2022
|
Journal Articles
|
 | Toussaint Rouamba, Esperance Ouédraogo, Houreratou Barry, Nobila Valentin Yaméogo, Apoline Sondo, Rainatou Boly, Jacques Zoungrana, Abdoul Risgou Ouédraogo, Marc Christian Tahita, Armel Poda, Arnaud Eric Diendéré, Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo, Innocent Valea, Isidore Traoré, Zekiba Tarnagda, Maxime K. Drabo, Halidou Tinto Assessment of Recovery Time, Worsening and Death, among COVID-19 inpatients and outpatients, under treatment with Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine plus Azithromycin Combination in Burkina Faso. (Journal Article) In: International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2022. @article{Rouamba2022,
title = {Assessment of Recovery Time, Worsening and Death, among COVID-19 inpatients and outpatients, under treatment with Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine plus Azithromycin Combination in Burkina Faso.},
author = {Toussaint Rouamba and Esperance Ou\'{e}draogo and Houreratou Barry and Nobila Valentin Yam\'{e}ogo and Apoline Sondo and Rainatou Boly and Jacques Zoungrana and Abdoul Risgou Ou\'{e}draogo and Marc Christian Tahita and Armel Poda and Arnaud Eric Diend\'{e}r\'{e} and Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo and Innocent Valea and Isidore Traor\'{e} and Zekiba Tarnagda and Maxime K. Drabo and Halidou Tinto},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.034},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-01},
urldate = {2022-02-01},
journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess the statistical relationship between the use of chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin (CQ/HCQ+AZ) and virological recovery, disease worsening and death among out- and inpatients with COVID-19 in Burkina Faso. DESIGNS: This was a retrospective observational study that compared outcomes in terms of time to recovery, worsening, and death in patients who received CQ/HCQ+AZ and those who did not, using a multivariable Cox or Poisson model before and after propensity matching. RESULTS: Of the 863 patients included in the study, about 50% (432/863) were home-based follow-up patients and 50% were inpatients. Of these, 83.3% (746/863) received at least one dose of CQ/HCQ+AZ and 13.7% (118/863) did not. There were no significant differences in associated time to recovery for patients receiving any CQ/HCQ+AZ (adj. HR, 1.44 [95% CI, 0.76 - 2.71]). Similarly, there was no significant association between CQ/HCQ+AZ use and worsening (adj. IRR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.50 - 1.50]). However, compared with the untreated group, the treated group had a lower risk of death (adj. HR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.10 - 0.44). CONCLUSION: The study provided valuable additional information on the use of CQ/HCQ in patients with COVID-19 and did not show any harmful outcomes of CQ/HCQ + AZ treatment.},
keywords = {Aggravation, Burkina Faso, Fatality, SRAS-CoV-2, Viral clearance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVES: To assess the statistical relationship between the use of chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin (CQ/HCQ+AZ) and virological recovery, disease worsening and death among out- and inpatients with COVID-19 in Burkina Faso. DESIGNS: This was a retrospective observational study that compared outcomes in terms of time to recovery, worsening, and death in patients who received CQ/HCQ+AZ and those who did not, using a multivariable Cox or Poisson model before and after propensity matching. RESULTS: Of the 863 patients included in the study, about 50% (432/863) were home-based follow-up patients and 50% were inpatients. Of these, 83.3% (746/863) received at least one dose of CQ/HCQ+AZ and 13.7% (118/863) did not. There were no significant differences in associated time to recovery for patients receiving any CQ/HCQ+AZ (adj. HR, 1.44 [95% CI, 0.76 – 2.71]). Similarly, there was no significant association between CQ/HCQ+AZ use and worsening (adj. IRR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.50 – 1.50]). However, compared with the untreated group, the treated group had a lower risk of death (adj. HR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.10 – 0.44). CONCLUSION: The study provided valuable additional information on the use of CQ/HCQ in patients with COVID-19 and did not show any harmful outcomes of CQ/HCQ + AZ treatment. |
 | Jane Grant, Issaka Sagara, Issaka Zongo, Matthew Cairns, Rakiswendé Serge Yerbanga, Modibo Diarra, Charles Zoungrana, Djibrilla Issiaka, Frédéric Nikièma, Frédéric Sompougdou, Amadou Tapily, Mahamadou Kaya, Alassane Haro, Koualy Sanogo, Abdoul Aziz Sienou, Seydou Traore, Ismaila Thera, Hama Yalcouye, Irene Kuepfer, Paul Snell, Paul Milligan, Christian Ockenhouse, Opokua Ofori-Anyinam, Halidou Tinto, Abdoulaye Djimde, Daniel Chandramohan, Brian Greenwood, Alassane Dicko, Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo Impact of seasonal RTS,S/AS01(E) vaccination plus seasonal malaria chemoprevention on the nutritional status of children in Burkina Faso and Mali. (Journal Article) In: Malaria journal, vol. 21, iss. 1, pp. 59, 2022. @article{Grant2022,
title = {Impact of seasonal RTS,S/AS01(E) vaccination plus seasonal malaria chemoprevention on the nutritional status of children in Burkina Faso and Mali.},
author = {Jane Grant and Issaka Sagara and Issaka Zongo and Matthew Cairns and Rakiswend\'{e} Serge Yerbanga and Modibo Diarra and Charles Zoungrana and Djibrilla Issiaka and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Niki\`{e}ma and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Sompougdou and Amadou Tapily and Mahamadou Kaya and Alassane Haro and Koualy Sanogo and Abdoul Aziz Sienou and Seydou Traore and Ismaila Thera and Hama Yalcouye and Irene Kuepfer and Paul Snell and Paul Milligan and Christian Ockenhouse and Opokua Ofori-Anyinam and Halidou Tinto and Abdoulaye Djimde and Daniel Chandramohan and Brian Greenwood and Alassane Dicko and Jean-Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo},
doi = {10.1186/s12936-022-04077-x},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-01},
urldate = {2022-02-01},
journal = {Malaria journal},
volume = {21},
issue = {1},
pages = {59},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A recent trial in Burkina Faso and Mali showed that combining seasonal RTS,S/AS01(E) malaria vaccination with seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) substantially reduced the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria in young children compared to either intervention alone. Given the possible negative effect of malaria on nutrition, the study investigated whether these children also experienced lower prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition. METHODS: In Burkina Faso and Mali 5920 children were randomized to receive either SMC alone, RTS,S/AS01(E) alone, or SMC combined with RTS,S/AS01(E) for three malaria transmission seasons (2017-2019). After each transmission season, anthropometric measurements were collected from all study children at a cross-sectional survey and used to derive nutritional status indicators, including the binary variables wasted and stunted (weight-for-height and height-for-age z-scores below - 2, respectively). Binary and continuous outcomes between treatment groups were compared by Poisson and linear regression. RESULTS: In 2017, compared to SMC alone, the combined intervention reduced the prevalence of wasting by approximately 12% [prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.88 (95% CI 0.75, 1.03)], and approximately 21% in 2018 [PR = 0.79 (95% CI 0.62, 1.01)]. Point estimates were similar for comparisons with RTS,S/AS01(E), but there was stronger evidence of a difference. There was at least a 30% reduction in the point estimates for the prevalence of severe wasting in the combined group compared to the other two groups in 2017 and 2018. There was no difference in the prevalence of moderate or severe wasting between the groups in 2019. The prevalence of stunting, low-MUAC-for-age or being underweight did not differ between groups for any of the three years. The prevalence of severe stunting was higher in the combined group compared to both other groups in 2018, and compared to RTS,S/AS01(E) alone in 2017; this observation does not have an obvious explanation and may be a chance finding. Overall, malnutrition was very common in this cohort, but declined over the study as the children became older. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a high burden of malnutrition and malaria in the study populations, and a major reduction in the incidence of malaria in children receiving both interventions, this had only a modest impact on nutritional status. Therefore, other interventions are needed to reduce the high burden of malnutrition in these areas. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03143218 , registered 8th May 2017.},
keywords = {*Antimalarials/therapeutic use, *Malaria/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention \& control, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Chemoprevention, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Mali, Mali/epidemiology, Nutrition, Nutritional Status, Preschool, RTS, S/AS01E, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, Seasons, Vaccination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: A recent trial in Burkina Faso and Mali showed that combining seasonal RTS,S/AS01(E) malaria vaccination with seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) substantially reduced the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria in young children compared to either intervention alone. Given the possible negative effect of malaria on nutrition, the study investigated whether these children also experienced lower prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition. METHODS: In Burkina Faso and Mali 5920 children were randomized to receive either SMC alone, RTS,S/AS01(E) alone, or SMC combined with RTS,S/AS01(E) for three malaria transmission seasons (2017-2019). After each transmission season, anthropometric measurements were collected from all study children at a cross-sectional survey and used to derive nutritional status indicators, including the binary variables wasted and stunted (weight-for-height and height-for-age z-scores below – 2, respectively). Binary and continuous outcomes between treatment groups were compared by Poisson and linear regression. RESULTS: In 2017, compared to SMC alone, the combined intervention reduced the prevalence of wasting by approximately 12% [prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.88 (95% CI 0.75, 1.03)], and approximately 21% in 2018 [PR = 0.79 (95% CI 0.62, 1.01)]. Point estimates were similar for comparisons with RTS,S/AS01(E), but there was stronger evidence of a difference. There was at least a 30% reduction in the point estimates for the prevalence of severe wasting in the combined group compared to the other two groups in 2017 and 2018. There was no difference in the prevalence of moderate or severe wasting between the groups in 2019. The prevalence of stunting, low-MUAC-for-age or being underweight did not differ between groups for any of the three years. The prevalence of severe stunting was higher in the combined group compared to both other groups in 2018, and compared to RTS,S/AS01(E) alone in 2017; this observation does not have an obvious explanation and may be a chance finding. Overall, malnutrition was very common in this cohort, but declined over the study as the children became older. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a high burden of malnutrition and malaria in the study populations, and a major reduction in the incidence of malaria in children receiving both interventions, this had only a modest impact on nutritional status. Therefore, other interventions are needed to reduce the high burden of malnutrition in these areas. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03143218 , registered 8th May 2017. |
 | Martin Bienvenu Somda, Jacques Kaboré, Sheila Médina Karambiri, Emilie Dama, Der Dabiré, Charlie Franck Alfred Compaoré, Ernest Wendemanedgé Salou, Hamidou Ilboudo, Isidore Houaga, Fabrice Courtin, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, Vincent Jamonneau, Zakaria Bengaly Evaluation of the Re-emergence Risk of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Southwestern Burkina Faso, A Gold-Bearing Mutation Area. (Journal Article) In: Acta parasitologica, 2022. @article{Somda2022,
title = {Evaluation of the Re-emergence Risk of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Southwestern Burkina Faso, A Gold-Bearing Mutation Area.},
author = {Martin Bienvenu Somda and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Sheila M\'{e}dina Karambiri and Emilie Dama and Der Dabir\'{e} and Charlie Franck Alfred Compaor\'{e} and Ernest Wendemanedg\'{e} Salou and Hamidou Ilboudo and Isidore Houaga and Fabrice Courtin and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem and Vincent Jamonneau and Zakaria Bengaly},
doi = {10.1007/s11686-021-00512-2},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Acta parasitologica},
