35-55 years, participated in the group
discussions. RESULTS: Participants described barriers to optimal
nutrition of mothers and children related to a range of
community factors, with gender inequality as central. Major
themes in the discussions are related to poverty and challenges
generated by socially and culturally determined gender roles.
Sub-themes are women lacking access to food whilst pregnant and
having limited access to health care and opportunities to
generate income. Although communities believe that food
donations should be implemented to overcome this, they also
pointed out the need for enhancing their own food production,
requiring improved agricultural technologies. Given the
important role that women could play in reducing malnutrition,
these communities felt they needed to be empowered to do so and
supported by men. They also felt that this had to be carried out
in the context of an enhanced health care system. CONCLUSIONS:
Findings reported here highlight the importance of
nutrition-sensitive interventions and women's empowerment in
improving maternal and child nutrition. There is a need to
integrate a sustainable multi-sectorial approach which goes
beyond food support.},
note = {Place: England
PMID: 33000717},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Child, Child nutrition, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Community perceptions, Empowerment, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal nutrition, Mothers, Nutritional Status, Pregnancy, Qualitative research},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE: To collect context-specific insights into maternal
and child health and nutrition issues, and to explore potential
solutions in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. DESIGN: Eleven focus groups
with men and women from eleven communities, facilitated by local
researchers. SETTING: The study took place in the Nanoro Health
district, in the West-Central part of Burkina Faso.
PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-six men (18-55 years) and women by age
group: 18-25; 26-34 and 35-55 years, participated in the group
discussions. RESULTS: Participants described barriers to optimal
nutrition of mothers and children related to a range of
community factors, with gender inequality as central. Major
themes in the discussions are related to poverty and challenges
generated by socially and culturally determined gender roles.
Sub-themes are women lacking access to food whilst pregnant and
having limited access to health care and opportunities to
generate income. Although communities believe that food
donations should be implemented to overcome this, they also
pointed out the need for enhancing their own food production,
requiring improved agricultural technologies. Given the
important role that women could play in reducing malnutrition,
these communities felt they needed to be empowered to do so and
supported by men. They also felt that this had to be carried out
in the context of an enhanced health care system. CONCLUSIONS:
Findings reported here highlight the importance of
nutrition-sensitive interventions and women’s empowerment in
improving maternal and child nutrition. There is a need to
integrate a sustainable multi-sectorial approach which goes
beyond food support. |
| Navideh Noori, Karim Derra, Innocent Valea, Assaf P Oron, Aminata Welgo, Toussaint Rouamba, Palwende Romuald Boua, Athanase M Somé, Eli Rouamba, Edward Wenger, Hermann Sorgho, Halidou Tinto, Andre Lin Ouédraogo Patterns of child mortality in rural area of Burkina Faso: evidence from the Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) (Journal Article) In: BMC Public Health, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1425, 2021, ISSN: 1471-2458, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34281547
PMCID: PMC8287796). @article{Noori2021-te,
title = {Patterns of child mortality in rural area of Burkina Faso: evidence from the Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS)},
author = {Navideh Noori and Karim Derra and Innocent Valea and Assaf P Oron and Aminata Welgo and Toussaint Rouamba and Palwende Romuald Boua and Athanase M Som\'{e} and Eli Rouamba and Edward Wenger and Hermann Sorgho and Halidou Tinto and Andre Lin Ou\'{e}draogo},
doi = {10.1186/s12889-021-11483-4},
issn = {1471-2458},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-19},
urldate = {2021-07-19},
journal = {BMC Public Health},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {1425},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Half of global child deaths occur in sub-Saharan
Africa. Understanding child mortality patterns and risk factors
will help inform interventions to reduce this heavy toll. The
Nanoro Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS),
Burkina Faso was described previously, but patterns and
potential drivers of heterogeneity in child mortality in the
district had not been studied. Similar studies in other
districts indicated proximity to health facilities as a risk
factor, usually without distinction between facility types.
METHODS: Using Nanoro HDSS data from 2009 to 2013, we estimated
the association between under-5 mortality and proximity to
inpatient and outpatient health facilities, seasonality of
death, age group, and standard demographic risk factors.
RESULTS: Living in homes 40-60 min and \> 60 min travel time from
an inpatient facility was associated with 1.52 (95% CI:
1.13-2.06) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.27-2.40) greater hazard of
under-5 mortality, respectively, than living in homes \< 20 min
from an inpatient facility. No such association was found for
outpatient facilities. The wet season (July-November) was
associated with 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.53) higher under-5
mortality than the dry season (December-June), likely reflecting
the malaria season. CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the
importance of geographical proximity to health care, distinguish
between inpatient and outpatient facilities, and also show a
seasonal effect, probably driven by malaria.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34281547
PMCID: PMC8287796},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, child mortality, ChildHealth Facilities, Children under 5, Demographic surveillance, HDSS, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Nanoro, Spatial analysis, Travel},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Half of global child deaths occur in sub-Saharan
Africa. Understanding child mortality patterns and risk factors
will help inform interventions to reduce this heavy toll. The
Nanoro Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS),
Burkina Faso was described previously, but patterns and
potential drivers of heterogeneity in child mortality in the
district had not been studied. Similar studies in other
districts indicated proximity to health facilities as a risk
factor, usually without distinction between facility types.
METHODS: Using Nanoro HDSS data from 2009 to 2013, we estimated
the association between under-5 mortality and proximity to
inpatient and outpatient health facilities, seasonality of
death, age group, and standard demographic risk factors.
RESULTS: Living in homes 40-60 min and > 60 min travel time from
an inpatient facility was associated with 1.52 (95% CI:
1.13-2.06) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.27-2.40) greater hazard of
under-5 mortality, respectively, than living in homes < 20 min
from an inpatient facility. No such association was found for
outpatient facilities. The wet season (July-November) was
associated with 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.53) higher under-5
mortality than the dry season (December-June), likely reflecting
the malaria season. CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the
importance of geographical proximity to health care, distinguish
between inpatient and outpatient facilities, and also show a
seasonal effect, probably driven by malaria. |
| Mariken Wit, Matthew Cairns, Yves Daniel Compaoré, Issaka Sagara, Irene Kuepfer, Issaka Zongo, Amadou Barry, Modibo Diarra, Amadou Tapily, Samba Coumare, Ismaila Thera, Frederic Nikiema, R Serge Yerbanga, Rosemonde M Guissou, Halidou Tinto, Alassane Dicko, Daniel Chandramohan, Brian Greenwood, Jean Bosco Ouedraogo Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria (Journal Article) In: Malar. J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 274, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2875, (PMID: 34158054
PMCID: PMC8220741). @article{De_Wit2021-yi,
title = {Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria},
author = {Mariken Wit and Matthew Cairns and Yves Daniel Compaor\'{e} and Issaka Sagara and Irene Kuepfer and Issaka Zongo and Amadou Barry and Modibo Diarra and Amadou Tapily and Samba Coumare and Ismaila Thera and Frederic Nikiema and R Serge Yerbanga and Rosemonde M Guissou and Halidou Tinto and Alassane Dicko and Daniel Chandramohan and Brian Greenwood and Jean Bosco Ouedraogo},
doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03802-2},
issn = {1475-2875},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-22},
urldate = {2021-06-22},
journal = {Malar. J.},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {274},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria and malnutrition remain major problems in
Sahel countries, especially in young children. The direct effect
of malnutrition on malaria remains poorly understood, and may
have important implications for malaria control. In this study,
nutritional status and the association between malnutrition and
subsequent incidence of symptomatic malaria were examined in
children in Burkina Faso and Mali who received either
azithromycin or placebo, alongside seasonal malaria
chemoprevention. METHODS: Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was
measured in all 20,185 children who attended a screening visit
prior to the malaria transmission season in 2015. Prior to the