address = {Switzerland},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The boom in Burkina Faso's artisanal gold mining since 2007 has attracted populations from C\^{o}te d'Ivoire and Guinea, which are the West African countries most affected by human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and therefore increases its risk of re-emergence. Our aim was to update the HAT data in Burkina Faso in the risk of the re-emergence context with the advent of artisanal gold mining. METHODS: The study was carried out in the southwestern Burkina Faso where entomological surveys were conducted using biconical traps in March 2017. Follow by an active medical survey in April 2017, which was targeted the gold panners in 7 villages closer to artisanal gold sites, using CATT, mini-anion exchange centrifugation technique, trypanolysis test (TL) and ELISA test to measure human/tsetse contacts. The buffy coat technique and the TL were also applied in pigs to check their reservoir role of human trypanosomes. RESULTS: Our results have shown no case of HAT among 958 individuals tested and all the 50 pigs were also negative, but the level of antibodies against tsetse saliva evidenced by ELISA revealed low human/tsetse contact. Moreover, gold panners practise agriculture and breeding in an infected tsetse area, which are increased the risk. CONCLUSION: Our results illustrate that the risk of re-emergence is low. The passive surveillance system implemented in 2015 in southwestern Burkina Faso is needed to increase the sentinel sites to better cover this area by taking into account the gold mining. Finally, awareness-raising activities are needed among populations about HAT.},
keywords = {Artisanal gold mining, Burkina Faso, Human African trypanosomiasis, Passive surveillance, Risk of re-emergence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
PURPOSE: The boom in Burkina Faso’s artisanal gold mining since 2007 has attracted populations from Côte d’Ivoire and Guinea, which are the West African countries most affected by human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and therefore increases its risk of re-emergence. Our aim was to update the HAT data in Burkina Faso in the risk of the re-emergence context with the advent of artisanal gold mining. METHODS: The study was carried out in the southwestern Burkina Faso where entomological surveys were conducted using biconical traps in March 2017. Follow by an active medical survey in April 2017, which was targeted the gold panners in 7 villages closer to artisanal gold sites, using CATT, mini-anion exchange centrifugation technique, trypanolysis test (TL) and ELISA test to measure human/tsetse contacts. The buffy coat technique and the TL were also applied in pigs to check their reservoir role of human trypanosomes. RESULTS: Our results have shown no case of HAT among 958 individuals tested and all the 50 pigs were also negative, but the level of antibodies against tsetse saliva evidenced by ELISA revealed low human/tsetse contact. Moreover, gold panners practise agriculture and breeding in an infected tsetse area, which are increased the risk. CONCLUSION: Our results illustrate that the risk of re-emergence is low. The passive surveillance system implemented in 2015 in southwestern Burkina Faso is needed to increase the sentinel sites to better cover this area by taking into account the gold mining. Finally, awareness-raising activities are needed among populations about HAT. |
 | Paul Sondo, Marc Christian Tahita, Hamidou Ilboudo, Toussaint Rouamba, Karim Derra, Gauthier Tougri, Florence Ouédraogo, Béatrice Marie Adélaïde Konseibo, Eli Roamba, Sabina Dahlström Otienoburu, Bérenger Kaboré, Kalynn Kennon, Kadija Ouédraogo, Wend-Timbe-Noma Arlette Raïssa Zongo, Fadima Yaya Bocoum, Kasia Stepniewska, Mehul Dhorda, Philippe J. Guérin, Halidou Tinto Boosting the impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) through simultaneous screening and treatment of household members of children receiving SMC in Burkina Faso: a protocol for a randomized open label trial. (Journal Article) In: Archives of Public Health, vol. 80, iss. 1, pp. 41, 2022. @article{Sondo2022,
title = {Boosting the impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) through simultaneous screening and treatment of household members of children receiving SMC in Burkina Faso: a protocol for a randomized open label trial.},
author = {Paul Sondo and Marc Christian Tahita and Hamidou Ilboudo and Toussaint Rouamba and Karim Derra and Gauthier Tougri and Florence Ou\'{e}draogo and B\'{e}atrice Marie Ad\'{e}la\"{i}de Konseibo and Eli Roamba and Sabina Dahlstr\"{o}m Otienoburu and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Kalynn Kennon and Kadija Ou\'{e}draogo and Wend-Timbe-Noma Arlette Ra\"{i}ssa Zongo and Fadima Yaya Bocoum and Kasia Stepniewska and Mehul Dhorda and Philippe J. Gu\'{e}rin and Halidou Tinto},
doi = {10.1186/s13690-022-00800-x},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = { Archives of Public Health},
volume = {80},
issue = {1},
pages = {41},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health concern in sub-Sahara Africa. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is one of the most important preventive interventions. Despite its implementation, the burden of malaria is still very high in children under five years old in Burkina Faso, suggesting that the expected impact of this promising strategy might not be attained. Development of innovative strategies to improve the efficacy of these existing malaria control measures is essential. In such context, we postulate that screening and treatment of malaria in household members of children receiving SMC could greatly improve the impact of SMC intervention and reduce malaria transmission in endemic settings. METHODS: This randomized superiority trial will be carried out in the Nanoro health district, Burkina Faso. The unit of randomisation will be the household and all eligible children from a household will be allocated to the same study group. Households with 3-59 months old children will be assigned to either (i) control group (SMC alone) or (ii) intervention (SMC+ screening of household members with standard Histidin Rich Protein Rapid Diagnostic Test (HRP2-RDT) and treatment if positive). The sample size will be 526 isolated households per arm, i.e., around 1052 children under SMC coverage and an expected 1315 household members. Included children will be followed-up for 24 months to fully cover two consecutive malaria transmission seasons and two SMC cycles. Children will be actively followed-up during the malaria transmission seasons while in the dry seasons the follow-up will be passive. CONCLUSION: The study will respond to a major public health concern by providing evidence of the efficacy of an innovative strategy to boost the impact of SMC intervention.},
keywords = {Africa, Amodiaquine, Burkina Faso, Chemoprevention, Dihydro artemisinin Piperaquine, Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health concern in sub-Sahara Africa. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is one of the most important preventive interventions. Despite its implementation, the burden of malaria is still very high in children under five years old in Burkina Faso, suggesting that the expected impact of this promising strategy might not be attained. Development of innovative strategies to improve the efficacy of these existing malaria control measures is essential. In such context, we postulate that screening and treatment of malaria in household members of children receiving SMC could greatly improve the impact of SMC intervention and reduce malaria transmission in endemic settings. METHODS: This randomized superiority trial will be carried out in the Nanoro health district, Burkina Faso. The unit of randomisation will be the household and all eligible children from a household will be allocated to the same study group. Households with 3-59 months old children will be assigned to either (i) control group (SMC alone) or (ii) intervention (SMC+ screening of household members with standard Histidin Rich Protein Rapid Diagnostic Test (HRP2-RDT) and treatment if positive). The sample size will be 526 isolated households per arm, i.e., around 1052 children under SMC coverage and an expected 1315 household members. Included children will be followed-up for 24 months to fully cover two consecutive malaria transmission seasons and two SMC cycles. Children will be actively followed-up during the malaria transmission seasons while in the dry seasons the follow-up will be passive. CONCLUSION: The study will respond to a major public health concern by providing evidence of the efficacy of an innovative strategy to boost the impact of SMC intervention. |
 | Liesbeth Martens, Bérenger Kaboré, Annelies Post, Christa E. Gaast-de Jongh, Jeroen D. Langereis, Halidou Tinto, Jan Jacobs, André J. Ven, Quirijn Mast, Marien I. Jonge Nasopharyngeal colonisation dynamics of bacterial pathogens in patients with fever in rural Burkina Faso: an observational study. (Journal Article) In: BMC infectious diseases, vol. 22, iss. 1, pp. 15, 2022. @article{Martens2022,
title = {Nasopharyngeal colonisation dynamics of bacterial pathogens in patients with fever in rural Burkina Faso: an observational study.},
author = {Liesbeth Martens and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Annelies Post and Christa E. Gaast-de Jongh and Jeroen D. Langereis and Halidou Tinto and Jan Jacobs and Andr\'{e} J. Ven and Quirijn Mast and Marien I. Jonge},
doi = {10.1186/s12879-021-06996-7},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {22},
issue = {1},
pages = {15},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal colonisation with clinically relevant bacterial pathogens is a risk factor for severe infections, such as pneumonia and bacteraemia. In this study, we investigated the determinants of nasopharyngeal carriage in febrile patients in rural Burkina Faso. METHODS: From March 2016 to June 2017, we recruited 924 paediatric and adult patients presenting with fever, hypothermia or suspicion of severe infection to the Centre Medical avec Antenne Chirurgicale Saint Camille de Nanoro, Burkina Faso. We recorded a broad range of clinical data, collected nasopharyngeal swabs and tested them for the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Using logistic regression, we investigated the determinants of carriage and aimed to find correlations with clinical outcome. RESULTS: Nasopharyngeal colonisation with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis was highly prevalent and strongly dependent on age and season. Females were less likely to be colonised with S. pneumoniae (OR 0.71},
keywords = {*Carrier State/epidemiology, *Staphylococcus aureus, Adult, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Child, Female, Haemophilus influenzae, Humans, Infant, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Male, Moraxella catarrhalis, Nasopharyngeal carriage, Nasopharynx, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal colonisation with clinically relevant bacterial pathogens is a risk factor for severe infections, such as pneumonia and bacteraemia. In this study, we investigated the determinants of nasopharyngeal carriage in febrile patients in rural Burkina Faso. METHODS: From March 2016 to June 2017, we recruited 924 paediatric and adult patients presenting with fever, hypothermia or suspicion of severe infection to the Centre Medical avec Antenne Chirurgicale Saint Camille de Nanoro, Burkina Faso. We recorded a broad range of clinical data, collected nasopharyngeal swabs and tested them for the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Using logistic regression, we investigated the determinants of carriage and aimed to find correlations with clinical outcome. RESULTS: Nasopharyngeal colonisation with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis was highly prevalent and strongly dependent on age and season. Females were less likely to be colonised with S. pneumoniae (OR 0.71 |
2021
|
Journal Articles
|
| Moussa Lingani, Serge H Zango, Innocent Valéa, Massa Dit A Bonko, Sékou O Samadoulougou, Toussaint Rouamba, Marc C Tahita, Ma"imouna Sanou, Annie Robert, Halidou Tinto, Philippe Donnen, Mich`ele Dramaix Malaria and curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Trop. Med. Health, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 90, 2021, ISSN: 1348-8945 1349-4147, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34736524
PMCID: PMC8567650). @article{Lingani2021-is,
title = {Malaria and curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso},
author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge H Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Massa Dit A Bonko and S\'{e}kou O Samadoulougou and Toussaint Rouamba and Marc C Tahita and Ma"imouna Sanou and Annie Robert and Halidou Tinto and Philippe Donnen and Mich`ele Dramaix},
doi = {10.1186/s41182-021-00381-5},
issn = {1348-8945 1349-4147},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-01},
urldate = {2021-11-01},
journal = {Trop. Med. Health},
volume = {49},
number = {1},
pages = {90},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria and sexually transmitted/reproductive tract
infections (STI/RTI) are leading and preventable causes of low
birthweight in sub-Saharan Africa. Reducing their impact on
pregnancy outcomes requires efficient interventions that can be
easily integrated into the antenatal care package. The paucity
of data on malaria and STI/RTI coinfection, however, limits
efforts to control these infections. This study aimed to
determine the prevalence and associated factors of malaria and
STI/RTI coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 402
pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the Yako health
district. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected,
and pregnant women were tested for peripheral malaria by
microscopy. Hemoglobin levels were also measured by
spectrophotometry and curable bacterial STI/RTI were tested on
cervico-vaginal swabs using rapid diagnostic test for chlamydia
and syphilis, and Gram staining for bacterial vaginosis. A
multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the