2016 malaria season, weight, height and MUAC were measured among
4149 randomly selected children. Height-for-age, weight-for-age,
weight-for-height, and MUAC-for-age were calculated as
indicators of nutritional status. Malaria incidence was measured
during the following rainy seasons. Multivariable random effects
Poisson models were created for each nutritional indicator to
study the effect of malnutrition on clinical malaria incidence
for each country. RESULTS: In both 2015 and 2016, nutritional
status prior to the malaria season was poor. The most prevalent
form of malnutrition in Burkina Faso was being underweight
(30.5%; 95% CI 28.6-32.6), whereas in Mali stunting was most
prevalent (27.5%; 95% CI 25.6-29.5). In 2016, clinical malaria
incidence was 675 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 613-744) in
Burkina Faso, and 1245 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1152-1347)
in Mali. There was some evidence that severe stunting was
associated with lower incidence of malaria in Mali (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.64-1.02; p = 0.08), but this association was not seen
in Burkina Faso. Being moderately underweight tended to be
associated with higher incidence of clinical malaria in Burkina Faso (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07), while this was the
case in Mali for moderate wasting (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07). However, these associations were not observed in
severely affected children, nor consistent between countries.
MUAC-for-age was not associated with malaria risk. CONCLUSIONS:
Both malnutrition and malaria were common in the study areas,
high despite high coverage of seasonal malaria chemoprevention
and long-lasting insecticidal nets. However, no strong or
consistent evidence was found for an association between any of
the nutritional indicators and the subsequent incidence of
clinical malaria.},
note = {PMID: 34158054
PMCID: PMC8220741},
keywords = {Acute malnutrition, Antimalarials/administration \& dosage, Azithromycin/administration \& dosage, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Child, Chronic malnutrition, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Malaria, Malaria/epidemiology/transmission, Male, Nutritional Status, Preschool, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, Seasons},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Malaria and malnutrition remain major problems in
Sahel countries, especially in young children. The direct effect
of malnutrition on malaria remains poorly understood, and may
have important implications for malaria control. In this study,
nutritional status and the association between malnutrition and
subsequent incidence of symptomatic malaria were examined in
children in Burkina Faso and Mali who received either
azithromycin or placebo, alongside seasonal malaria
chemoprevention. METHODS: Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was
measured in all 20,185 children who attended a screening visit
prior to the malaria transmission season in 2015. Prior to the
2016 malaria season, weight, height and MUAC were measured among
4149 randomly selected children. Height-for-age, weight-for-age,
weight-for-height, and MUAC-for-age were calculated as
indicators of nutritional status. Malaria incidence was measured
during the following rainy seasons. Multivariable random effects
Poisson models were created for each nutritional indicator to
study the effect of malnutrition on clinical malaria incidence
for each country. RESULTS: In both 2015 and 2016, nutritional
status prior to the malaria season was poor. The most prevalent
form of malnutrition in Burkina Faso was being underweight
(30.5%; 95% CI 28.6-32.6), whereas in Mali stunting was most
prevalent (27.5%; 95% CI 25.6-29.5). In 2016, clinical malaria
incidence was 675 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 613-744) in
Burkina Faso, and 1245 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1152-1347)
in Mali. There was some evidence that severe stunting was
associated with lower incidence of malaria in Mali (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.64-1.02; p = 0.08), but this association was not seen
in Burkina Faso. Being moderately underweight tended to be
associated with higher incidence of clinical malaria in Burkina Faso (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07), while this was the
case in Mali for moderate wasting (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07). However, these associations were not observed in
severely affected children, nor consistent between countries.
MUAC-for-age was not associated with malaria risk. CONCLUSIONS:
Both malnutrition and malaria were common in the study areas,
high despite high coverage of seasonal malaria chemoprevention
and long-lasting insecticidal nets. However, no strong or
consistent evidence was found for an association between any of
the nutritional indicators and the subsequent incidence of
clinical malaria. |