association of malaria and STI/RTI coinfection with the
characteristics of included pregnant women. RESULTS: The
prevalence of malaria and at least one STI/RTI coinfection was
12.9% (95% confidence interval, CI: [9.8-16.7]), malaria and
bacterial vaginosis coinfection was 12.2% (95% CI:
[9.3-15.9]), malaria and chlamydial coinfection was 1.6% (95%
CI: [0.6-3.8]). No coinfection was reported for malaria and
syphilis. The individual prevalence was 17.2%, 7.2%, 0.6%,
67.7% and 73.3%, respectively, for malaria infection,
chlamydia, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis and STI/RTI
combination. Only 10% of coinfections were symptomatic, and
thus, 90% of women with coinfection would have been missed by
the symptoms-based diagnostic approach. In the multivariate analysis, the first pregnancy (aOR = 2.4 [95% CI: 1.2-4.7]) was
the only factor significantly associated with malaria and
STI/RTI coinfection. Clinical symptoms were not associated with
malaria and STI/RTI coinfection. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of
malaria and curable STI/RTI coinfection was high among pregnant
women. The poor performance of the clinical symptoms to predict
coinfection suggests that alternative interventions are needed.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34736524
PMCID: PMC8567650},
keywords = {Bacterial vaginosis, Burkina Faso, Chlamydia, Coinfection, Malaria, Pregnancy, Syphilis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Malaria and sexually transmitted/reproductive tract
infections (STI/RTI) are leading and preventable causes of low
birthweight in sub-Saharan Africa. Reducing their impact on
pregnancy outcomes requires efficient interventions that can be
easily integrated into the antenatal care package. The paucity
of data on malaria and STI/RTI coinfection, however, limits
efforts to control these infections. This study aimed to
determine the prevalence and associated factors of malaria and
STI/RTI coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 402
pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the Yako health
district. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected,
and pregnant women were tested for peripheral malaria by
microscopy. Hemoglobin levels were also measured by
spectrophotometry and curable bacterial STI/RTI were tested on
cervico-vaginal swabs using rapid diagnostic test for chlamydia
and syphilis, and Gram staining for bacterial vaginosis. A
multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the
association of malaria and STI/RTI coinfection with the
characteristics of included pregnant women. RESULTS: The
prevalence of malaria and at least one STI/RTI coinfection was
12.9% (95% confidence interval, CI: [9.8-16.7]), malaria and
bacterial vaginosis coinfection was 12.2% (95% CI:
[9.3-15.9]), malaria and chlamydial coinfection was 1.6% (95%
CI: [0.6-3.8]). No coinfection was reported for malaria and
syphilis. The individual prevalence was 17.2%, 7.2%, 0.6%,
67.7% and 73.3%, respectively, for malaria infection,
chlamydia, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis and STI/RTI
combination. Only 10% of coinfections were symptomatic, and
thus, 90% of women with coinfection would have been missed by
the symptoms-based diagnostic approach. In the multivariate analysis, the first pregnancy (aOR = 2.4 [95% CI: 1.2-4.7]) was
the only factor significantly associated with malaria and
STI/RTI coinfection. Clinical symptoms were not associated with
malaria and STI/RTI coinfection. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of
malaria and curable STI/RTI coinfection was high among pregnant
women. The poor performance of the clinical symptoms to predict
coinfection suggests that alternative interventions are needed. |
 | Serge Ouoba, Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwinde Ouedraogo, Moussa Lingani, Bunthen E, Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain, Ko Ko, Shintaro Nagashima, Aya Sugiyama, Tomoyuki Akita, Halidou Tinto, Junko Tanaka Epidemiologic profile of hepatitis C virus infection and genotype distribution in Burkina Faso: a systematic review with meta-analysis (Journal Article) In: BMC Infect. Dis., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1126, 2021, ISSN: 1471-2334, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34724902
PMCID: PMC8561994). @article{Ouoba2021-ug,
title = {Epidemiologic profile of hepatitis C virus infection and genotype distribution in Burkina Faso: a systematic review with meta-analysis},
author = {Serge Ouoba and Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwinde Ouedraogo and Moussa Lingani and Bunthen E and Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain and Ko Ko and Shintaro Nagashima and Aya Sugiyama and Tomoyuki Akita and Halidou Tinto and Junko Tanaka},
doi = {10.1186/s12879-021-06817-x},
issn = {1471-2334},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-01},
urldate = {2021-11-01},
journal = {BMC Infect. Dis.},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {1126},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Detailed characteristics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infection in Burkina Faso are scarce. The main aim of this study
was to assess HCV seroprevalence in various settings and
populations at risk in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2020.
Secondary objectives included the prevalence of HCV Ribonucleic
acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes. METHODS: A
systematic database search, supplemented by a manual search, was
conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and African Index
Medicus. Studies reporting HCV seroprevalence data in low and
high-risk populations in Burkina Faso were included, and a
random-effects meta-analysis was applied. Risk of bias was
assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute checklist. RESULTS:
Low-risk populations were examined in 31 studies involving a
total of 168,151 subjects, of whom 8330 were positive for HCV
antibodies. Six studies included a total of 1484 high-risk
persons, and 96 had antibodies to HCV. The pooled seroprevalence
in low-risk populations was 3.72% (95% CI: 3.20-4.28) and
4.75% (95% CI: 1.79-8.94) in high-risk groups. A
non-significant decreasing trend was observed over the study
period. Seven studies tested HCV RNA in a total of 4759
individuals at low risk for HCV infection, and 81 were positive.
The meta-analysis of HCV RNA yielded a pooled prevalence of
1.65% (95% CI: 0.74-2.89%) in low-risk populations, which is
assumed to be indicative of HCV prevalence in the general
population of Burkina Faso and suggests that about 301,174
people are active HCV carriers in the country. Genotypes 2 and 1
were the most frequent, with 60.3% and 25.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: HCV seroprevalence is intermediate in Burkina Faso
and indicates the need to implement effective control
strategies. There is a paucity of data at the national level and
for rural and high-risk populations. General population
screening and linkage to care are recommended, with special
attention to rural and high-risk populations.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34724902
PMCID: PMC8561994},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Genotype, Hepacivirus/genetics, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C/epidemiology, Humans, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Seroprevalence, Systematic review},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Detailed characteristics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infection in Burkina Faso are scarce. The main aim of this study
was to assess HCV seroprevalence in various settings and
populations at risk in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2020.
Secondary objectives included the prevalence of HCV Ribonucleic
acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes. METHODS: A
systematic database search, supplemented by a manual search, was
conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and African Index
Medicus. Studies reporting HCV seroprevalence data in low and
high-risk populations in Burkina Faso were included, and a
random-effects meta-analysis was applied. Risk of bias was
assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute checklist. RESULTS:
Low-risk populations were examined in 31 studies involving a
total of 168,151 subjects, of whom 8330 were positive for HCV
antibodies. Six studies included a total of 1484 high-risk
persons, and 96 had antibodies to HCV. The pooled seroprevalence
in low-risk populations was 3.72% (95% CI: 3.20-4.28) and
4.75% (95% CI: 1.79-8.94) in high-risk groups. A
non-significant decreasing trend was observed over the study
period. Seven studies tested HCV RNA in a total of 4759
individuals at low risk for HCV infection, and 81 were positive.
The meta-analysis of HCV RNA yielded a pooled prevalence of
1.65% (95% CI: 0.74-2.89%) in low-risk populations, which is
assumed to be indicative of HCV prevalence in the general
population of Burkina Faso and suggests that about 301,174
people are active HCV carriers in the country. Genotypes 2 and 1
were the most frequent, with 60.3% and 25.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: HCV seroprevalence is intermediate in Burkina Faso
and indicates the need to implement effective control
strategies. There is a paucity of data at the national level and
for rural and high-risk populations. General population
screening and linkage to care are recommended, with special
attention to rural and high-risk populations. |
 | Tim Starck, Caroline A Bulstra, Halidou Tinto, Toussaint Rouamba, Ali Sie, Thomas Jaenisch, Till Bärnighausen The effect of malaria on haemoglobin concentrations: a nationally representative household fixed-effects study of 17,599 children under 5 years of age in Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Malar. J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 416, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2875, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34688294
PMCID: PMC8542337). @article{Starck2021-mb,
title = {The effect of malaria on haemoglobin concentrations: a nationally representative household fixed-effects study of 17,599 children under 5 years of age in Burkina Faso},
author = {Tim Starck and Caroline A Bulstra and Halidou Tinto and Toussaint Rouamba and Ali Sie and Thomas Jaenisch and Till B\"{a}rnighausen},
doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03948-z},
issn = {1475-2875},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-23},
urldate = {2021-10-23},
journal = {Malar. J.},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {416},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although the association between malaria and anaemia
is widely studied in patient cohorts, the
population-representative causal effects of malaria on anaemia
remain unknown. This study estimated the malaria-induced
decrease in haemoglobin levels among young children in
malaria-endemic Burkina Faso. METHODS: The study was based on
pooled individual-level nationally representative health survey
data (2010-2011, 2014, 2017-2018) from 17 599 children under 5
years of age. This data was used to estimate the effects of
malaria on haemoglobin concentration, controlling for household
fixed-effects, age, and sex in a series of regression analyses.
The fixed-effects controlled for observed and unobserved
confounding on the household level and allowed to determine the
impact of malaria infection status on haemoglobin levels and
anaemia prevalence. Furthermore, the diagnostic results from
microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests were leveraged to provide
a quasi-longitudinal perspective of acute and prolonged effects
after malaria infection. RESULTS: The prevalence of both malaria
(survey prevalence ranging from 17.4% to 65.2%) and anaemia
(survey prevalence ranging from 74% to 88.2%) was very high in
the included surveys. Malaria was estimated to significantly
reduce haemoglobin levels, with an overall effect of - 7.5 g/dL
(95% CI - 8.5, - 6.5). Acute malaria resulted in a - 7.7 g/dL
(95% CI - 8.8, - 6.6) decrease in haemoglobin levels. Recent
malaria without current parasitaemia decreased haemoglobin
concentration by - 7.1 g/dL (95% CI - 8.3, - 5.9). The
in-sample predicted prevalence of severe anaemia was 9.4% among
malaria positives, but only 2.2% among children without
malaria. CONCLUSION: Malaria infection has a strong detrimental
effect on haemoglobin levels among young children in Burkina
Faso. This effect seems to carry over even after acute
infection, indicating prolonged haemoglobin reductions even
after successful parasite-elimination. The quasi-experimental
fixed-effect approach adds a population level perspective to
existing clinical evidence.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34688294
PMCID: PMC8542337},
keywords = {Anaemia, Burkina Faso, Haemoglobin, Household fixed-effects, Malaria, Microscopy, Rapid diagnostic tests},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Although the association between malaria and anaemia
is widely studied in patient cohorts, the
population-representative causal effects of malaria on anaemia
remain unknown. This study estimated the malaria-induced
decrease in haemoglobin levels among young children in
malaria-endemic Burkina Faso. METHODS: The study was based on
pooled individual-level nationally representative health survey
data (2010-2011, 2014, 2017-2018) from 17 599 children under 5
years of age. This data was used to estimate the effects of
malaria on haemoglobin concentration, controlling for household
fixed-effects, age, and sex in a series of regression analyses.
The fixed-effects controlled for observed and unobserved
confounding on the household level and allowed to determine the
impact of malaria infection status on haemoglobin levels and
anaemia prevalence. Furthermore, the diagnostic results from
microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests were leveraged to provide
a quasi-longitudinal perspective of acute and prolonged effects
after malaria infection. RESULTS: The prevalence of both malaria
(survey prevalence ranging from 17.4% to 65.2%) and anaemia
(survey prevalence ranging from 74% to 88.2%) was very high in
the included surveys. Malaria was estimated to significantly
reduce haemoglobin levels, with an overall effect of – 7.5 g/dL
(95% CI – 8.5, – 6.5). Acute malaria resulted in a – 7.7 g/dL
(95% CI – 8.8, – 6.6) decrease in haemoglobin levels. Recent
malaria without current parasitaemia decreased haemoglobin
concentration by – 7.1 g/dL (95% CI – 8.3, – 5.9). The
in-sample predicted prevalence of severe anaemia was 9.4% among
malaria positives, but only 2.2% among children without
malaria. CONCLUSION: Malaria infection has a strong detrimental
effect on haemoglobin levels among young children in Burkina
Faso. This effect seems to carry over even after acute
infection, indicating prolonged haemoglobin reductions even
after successful parasite-elimination. The quasi-experimental
fixed-effect approach adds a population level perspective to
existing clinical evidence. |
 | Jeoffray Diendéré, Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba, Sibraogo Kiemtoré, Olivier Ouahamin Sombié, Philippe Fayemendy, Pierre Jésus, Athanase Millogo, Aly Savadogo, Halidou Tinto, Jean-Claude Desport Associations between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso: results from the first WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey (Journal Article) In: Public Health Nutr., pp. 1–11, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2727 1368-9800, (Place: England
PMID: 34615560). @article{Diendere2021-lc,
title = {Associations between dental problems and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso: results from the first WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey},
author = {Jeoffray Diend\'{e}r\'{e} and Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba and Sibraogo Kiemtor\'{e} and Olivier Ouahamin Sombi\'{e} and Philippe Fayemendy and Pierre J\'{e}sus and Athanase Millogo and Aly Savadogo and Halidou Tinto and Jean-Claude Desport},
doi = {10.1017/S1368980021004080},
issn = {1475-2727 1368-9800},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-07},
urldate = {2021-10-07},
journal = {Public Health Nutr.},
pages = {1--11},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between dental problems
and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso by
using nationally representative data. DESIGN: This was a
cross-sectional secondary study of primary data obtained by the
2013 WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance survey conducted in
Burkina Faso. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed
using Student's t test, ANOVA, the $chi$2 test, Fisher's exact
test and logistic regression. SETTING: All thirteen
Burkinab`e regions were categorised using quartiles of
urbanisation rates. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 1730
rural women aged 25-64 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of
underweight was 16·0 %, and 24·1 % of participants experienced
dental problems during the 12-month period. The women with
dental problems were more frequently underweight (19·9 % and
14·7 %; P 49 years old) and smokeless tobacco users. Age > 49
years, professions with inconsistent income, a lack of
education, smokeless tobacco use and low BMI were factors that
were significantly associated with dental problems, while
residency in a low-urbanisation area was a protective factor.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of underweight in rural Burkinab`e
women is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and women with
dental problems are more frequently affected than those without
dental problems. Public health measures for the prevention of
these disorders should specifically target women aged over 49
years and smokeless tobacco users.},
note = {Place: England
PMID: 34615560},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Dental problems, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural women, Underweight},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between dental problems
and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso by
using nationally representative data. DESIGN: This was a
cross-sectional secondary study of primary data obtained by the
2013 WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance survey conducted in
Burkina Faso. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed
using Student’s t test, ANOVA, the $chi$2 test, Fisher’s exact
test and logistic regression. SETTING: All thirteen
Burkinab`e regions were categorised using quartiles of
urbanisation rates. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 1730
rural women aged 25-64 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of
underweight was 16·0 %, and 24·1 % of participants experienced
dental problems during the 12-month period. The women with
dental problems were more frequently underweight (19·9 % and
14·7 %; P 49 years old) and smokeless tobacco users. Age > 49
years, professions with inconsistent income, a lack of
education, smokeless tobacco use and low BMI were factors that
were significantly associated with dental problems, while
residency in a low-urbanisation area was a protective factor.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of underweight in rural Burkinab`e
women is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and women with
dental problems are more frequently affected than those without
dental problems. Public health measures for the prevention of
these disorders should specifically target women aged over 49
years and smokeless tobacco users. |
 | Adéla"ide Compaoré, Kadija Ouedraogo, Palwende R Boua, Daniella Watson, Sarah H Kehoe, Marie-Louise Newell, Halidou Tinto, Mary Barker, Hermann Sorgho, INPreP group ‘Men are not playing their roles’, maternal and child nutrition in Nanoro, Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Public Health Nutr., vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 3780–3790, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2727 1368-9800, (Place: England
PMID: 33000717). @article{Compaore2021-hg,
title = {'Men are not playing their roles', maternal and child nutrition in Nanoro, Burkina Faso},
author = {Ad\'{e}la"ide Compaor\'{e} and Kadija Ouedraogo and Palwende R Boua and Daniella Watson and Sarah H Kehoe and Marie-Louise Newell and Halidou Tinto and Mary Barker and Hermann Sorgho and INPreP group},
doi = {10.1017/S1368980020003365},
issn = {1475-2727 1368-9800},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-01},
urldate = {2021-08-01},
journal = {Public Health Nutr.},
volume = {24},
number = {12},
pages = {3780--3790},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To collect context-specific insights into maternal
and child health and nutrition issues, and to explore potential
solutions in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. DESIGN: Eleven focus groups
with men and women from eleven communities, facilitated by local
researchers. SETTING: The study took place in the Nanoro Health
district, in the West-Central part of Burkina Faso.
PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-six men (18-55 years) and women by age
group: 18-25; 26-34 and 35-55 years, participated in the group
discussions. RESULTS: Participants described barriers to optimal
nutrition of mothers and children related to a range of
community factors, with gender inequality as central. Major
themes in the discussions are related to poverty and challenges
generated by socially and culturally determined gender roles.
Sub-themes are women lacking access to food whilst pregnant and
having limited access to health care and opportunities to
generate income. Although communities believe that food
donations should be implemented to overcome this, they also
pointed out the need for enhancing their own food production,
requiring improved agricultural technologies. Given the
important role that women could play in reducing malnutrition,
these communities felt they needed to be empowered to do so and
supported by men. They also felt that this had to be carried out
in the context of an enhanced health care system. CONCLUSIONS:
Findings reported here highlight the importance of
nutrition-sensitive interventions and women's empowerment in
improving maternal and child nutrition. There is a need to
integrate a sustainable multi-sectorial approach which goes
beyond food support.},
note = {Place: England
PMID: 33000717},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Child, Child nutrition, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Community perceptions, Empowerment, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal nutrition, Mothers, Nutritional Status, Pregnancy, Qualitative research},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE: To collect context-specific insights into maternal
and child health and nutrition issues, and to explore potential
solutions in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. DESIGN: Eleven focus groups
with men and women from eleven communities, facilitated by local
researchers. SETTING: The study took place in the Nanoro Health
district, in the West-Central part of Burkina Faso.
PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-six men (18-55 years) and women by age
group: 18-25; 26-34 and 35-55 years, participated in the group
discussions. RESULTS: Participants described barriers to optimal
nutrition of mothers and children related to a range of
community factors, with gender inequality as central. Major
themes in the discussions are related to poverty and challenges
generated by socially and culturally determined gender roles.
Sub-themes are women lacking access to food whilst pregnant and
having limited access to health care and opportunities to
generate income. Although communities believe that food
donations should be implemented to overcome this, they also
pointed out the need for enhancing their own food production,
requiring improved agricultural technologies. Given the
important role that women could play in reducing malnutrition,
these communities felt they needed to be empowered to do so and
supported by men. They also felt that this had to be carried out
in the context of an enhanced health care system. CONCLUSIONS:
Findings reported here highlight the importance of
nutrition-sensitive interventions and women’s empowerment in
improving maternal and child nutrition. There is a need to
integrate a sustainable multi-sectorial approach which goes
beyond food support. |
 | Navideh Noori, Karim Derra, Innocent Valea, Assaf P Oron, Aminata Welgo, Toussaint Rouamba, Palwende Romuald Boua, Athanase M Somé, Eli Rouamba, Edward Wenger, Hermann Sorgho, Halidou Tinto, Andre Lin Ouédraogo Patterns of child mortality in rural area of Burkina Faso: evidence from the Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) (Journal Article) In: BMC Public Health, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1425, 2021, ISSN: 1471-2458, (© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34281547
PMCID: PMC8287796). @article{Noori2021-te,
title = {Patterns of child mortality in rural area of Burkina Faso: evidence from the Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS)},
author = {Navideh Noori and Karim Derra and Innocent Valea and Assaf P Oron and Aminata Welgo and Toussaint Rouamba and Palwende Romuald Boua and Athanase M Som\'{e} and Eli Rouamba and Edward Wenger and Hermann Sorgho and Halidou Tinto and Andre Lin Ou\'{e}draogo},
doi = {10.1186/s12889-021-11483-4},
issn = {1471-2458},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-19},
urldate = {2021-07-19},
journal = {BMC Public Health},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {1425},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Half of global child deaths occur in sub-Saharan
Africa. Understanding child mortality patterns and risk factors
will help inform interventions to reduce this heavy toll. The
Nanoro Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS),
Burkina Faso was described previously, but patterns and
potential drivers of heterogeneity in child mortality in the
district had not been studied. Similar studies in other
districts indicated proximity to health facilities as a risk
factor, usually without distinction between facility types.
METHODS: Using Nanoro HDSS data from 2009 to 2013, we estimated
the association between under-5 mortality and proximity to
inpatient and outpatient health facilities, seasonality of
death, age group, and standard demographic risk factors.
RESULTS: Living in homes 40-60 min and > 60 min travel time from
an inpatient facility was associated with 1.52 (95% CI:
1.13-2.06) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.27-2.40) greater hazard of
under-5 mortality, respectively, than living in homes < 20 min
from an inpatient facility. No such association was found for
outpatient facilities. The wet season (July-November) was
associated with 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.53) higher under-5
mortality than the dry season (December-June), likely reflecting
the malaria season. CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the
importance of geographical proximity to health care, distinguish
between inpatient and outpatient facilities, and also show a
seasonal effect, probably driven by malaria.},
note = {© 2021. The Author(s).
PMID: 34281547
PMCID: PMC8287796},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, child mortality, ChildHealth Facilities, Children under 5, Demographic surveillance, HDSS, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Nanoro, Spatial analysis, Travel},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Half of global child deaths occur in sub-Saharan
Africa. Understanding child mortality patterns and risk factors
will help inform interventions to reduce this heavy toll. The
Nanoro Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS),
Burkina Faso was described previously, but patterns and
potential drivers of heterogeneity in child mortality in the
district had not been studied. Similar studies in other
districts indicated proximity to health facilities as a risk
factor, usually without distinction between facility types.
METHODS: Using Nanoro HDSS data from 2009 to 2013, we estimated
the association between under-5 mortality and proximity to
inpatient and outpatient health facilities, seasonality of
death, age group, and standard demographic risk factors.
RESULTS: Living in homes 40-60 min and > 60 min travel time from
an inpatient facility was associated with 1.52 (95% CI:
1.13-2.06) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.27-2.40) greater hazard of
under-5 mortality, respectively, than living in homes < 20 min
from an inpatient facility. No such association was found for
outpatient facilities. The wet season (July-November) was
associated with 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.53) higher under-5
mortality than the dry season (December-June), likely reflecting
the malaria season. CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the
importance of geographical proximity to health care, distinguish
between inpatient and outpatient facilities, and also show a
seasonal effect, probably driven by malaria. |
 | Mariken Wit, Matthew Cairns, Yves Daniel Compaoré, Issaka Sagara, Irene Kuepfer, Issaka Zongo, Amadou Barry, Modibo Diarra, Amadou Tapily, Samba Coumare, Ismaila Thera, Frederic Nikiema, R Serge Yerbanga, Rosemonde M Guissou, Halidou Tinto, Alassane Dicko, Daniel Chandramohan, Brian Greenwood, Jean Bosco Ouedraogo Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria (Journal Article) In: Malar. J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 274, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2875, (PMID: 34158054
PMCID: PMC8220741). @article{De_Wit2021-yi,
title = {Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria},
author = {Mariken Wit and Matthew Cairns and Yves Daniel Compaor\'{e} and Issaka Sagara and Irene Kuepfer and Issaka Zongo and Amadou Barry and Modibo Diarra and Amadou Tapily and Samba Coumare and Ismaila Thera and Frederic Nikiema and R Serge Yerbanga and Rosemonde M Guissou and Halidou Tinto and Alassane Dicko and Daniel Chandramohan and Brian Greenwood and Jean Bosco Ouedraogo},
doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03802-2},
issn = {1475-2875},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-22},
urldate = {2021-06-22},
journal = {Malar. J.},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {274},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria and malnutrition remain major problems in
Sahel countries, especially in young children. The direct effect
of malnutrition on malaria remains poorly understood, and may
have important implications for malaria control. In this study,
nutritional status and the association between malnutrition and
subsequent incidence of symptomatic malaria were examined in
children in Burkina Faso and Mali who received either
azithromycin or placebo, alongside seasonal malaria
chemoprevention. METHODS: Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was
measured in all 20,185 children who attended a screening visit
prior to the malaria transmission season in 2015. Prior to the
2016 malaria season, weight, height and MUAC were measured among
4149 randomly selected children. Height-for-age, weight-for-age,
weight-for-height, and MUAC-for-age were calculated as
indicators of nutritional status. Malaria incidence was measured
during the following rainy seasons. Multivariable random effects
Poisson models were created for each nutritional indicator to
study the effect of malnutrition on clinical malaria incidence
for each country. RESULTS: In both 2015 and 2016, nutritional
status prior to the malaria season was poor. The most prevalent
form of malnutrition in Burkina Faso was being underweight
(30.5%; 95% CI 28.6-32.6), whereas in Mali stunting was most
prevalent (27.5%; 95% CI 25.6-29.5). In 2016, clinical malaria
incidence was 675 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 613-744) in
Burkina Faso, and 1245 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1152-1347)
in Mali. There was some evidence that severe stunting was
associated with lower incidence of malaria in Mali (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.64-1.02; p = 0.08), but this association was not seen
in Burkina Faso. Being moderately underweight tended to be
associated with higher incidence of clinical malaria in Burkina Faso (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07), while this was the
case in Mali for moderate wasting (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07). However, these associations were not observed in
severely affected children, nor consistent between countries.
MUAC-for-age was not associated with malaria risk. CONCLUSIONS:
Both malnutrition and malaria were common in the study areas,
high despite high coverage of seasonal malaria chemoprevention
and long-lasting insecticidal nets. However, no strong or
consistent evidence was found for an association between any of
the nutritional indicators and the subsequent incidence of
clinical malaria.},
note = {PMID: 34158054
PMCID: PMC8220741},
keywords = {Acute malnutrition, Antimalarials/administration \& dosage, Azithromycin/administration \& dosage, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Child, Chronic malnutrition, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Malaria, Malaria/epidemiology/transmission, Male, Nutritional Status, Preschool, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, Seasons},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Malaria and malnutrition remain major problems in
Sahel countries, especially in young children. The direct effect
of malnutrition on malaria remains poorly understood, and may
have important implications for malaria control. In this study,
nutritional status and the association between malnutrition and
subsequent incidence of symptomatic malaria were examined in
children in Burkina Faso and Mali who received either
azithromycin or placebo, alongside seasonal malaria
chemoprevention. METHODS: Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was
measured in all 20,185 children who attended a screening visit
prior to the malaria transmission season in 2015. Prior to the
2016 malaria season, weight, height and MUAC were measured among
4149 randomly selected children. Height-for-age, weight-for-age,
weight-for-height, and MUAC-for-age were calculated as
indicators of nutritional status. Malaria incidence was measured
during the following rainy seasons. Multivariable random effects
Poisson models were created for each nutritional indicator to
study the effect of malnutrition on clinical malaria incidence
for each country. RESULTS: In both 2015 and 2016, nutritional
status prior to the malaria season was poor. The most prevalent
form of malnutrition in Burkina Faso was being underweight
(30.5%; 95% CI 28.6-32.6), whereas in Mali stunting was most
prevalent (27.5%; 95% CI 25.6-29.5). In 2016, clinical malaria
incidence was 675 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 613-744) in
Burkina Faso, and 1245 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1152-1347)
in Mali. There was some evidence that severe stunting was
associated with lower incidence of malaria in Mali (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.64-1.02; p = 0.08), but this association was not seen
in Burkina Faso. Being moderately underweight tended to be
associated with higher incidence of clinical malaria in Burkina Faso (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07), while this was the
case in Mali for moderate wasting (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07). However, these associations were not observed in
severely affected children, nor consistent between countries.
MUAC-for-age was not associated with malaria risk. CONCLUSIONS:
Both malnutrition and malaria were common in the study areas,
high despite high coverage of seasonal malaria chemoprevention
and long-lasting insecticidal nets. However, no strong or
consistent evidence was found for an association between any of
the nutritional indicators and the subsequent incidence of
clinical malaria. |
 | Paul Sondo, Biebo Bihoun, Bérenger Kabore, Marc Christian Tahita, Karim Derra, Toussaint Rouamba, Seydou Nakanabo Diallo, Adama Kazienga, Hamidou Ilboudo, Innocent Valea, Zekiba Tarnagda, Hermann Sorgho, Thierry Lefevre, Halidou Tinto Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites and mutations in the resistance genes Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 in Nanoro area, Burkina Faso. (Journal Article) In: Pan Afr. Med. J., vol. 39, pp. 118, 2021, ISSN: 1937-8688, (Copyright: Paul Sondo et al.
PMID: 34512854
PMCID: PMC8396377). @article{Sondo2021-qe,
title = {Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites and mutations in the resistance genes Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 in Nanoro area, Burkina Faso.},
author = {Paul Sondo and Biebo Bihoun and B\'{e}renger Kabore and Marc Christian Tahita and Karim Derra and Toussaint Rouamba and Seydou Nakanabo Diallo and Adama Kazienga and Hamidou Ilboudo and Innocent Valea and Zekiba Tarnagda and Hermann Sorgho and Thierry Lefevre and Halidou Tinto},
doi = {10.11604/pamj.2021.39.118.26959},
issn = {1937-8688},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-10},
urldate = {2021-06-10},
journal = {Pan Afr. Med. J.},
volume = {39},
pages = {118},
publisher = {Pan African Medical Journal},
abstract = {Introduction: from a genetic point of view P. falciparumis
extremely polymorphic. There is a variety of parasite strains
infesting individuals living in malaria endemic areas. The
purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between
polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites and Pfcrt and
Pfmdr1 gene mutations in Nanoro area, Burkina Faso. Methods:
blood samples from plasmodium carriers residing in the Nanoro
Health District were genotyped using nested PCR. Parasite gene
mutations associated with resistance to antimalarial drugs were
detected by PCR-RFLP. Results: samples of 672 patients were
successfully genotyped. No msp1and msp2allelic families
exhibited an increase in developing mutations in resistance
genes. However, mutant strains of these genes were present at
greater levels in monoclonal infections than in multi-clonal
infections. Conclusion: this study provides an overview of the
relationship between polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum
parasites and mutations in resistance genes. These data will
undoubtedly contribute to improving knowledge of the parasite´s
biology and its mechanisms of resistance to antimalarial drugs.},
note = {Copyright: Paul Sondo et al.
PMID: 34512854
PMCID: PMC8396377},
keywords = {Antimalarials/pharmacology, Burkina Faso, Drug Resistance, Falciparum/drug therapy/parasitology, GeneticRestriction Fragment Length, Genotype, Humans, Malaria, Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics, msp1, msp2, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics, Mutation, Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects/genetics/isolation \& purification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Protozoan Proteins/genetics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Introduction: from a genetic point of view P. falciparumis
extremely polymorphic. There is a variety of parasite strains
infesting individuals living in malaria endemic areas. The
purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between
polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites and Pfcrt and
Pfmdr1 gene mutations in Nanoro area, Burkina Faso. Methods:
blood samples from plasmodium carriers residing in the Nanoro
Health District were genotyped using nested PCR. Parasite gene
mutations associated with resistance to antimalarial drugs were
detected by PCR-RFLP. Results: samples of 672 patients were
successfully genotyped. No msp1and msp2allelic families
exhibited an increase in developing mutations in resistance
genes. However, mutant strains of these genes were present at
greater levels in monoclonal infections than in multi-clonal
infections. Conclusion: this study provides an overview of the
relationship between polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum
parasites and mutations in resistance genes. These data will
undoubtedly contribute to improving knowledge of the parasite´s
biology and its mechanisms of resistance to antimalarial drugs. |
 | Yeka Adoke, Rella Zoleko-Manego, Serge Ouoba, Alfred B Tiono, Grace Kaguthi, Juv^encio Eduardo Bonzela, Tran Thanh Duong, Alain Nahum, Marielle Bouyou-Akotet, Bernhards Ogutu, Alphonse Ouedraogo, Fiona Macintyre, Andreas Jessel, Bart Laurijssens, Mohammed H Cherkaoui-Rbati, Cathy Cantalloube, Anne Claire Marrast, Rapha"el Bejuit, David White, Timothy N C Wells, Florian Wartha, Didier Leroy, Afizi Kibuuka, Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma, Daouda Ouattara, Ir`ene Mugenya, Bui Quang Phuc, Francis Bohissou, Denise P Mawili-Mboumba, Fredrick Olewe, Issiaka Soulama, Halidou Tinto, FALCI Study Group A randomized, double-blind, phase 2b study to investigate the efficacy, safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a single-dose regimen of ferroquine with artefenomel in adults and children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (Journal Article) In: Malar. J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 222, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2875, (PMID: 34011358
PMCID: PMC8135182). @article{Adoke2021-el,
title = {A randomized, double-blind, phase 2b study to investigate the efficacy, safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a single-dose regimen of ferroquine with artefenomel in adults and children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria},
author = {Yeka Adoke and Rella Zoleko-Manego and Serge Ouoba and Alfred B Tiono and Grace Kaguthi and Juv^encio Eduardo Bonzela and Tran Thanh Duong and Alain Nahum and Marielle Bouyou-Akotet and Bernhards Ogutu and Alphonse Ouedraogo and Fiona Macintyre and Andreas Jessel and Bart Laurijssens and Mohammed H Cherkaoui-Rbati and Cathy Cantalloube and Anne Claire Marrast and Rapha"el Bejuit and David White and Timothy N C Wells and Florian Wartha and Didier Leroy and Afizi Kibuuka and Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma and Daouda Ouattara and Ir`ene Mugenya and Bui Quang Phuc and Francis Bohissou and Denise P Mawili-Mboumba and Fredrick Olewe and Issiaka Soulama and Halidou Tinto and FALCI Study Group},
doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03749-4},
issn = {1475-2875},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-19},
urldate = {2021-05-19},
journal = {Malar. J.},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {222},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: For uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria,
highly efficacious single-dose treatments are expected to
increase compliance and improve treatment outcomes, and thereby
may slow the development of resistance. The efficacy and safety
of a single-dose combination of artefenomel (800 mg) plus
ferroquine (400/600/900/1200 mg doses) for the treatment of
uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were evaluated in Africa
(focusing on children $\leq$ 5 years) and Asia. METHODS: The
study was a randomized, double-blind, single-dose, multi-arm
clinical trial in patients aged > 6 months to 5 years and 20
Asian patients. None of the treatment arms met the target
efficacy criterion for PCR-adjusted ACPR at Day 28 (lower limit
of 95% confidence interval [CI] > 90%). PCR-adjusted ACPR at
Day 28 [95% CI] in the PP Set ranged from 78.4% [64.7; 88.7%]
to 91.7% [81.6; 97.2%] for the 400 mg to 1200 mg ferroquine
dose. Efficacy rates were low in Vietnamese patients, ranging
from 20 to 40%. A clear relationship was found between drug
exposure (artefenomel and ferroquine concentrations at Day 7)
and efficacy (primary endpoint), with higher concentrations of
both drugs resulting in higher efficacy. Six distinct kelch-13
mutations were detected in parasite isolates from 10/272 African
patients (with 2 mutations known to be associated with
artemisinin resistance) and 18/20 Asian patients (all C580Y
mutation). Vomiting within 6 h of initial artefenomel
administration was common (24.6%) and associated with lower
drug exposures. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of
artefenomel/ferroquine combination was suboptimal in African
children aged $\leq$ 5 years, the population of interest, and
vomiting most likely had a negative impact on efficacy. Trial
registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02497612. Registered 14 Jul
2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02497612?term=NCT02497612\&draw=2\&rank=1.},
note = {PMID: 34011358
PMCID: PMC8135182},
keywords = {Adamantane/administration \& dosage/analogs \& derivatives, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aminoquinolines/administration \& dosage, Benin, Burkina Faso, C580Y, Child, Combination treatment, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Exposure\textendashresponse, Falciparum/prevention \& control, Female, Ferroquine, Ferrous Compounds/administration \& dosage, Gabon, Humans, Infant, Kelch-13 mutation, Kenya, Malaria, Male, Metallocenes/administration \& dosage, Middle Aged, Mozambique, Parasite clearance, Peroxides/administration \& dosage, Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects, Preschool, resistance, Uganda, Vietnam, Vomiting, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: For uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria,
highly efficacious single-dose treatments are expected to
increase compliance and improve treatment outcomes, and thereby
may slow the development of resistance. The efficacy and safety
of a single-dose combination of artefenomel (800 mg) plus
ferroquine (400/600/900/1200 mg doses) for the treatment of
uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were evaluated in Africa
(focusing on children $łeq$ 5 years) and Asia. METHODS: The
study was a randomized, double-blind, single-dose, multi-arm
clinical trial in patients aged > 6 months to 5 years and 20
Asian patients. None of the treatment arms met the target
efficacy criterion for PCR-adjusted ACPR at Day 28 (lower limit
of 95% confidence interval [CI] > 90%). PCR-adjusted ACPR at
Day 28 [95% CI] in the PP Set ranged from 78.4% [64.7; 88.7%]
to 91.7% [81.6; 97.2%] for the 400 mg to 1200 mg ferroquine
dose. Efficacy rates were low in Vietnamese patients, ranging
from 20 to 40%. A clear relationship was found between drug
exposure (artefenomel and ferroquine concentrations at Day 7)
and efficacy (primary endpoint), with higher concentrations of
both drugs resulting in higher efficacy. Six distinct kelch-13
mutations were detected in parasite isolates from 10/272 African
patients (with 2 mutations known to be associated with
artemisinin resistance) and 18/20 Asian patients (all C580Y
mutation). Vomiting within 6 h of initial artefenomel
administration was common (24.6%) and associated with lower
drug exposures. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of
artefenomel/ferroquine combination was suboptimal in African
children aged $łeq$ 5 years, the population of interest, and
vomiting most likely had a negative impact on efficacy. Trial
registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02497612. Registered 14 Jul
2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02497612?term=NCT02497612&draw=2&rank=1. |
 | Mehreen S Datoo, Magloire H Natama, Athanase Somé, Ousmane Traoré, Toussaint Rouamba, Duncan Bellamy, Prisca Yameogo, Daniel Valia, Moubarak Tegneri, Florence Ouedraogo, Rachidatou Soma, Seydou Sawadogo, Faizatou Sorgho, Karim Derra, Eli Rouamba, Benedict Orindi, Fernando Ramos Lopez, Amy Flaxman, Federica Cappuccini, Reshma Kailath, Sean Elias, Ekta Mukhopadhyay, Andres Noe, Matthew Cairns, Alison Lawrie, Rachel Roberts, Innocent Valéa, Hermann Sorgho, Nicola Williams, Gregory Glenn, Louis Fries, Jenny Reimer, Katie J Ewer, Umesh Shaligram, Adrian V S Hill, Halidou Tinto Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial (Journal Article) In: Lancet, vol. 397, no. 10287, pp. 1809–1818, 2021, ISSN: 1474-547X 0140-6736, (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PMID: 33964223
PMCID: PMC8121760). @article{Datoo2021-dk,
title = {Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial},
author = {Mehreen S Datoo and Magloire H Natama and Athanase Som\'{e} and Ousmane Traor\'{e} and Toussaint Rouamba and Duncan Bellamy and Prisca Yameogo and Daniel Valia and Moubarak Tegneri and Florence Ouedraogo and Rachidatou Soma and Seydou Sawadogo and Faizatou Sorgho and Karim Derra and Eli Rouamba and Benedict Orindi and Fernando Ramos Lopez and Amy Flaxman and Federica Cappuccini and Reshma Kailath and Sean Elias and Ekta Mukhopadhyay and Andres Noe and Matthew Cairns and Alison Lawrie and Rachel Roberts and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Hermann Sorgho and Nicola Williams and Gregory Glenn and Louis Fries and Jenny Reimer and Katie J Ewer and Umesh Shaligram and Adrian V S Hill and Halidou Tinto},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00943-0},
issn = {1474-547X 0140-6736},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-15},
urldate = {2021-05-15},
journal = {Lancet},
volume = {397},
number = {10287},
pages = {1809--1818},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Stalled progress in controlling Plasmodium
falciparum malaria highlights the need for an effective and
deployable vaccine. RTS,S/AS01, the most effective malaria
vaccine candidate to date, demonstrated 56% efficacy over 12
months in African children. We therefore assessed a new
candidate vaccine for safety and efficacy. METHODS: In this
double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2b trial, the
low-dose circumsporozoite protein-based vaccine R21, with two
different doses of adjuvant Matrix-M (MM), was given to children
aged 5-17 months in Nanoro, Burkina Faso-a highly seasonal
malaria transmission setting. Three vaccinations were
administered at 4-week intervals before the malaria season, with
a fourth dose 1 year later. All vaccines were administered
intramuscularly into the thigh. Group 1 received 5 $mu$g R21
plus 25 $mu$g MM, group 2 received 5 $mu$g R21 plus 50 $mu$g
MM, and group 3, the control group, received rabies
vaccinations. Children were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to groups
1-3. An independent statistician generated a random allocation
list, using block randomisation with variable block sizes, which
was used to assign participants. Participants, their families,
and the local study team were all masked to group allocation.
Only the pharmacists preparing the vaccine were unmasked to
group allocation. Vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy
were evaluated over 1 year. The primary objective assessed
protective efficacy of R21 plus MM (R21/MM) from 14 days after
the third vaccination to 6 months. Primary analyses of vaccine
efficacy were based on a modified intention-to-treat population,
which included all participants who received three vaccinations,
allowing for inclusion of participants who received the wrong
vaccine at any timepoint. This trial is registered with
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03896724. FINDINGS: From May 7 to June
13, 2019, 498 children aged 5-17 months were screened, and 48
were excluded. 450 children were enrolled and received at least
one vaccination. 150 children were allocated to group 1, 150
children were allocated to group 2, and 150 children were
allocated to group 3. The final vaccination of the primary
series was administered on Aug 7, 2019. R21/MM had a favourable
safety profile and was well tolerated. The majority of adverse
events were mild, with the most common event being fever. None
of the seven serious adverse events were attributed to the
vaccine. At the 6-month primary efficacy analysis, 43 (29%) of
146 participants in group 1, 38 (26%) of 146 participants in
group 2, and 105 (71%) of 147 participants in group 3 developed
clinical malaria. Vaccine efficacy was 74% (95% CI 63-82) in
group 1 and 77% (67-84) in group 2 at 6 months. At 1 year,
vaccine efficacy remained high, at 77% (67-84) in group 1.
Participants vaccinated with R21/MM showed high titres of
malaria-specific anti-Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro (NANP) antibodies 28 days
after the third vaccination, which were almost doubled with the
higher adjuvant dose. Titres waned but were boosted to levels
similar to peak titres after the primary series of vaccinations
after a fourth dose administered 1 year later. INTERPRETATION:
R21/MM appears safe and very immunogenic in African children,
and shows promising high-level efficacy. FUNDING: The European
\& Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, Wellcome
Trust, and National Institute for Health Research Oxford
Biomedical Research Centre.},
note = {Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PMID: 33964223
PMCID: PMC8121760},
keywords = {Adjuvants, Burkina Faso, Double-Blind Method, Falciparum/prevention \& control, Female, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, Humans, Immunogenicity, Immunologic/administration \& dosage, Infant, Malaria, Malaria Vaccines/therapeutic use, Malaria/prevention \& control, Male, Nanoparticles/administration \& dosage, Proportional Hazards Models, Protozoan Proteins/immunology, Saponins/administration \& dosage, Treatment Outcome, Vaccine, Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/therapeutic use},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Stalled progress in controlling Plasmodium
falciparum malaria highlights the need for an effective and
deployable vaccine. RTS,S/AS01, the most effective malaria
vaccine candidate to date, demonstrated 56% efficacy over 12
months in African children. We therefore assessed a new
candidate vaccine for safety and efficacy. METHODS: In this
double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2b trial, the
low-dose circumsporozoite protein-based vaccine R21, with two
different doses of adjuvant Matrix-M (MM), was given to children
aged 5-17 months in Nanoro, Burkina Faso-a highly seasonal
malaria transmission setting. Three vaccinations were
administered at 4-week intervals before the malaria season, with
a fourth dose 1 year later. All vaccines were administered
intramuscularly into the thigh. Group 1 received 5 $mu$g R21
plus 25 $mu$g MM, group 2 received 5 $mu$g R21 plus 50 $mu$g
MM, and group 3, the control group, received rabies
vaccinations. Children were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to groups
1-3. An independent statistician generated a random allocation
list, using block randomisation with variable block sizes, which
was used to assign participants. Participants, their families,
and the local study team were all masked to group allocation.
Only the pharmacists preparing the vaccine were unmasked to
group allocation. Vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy
were evaluated over 1 year. The primary objective assessed
protective efficacy of R21 plus MM (R21/MM) from 14 days after
the third vaccination to 6 months. Primary analyses of vaccine
efficacy were based on a modified intention-to-treat population,
which included all participants who received three vaccinations,
allowing for inclusion of participants who received the wrong
vaccine at any timepoint. This trial is registered with
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03896724. FINDINGS: From May 7 to June
13, 2019, 498 children aged 5-17 months were screened, and 48
were excluded. 450 children were enrolled and received at least
one vaccination. 150 children were allocated to group 1, 150
children were allocated to group 2, and 150 children were
allocated to group 3. The final vaccination of the primary
series was administered on Aug 7, 2019. R21/MM had a favourable
safety profile and was well tolerated. The majority of adverse
events were mild, with the most common event being fever. None
of the seven serious adverse events were attributed to the
vaccine. At the 6-month primary efficacy analysis, 43 (29%) of
146 participants in group 1, 38 (26%) of 146 participants in
group 2, and 105 (71%) of 147 participants in group 3 developed
clinical malaria. Vaccine efficacy was 74% (95% CI 63-82) in
group 1 and 77% (67-84) in group 2 at 6 months. At 1 year,
vaccine efficacy remained high, at 77% (67-84) in group 1.
Participants vaccinated with R21/MM showed high titres of
malaria-specific anti-Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro (NANP) antibodies 28 days
after the third vaccination, which were almost doubled with the
higher adjuvant dose. Titres waned but were boosted to levels
similar to peak titres after the primary series of vaccinations
after a fourth dose administered 1 year later. INTERPRETATION:
R21/MM appears safe and very immunogenic in African children,
and shows promising high-level efficacy. FUNDING: The European
& Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, Wellcome
Trust, and National Institute for Health Research Oxford
Biomedical Research Centre. |
 | Sabine Gies, Stephen A Roberts, Salou Diallo, Olga M Lompo, Halidou Tinto, Bernard J Brabin Risk of malaria in young children after periconceptional iron supplementation (Journal Article) In: Matern. Child Nutr., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. e13106, 2021, ISSN: 1740-8709 1740-8695, (© 2020 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PMID: 33236840
PMCID: PMC7988873). @article{Gies2021-aw,
title = {Risk of malaria in young children after periconceptional iron supplementation},
author = {Sabine Gies and Stephen A Roberts and Salou Diallo and Olga M Lompo and Halidou Tinto and Bernard J Brabin},
doi = {10.1111/mcn.13106},
issn = {1740-8709 1740-8695},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-01},
urldate = {2021-04-01},
journal = {Matern. Child Nutr.},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {e13106},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {This study in Burkina Faso investigated whether offspring of young mothers who had received weekly periconceptional iron supplementation in a randomised controlled trial were at increased risk of malaria. A child safety survey was undertaken in the peak month of malaria transmission towards the end of the trial to assess child iron biomarkers, nutritional status, anaemia and malaria outcomes. Antenatal iron biomarkers, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and placental pathology for malaria and chorioamnionitis were assessed. Data were available for 180 babies surviving to the time of the survey when their median age was 9 months. Prevalence of maternal iron deficiency in the last trimester based on low body iron stores was 16%. Prevalence of active placental malaria infection was 24.8%, past infection 59% and chorioamnionitis 55.6%. Babies of iron supplemented women had lower median gestational age. Four out of five children ≥ 6 months were iron deficient, and 98% were anaemic. At 4 months malaria prevalence was 45%. Child iron biomarkers, anaemia and malaria outcomes did not differ by trial arm. Factors associated with childhood parasitaemia were third trimester C-reactive protein level (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1-3.9), active placental malaria (OR 5.8; 1.0-32.5, P = 0.042) and child body iron stores (OR 1.13; 1.04-1.23, P = 0.002). Chorioamnionitis was associated with reduced risk of child parasitaemia (OR 0.4; 0.1-1.0, P = 0.038). Periconceptional iron supplementation of young women did not alter body iron stores of their children. Higher child body iron stores and placental malaria increased risk of childhood parasitaemia.},
note = {© 2020 The Authors. Maternal \& Child Nutrition published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.
PMID: 33236840
PMCID: PMC7988873},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, child iron, Dietary Supplements/analysis, Female, Folic Acid, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Newborn, periconceptional, placenta, Pregnancy, Premature Birth, Preschool},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study in Burkina Faso investigated whether offspring of young mothers who had received weekly periconceptional iron supplementation in a randomised controlled trial were at increased risk of malaria. A child safety survey was undertaken in the peak month of malaria transmission towards the end of the trial to assess child iron biomarkers, nutritional status, anaemia and malaria outcomes. Antenatal iron biomarkers, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and placental pathology for malaria and chorioamnionitis were assessed. Data were available for 180 babies surviving to the time of the survey when their median age was 9 months. Prevalence of maternal iron deficiency in the last trimester based on low body iron stores was 16%. Prevalence of active placental malaria infection was 24.8%, past infection 59% and chorioamnionitis 55.6%. Babies of iron supplemented women had lower median gestational age. Four out of five children ≥ 6 months were iron deficient, and 98% were anaemic. At 4 months malaria prevalence was 45%. Child iron biomarkers, anaemia and malaria outcomes did not differ by trial arm. Factors associated with childhood parasitaemia were third trimester C-reactive protein level (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1-3.9), active placental malaria (OR 5.8; 1.0-32.5, P = 0.042) and child body iron stores (OR 1.13; 1.04-1.23, P = 0.002). Chorioamnionitis was associated with reduced risk of child parasitaemia (OR 0.4; 0.1-1.0, P = 0.038). Periconceptional iron supplementation of young women did not alter body iron stores of their children. Higher child body iron stores and placental malaria increased risk of childhood parasitaemia. |
 | Annelies Post, Berenger Kaboré, Joel Bognini, Salou Diallo, Palpouguini Lompo, Basile Kam, Natacha Herssens, Fred Opzeeland, Christa E Gaast-de Jongh, Jeroen D Langereis, Marien I Jonge, Janette Rahamat-Langendoen, Teun Bousema, Heiman Wertheim, Robert W Sauerwein, Halidou Tinto, Jan Jacobs, Quirijn Mast, Andre J Ven Infection Manager System (IMS) as a new hemocytometry-based bacteremia detection tool: A diagnostic accuracy study in a malaria-endemic area of Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. e0009187, 2021, ISSN: 1935-2735 1935-2727, (PMID: 33647009
PMCID: PMC7951874). @article{Post2021-zl,
title = {Infection Manager System (IMS) as a new hemocytometry-based bacteremia detection tool: A diagnostic accuracy study in a malaria-endemic area of Burkina Faso},
author = {Annelies Post and Berenger Kabor\'{e} and Joel Bognini and Salou Diallo and Palpouguini Lompo and Basile Kam and Natacha Herssens and Fred Opzeeland and Christa E Gaast-de Jongh and Jeroen D Langereis and Marien I Jonge and Janette Rahamat-Langendoen and Teun Bousema and Heiman Wertheim and Robert W Sauerwein and Halidou Tinto and Jan Jacobs and Quirijn Mast and Andre J Ven},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0009187},
issn = {1935-2735 1935-2727},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-03-01},
urldate = {2021-03-01},
journal = {PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {e0009187},
publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: New hemocytometric parameters can be used to
differentiate causes of acute febrile illness (AFI). We
evaluated a software algorithm-Infection Manager System
(IMS)-which uses hemocytometric data generated by Sysmex
hematology analyzers, for its accuracy to detect bacteremia in
AFI patients with and without malaria in Burkina Faso. Secondary
aims included comparing the accuracy of IMS with C-reactive
protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). METHODS: In a prospective
observational study, patients of $geq$ three-month-old (range 3
months- 90 years) presenting with AFI were enrolled. IMS, blood
culture and malaria diagnostics were done upon inclusion and
additional diagnostics on clinical indication. CRP, PCT, viral
multiplex PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs and bacterial- and malaria
PCR were batch-tested retrospectively. Diagnostic classification
was done retrospectively using all available data except IMS,
CRP and PCT results. FINDINGS: A diagnosis was affirmed in 549/914 (60.1%) patients and included malaria (n = 191) bacteremia (n = 69), viral infections (n = 145), and malaria-bacteremia co-infections (n = 47). The overall
sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of
IMS for detection of bacteremia in patients of $geq$ 5 years
were 97.0% (95% CI: 89.8-99.6), 68.2% (95% CI: 55.6-79.1)
and 95.7% (95% CI: 85.5-99.5) respectively, compared to 93.9%
(95% CI: 85.2-98.3), 39.4% (95% CI: 27.6-52.2), and 86.7%
(95% CI: 69.3-96.2) for CRP at $geq$20mg/L. The sensitivity,
specificity and NPV of PCT at 0.5 ng/ml were lower at
respectively 72.7% (95% CI: 60.4-83.0), 50.0% (95% CI:
37.4-62.6) and 64.7% (95% CI: 50.1-77.6) The diagnostic
accuracy of IMS was lower among malaria cases and patients <5
years but remained equal to- or higher than the accuracy of CRP.
INTERPRETATION: IMS is a new diagnostic tool to differentiate
causes of AFI. Its high NPV for bacteremia has the potential to
improve antibiotic dispensing practices in healthcare facilities
with hematology analyzers. Future studies are needed to evaluate
whether IMS, combined with malaria diagnostics, may be used to
rationalize antimicrobial prescription in malaria endemic areas.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02669823)
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02669823.},
note = {PMID: 33647009
PMCID: PMC7951874},
keywords = {Adolescent, Automation, Bacteremia/diagnosis, Burkina Faso, C-Reactive Protein/analysis, Child, Coinfection/diagnosis/microbiology/parasitology, Female, Fever of Unknown Origin/diagnosis, Humans, Infant, Laboratory/methods, Malaria/diagnosis, Male, Preschool, Procalcitonin/analysis, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Software, Virus Diseases/diagnosis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: New hemocytometric parameters can be used to
differentiate causes of acute febrile illness (AFI). We
evaluated a software algorithm-Infection Manager System
(IMS)-which uses hemocytometric data generated by Sysmex
hematology analyzers, for its accuracy to detect bacteremia in
AFI patients with and without malaria in Burkina Faso. Secondary
aims included comparing the accuracy of IMS with C-reactive
protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). METHODS: In a prospective
observational study, patients of $geq$ three-month-old (range 3
months- 90 years) presenting with AFI were enrolled. IMS, blood
culture and malaria diagnostics were done upon inclusion and
additional diagnostics on clinical indication. CRP, PCT, viral
multiplex PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs and bacterial- and malaria
PCR were batch-tested retrospectively. Diagnostic classification
was done retrospectively using all available data except IMS,
CRP and PCT results. FINDINGS: A diagnosis was affirmed in 549/914 (60.1%) patients and included malaria (n = 191) bacteremia (n = 69), viral infections (n = 145), and malaria-bacteremia co-infections (n = 47). The overall
sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of
IMS for detection of bacteremia in patients of $geq$ 5 years
were 97.0% (95% CI: 89.8-99.6), 68.2% (95% CI: 55.6-79.1)
and 95.7% (95% CI: 85.5-99.5) respectively, compared to 93.9%
(95% CI: 85.2-98.3), 39.4% (95% CI: 27.6-52.2), and 86.7%
(95% CI: 69.3-96.2) for CRP at $geq$20mg/L. The sensitivity,
specificity and NPV of PCT at 0.5 ng/ml were lower at
respectively 72.7% (95% CI: 60.4-83.0), 50.0% (95% CI:
37.4-62.6) and 64.7% (95% CI: 50.1-77.6) The diagnostic
accuracy of IMS was lower among malaria cases and patients <5
years but remained equal to- or higher than the accuracy of CRP.
INTERPRETATION: IMS is a new diagnostic tool to differentiate
causes of AFI. Its high NPV for bacteremia has the potential to
improve antibiotic dispensing practices in healthcare facilities
with hematology analyzers. Future studies are needed to evaluate
whether IMS, combined with malaria diagnostics, may be used to
rationalize antimicrobial prescription in malaria endemic areas.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02669823)
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02669823. |
 | Palpouguini Lompo, Marc Christian Tahita, Hermann Sorgho, William Kaboré, Adama Kazienga, Ashmed Cheick Bachirou Nana, Hamtandi Magloire Natama, Isidore Juste Ouindgueta Bonkoungou, Nicolas Barro, Halidou Tinto Pathogens associated with acute diarrhea, and comorbidity with malaria among children under five years old in rural Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Pan Afr. Med. J., vol. 38, pp. 259, 2021, ISSN: 1937-8688, (Copyright: Palpouguini Lompo et al.
PMID: 34104307
PMCID: PMC8164431). @article{Lompo2021-sk,
title = {Pathogens associated with acute diarrhea, and comorbidity with malaria among children under five years old in rural Burkina Faso},
author = {Palpouguini Lompo and Marc Christian Tahita and Hermann Sorgho and William Kabor\'{e} and Adama Kazienga and Ashmed Cheick Bachirou Nana and Hamtandi Magloire Natama and Isidore Juste Ouindgueta Bonkoungou and Nicolas Barro and Halidou Tinto},
doi = {10.11604/pamj.2021.38.259.15864},
issn = {1937-8688},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-03-01},
urldate = {2021-03-01},
journal = {Pan Afr. Med. J.},
volume = {38},
pages = {259},
publisher = {Pan African Medical Journal},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: acute diarrhea in children under five years is a public health problem in developing countries and particularly in malaria-endemic areas where both diseases co-exist. The present study examined the etiology of childhood diarrhea and its comorbidity with malaria in a rural area of Burkina Faso.
METHODS: conventional culture techniques, direct stools examination, and viruses´ detection by rapid tests were performed on the fresh stools and microscopy was used to diagnose malaria. Some risk factors were also assessed. RESULTS: on a total of 191 samples collected, at least one pathogen was identified in 89 cases (46.6%). The proportions of pathogens found on the 89 positive stool samples were parasites 51.69% (46 cases), viruses 39.33% (35 cases), and bacteria 14.61% (13 cases), respectively. The relationship between malaria and infectious diarrhea was significant in viral and parasites causes (p=0.005 and 0.043 respectively). Fever, vomiting and abdominal pain were the major symptoms associated with diarrhea, with 71.51%, 31.72% and 23.66% respectively. The highest viral diarrhea prevalence was reported during the dry season (OR=5.29, 95% CI: 1.74 - 16.07, p=0.001) while parasite diarrhea was more encountered during the rainy season (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.33 - 0.87, p=0.011). CONCLUSION: Giardia spp and rotavirus were the leading cause of acute diarrhea in Nanoro, Burkina Faso with a predominance of rotavirus in children less than 2 years. Parasite and viral diarrhea were the most pathogens associated with malaria. However, the high rate of negative stool samples suggests the need to determine other enteric microorganisms.},
note = {Copyright: Palpouguini Lompo et al.
PMID: 34104307
PMCID: PMC8164431},
keywords = {Abdominal Pain/epidemiology, Acute Disease, bacteria, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Child, Comorbidity, Diarrhea, Diarrhea/epidemiology/microbiology, Female, Fever/epidemiology, Giardiasis/epidemiology, Humans, Infant, infectious, Malaria, Malaria/epidemiology, Male, parasite, pathogens, Preschool, Prevalence, Risk Factors, rotavirus, Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology, Rural Population, Seasons, Vomiting/epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
INTRODUCTION: acute diarrhea in children under five years is a public health problem in developing countries and particularly in malaria-endemic areas where both diseases co-exist. The present study examined the etiology of childhood diarrhea and its comorbidity with malaria in a rural area of Burkina Faso.
METHODS: conventional culture techniques, direct stools examination, and viruses´ detection by rapid tests were performed on the fresh stools and microscopy was used to diagnose malaria. Some risk factors were also assessed. RESULTS: on a total of 191 samples collected, at least one pathogen was identified in 89 cases (46.6%). The proportions of pathogens found on the 89 positive stool samples were parasites 51.69% (46 cases), viruses 39.33% (35 cases), and bacteria 14.61% (13 cases), respectively. The relationship between malaria and infectious diarrhea was significant in viral and parasites causes (p=0.005 and 0.043 respectively). Fever, vomiting and abdominal pain were the major symptoms associated with diarrhea, with 71.51%, 31.72% and 23.66% respectively. The highest viral diarrhea prevalence was reported during the dry season (OR=5.29, 95% CI: 1.74 – 16.07, p=0.001) while parasite diarrhea was more encountered during the rainy season (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.33 – 0.87, p=0.011). CONCLUSION: Giardia spp and rotavirus were the leading cause of acute diarrhea in Nanoro, Burkina Faso with a predominance of rotavirus in children less than 2 years. Parasite and viral diarrhea were the most pathogens associated with malaria. However, the high rate of negative stool samples suggests the need to determine other enteric microorganisms. |
 | Hamatandi Magloire Natama, Eduard Rovira-Vallbona, Meryam Krit, Pieter Guetens, Hermann Sorgho, M Athanase Somé, Maminata Traoré-Coulibaly, Innocent Valéa, Petra F Mens, Henk D F H Schallig, Dirk Berkvens, Luc Kestens, Halidou Tinto, Anna Rosanas-Urgell Genetic variation in the immune system and malaria susceptibility in infants: a nested case-control study in Nanoro, Burkina Faso (Journal Article) In: Malar. J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 94, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2875, (PMID: 33593344
PMCID: PMC7885350). @article{Natama2021-ft,
title = {Genetic variation in the immune system and malaria susceptibility in infants: a nested case-control study in Nanoro, Burkina Faso},
author = {Hamatandi Magloire Natama and Eduard Rovira-Vallbona and Meryam Krit and Pieter Guetens and Hermann Sorgho and M Athanase Som\'{e} and Maminata Traor\'{e}-Coulibaly and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Petra F Mens and Henk D F H Schallig and Dirk Berkvens and Luc Kestens and Halidou Tinto and Anna Rosanas-Urgell},
doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03628-y},
issn = {1475-2875},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-16},
urldate = {2021-02-01},
journal = {Malar. J.},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {94},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Genetic polymorphisms in the human immune system
modulate susceptibility to malaria. However, there is a paucity
of data on the contribution of immunogenetic variants to malaria
susceptibility in infants, who present differential biological
features related to the immaturity of their adaptive immune
system, the protective effect of maternal antibodies and fetal
haemoglobin. This study investigated the association between
genetic variation in innate immune response genes and malaria
susceptibility during the first year of life in 656 infants from
a birth cohort survey performed in Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
METHODS: Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11
genes of the immune system previously associated with different
malaria phenotypes were genotyped using TaqMan allelic
hybridization assays in a Fluidigm platform. Plasmodium
falciparum infection and clinical disease were documented by
active and passive case detection. Case-control association
analyses for both alleles and genotypes were carried out using
univariate and multivariate logistic regression. For cytokines
showing significant SNP associations in multivariate analyses,
cord blood supernatant concentrations were measured by
quantitative suspension array technology (Luminex). RESULTS:
Genetic variants in IL-1$beta$ (rs1143634) and
Fc$gamma$RIIA/CD32 (rs1801274)-both in allelic, dominant and
co-dominant models-were significantly associated with protection
from both P. falciparum infection and clinical malaria.
Furthermore, heterozygote individuals with rs1801274 SNP in
Fc$gamma$RIIA/CD32 showed higher IL-1RA levels compared to wild-type homozygotes (P = 0.024), a cytokine whose production
is promoted by the binding of IgG immune complexes to Fc$gamma$
receptors on effector immune cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings
indicate that genetic polymorphisms in genes driving innate
immune responses are associated to malaria susceptibility during
the first year of life, possibly by modulating production of
inflammatory mediators.},
note = {PMID: 33593344
PMCID: PMC7885350},
keywords = {Burkina Faso, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines, Falciparum/parasitology, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Humans, Immunity, Immunogenetic variants, Infant, Innate immunity, Innate/genetics, Malaria, Male, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum/physiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Genetic polymorphisms in the human immune system
modulate susceptibility to malaria. However, there is a paucity
of data on the contribution of immunogenetic variants to malaria
susceptibility in infants, who present differential biological
features related to the immaturity of their adaptive immune
system, the protective effect of maternal antibodies and fetal
haemoglobin. This study investigated the association between
genetic variation in innate immune response genes and malaria
susceptibility during the first year of life in 656 infants from
a birth cohort survey performed in Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
METHODS: Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11
genes of the immune system previously associated with different
malaria phenotypes were genotyped using TaqMan allelic
hybridization assays in a Fluidigm platform. Plasmodium
falciparum infection and clinical disease were documented by
active and passive case detection. Case-control association
analyses for both alleles and genotypes were carried out using
univariate and multivariate logistic regression. For cytokines
showing significant SNP associations in multivariate analyses,
cord blood supernatant concentrations were measured by
quantitative suspension array technology (Luminex). RESULTS:
Genetic variants in IL-1$beta$ (rs1143634) and
Fc$gamma$RIIA/CD32 (rs1801274)-both in allelic, dominant and
co-dominant models-were significantly associated with protection
from both P. falciparum infection and clinical malaria.
Furthermore, heterozygote individuals with rs1801274 SNP in
Fc$gamma$RIIA/CD32 showed higher IL-1RA levels compared to wild-type homozygotes (P = 0.024), a cytokine whose production
is promoted by the binding of IgG immune complexes to Fc$gamma$
receptors on effector immune cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings
indicate that genetic polymorphisms in genes driving innate
immune responses are associated to malaria susceptibility during
the first year of life, possibly by modulating production of
inflammatory mediators. |
 | Adama Gansané, Leah F Moriarty, Didier Ménard, Isidore Yerbanga, Esperance Ouedraogo, Paul Sondo, Rene Kinda, Casimir Tarama, Edwige Soulama, Madou Tapsoba, David Kangoye, Cheick Said Compaore, Ousmane Badolo, Blami Dao, Samuel Tchwenko, Halidou Tinto, Innocent Valea Anti-malarial efficacy and resistance monitoring of artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine shows inadequate efficacy in children in Burkina Faso, 2017-2018 (Journal Article) In: Malar. J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 48, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2875. @article{Gansane2021-yh,
title = {Anti-malarial efficacy and resistance monitoring of artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine shows inadequate efficacy in children in Burkina Faso, 2017-2018},
author = {Adama Gansan\'{e} and Leah F Moriarty and Didier M\'{e}nard and Isidore Yerbanga and Esperance Ouedraogo and Paul Sondo and Rene Kinda and Casimir Tarama and Edwige Soulama and Madou Tapsoba and David Kangoye and Cheick Said Compaore and Ousmane Badolo and Blami Dao and Samuel Tchwenko and Halidou Tinto and Innocent Valea},
doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03585-6},
issn = {1475-2875},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-19},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Malar. J.},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {48},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends regularly
assessing the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy
(ACT), which is a critical tool in the fight against malaria.
This study evaluated the efficacy of two artemisinin-based
combinations recommended to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium
falciparum malaria in Burkina Faso in three sites: Niangoloko,
Nanoro, and Gourcy. METHODS: This was a two-arm randomized
control trial of the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (AL)
and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP). Children aged 6-59
months old were monitored for 42 days. The primary outcomes of
the study were uncorrected and PCR-corrected efficacies to day
28 for AL and 42 for DP. Molecular markers of resistance to
artemisinin derivatives and partner drugs were also analysed.
RESULTS: Of 720 children enrolled, 672 reached study endpoints
at day 28, 333 in the AL arm and 339 in the DP arm.
PCR-corrected 28-day per protocol efficacy in the AL arm was
74% (64-83%) in Nanoro, 76% (66-83%) in Gourcy, and 92%
(84-96%) in Niangoloko. The PCR-corrected 42-day per protocol
efficacy in the DP arm was 84% (75-89%) in Gourcy, 89%
(81-94%) in Nanoro, and 97% (92-99%) in Niangoloko. No Pfk13
mutation previously associated with artemisinin-resistance was
observed. No statistically significant association was found
between treatment outcome and presence of the 86Y mutation in
the Pfmdr1 gene. There was also no association observed between
treatment outcome and Pfpm2 or Pfmdr1 copy number variation.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate evidence of
inadequate efficacy of AL at day 28 and DP at day 42 in the same
two sites. A change of first-line ACT may be warranted in
Burkina Faso. Trial Registry Pan African Clinical Trial Registry
Identifier: PACTR201708002499311. Date of registration: 8/3/2017
https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx.},
keywords = {Antimalarial, Antimalarials/pharmacology, Artemether, Artemether-lumefantrine, Artemisinins/pharmacology, Burkina Faso, Child, Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, Drug Resistance, Efficacy, Falciparum/drug therapy, Female, Lumefantrine Drug Combination/pharmacology, Malaria, Male, Plasmodium falciparum, Preschool, Quinolines/pharmacology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends regularly
assessing the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy
(ACT), which is a critical tool in the fight against malaria.
This study evaluated the efficacy of two artemisinin-based
combinations recommended to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium
falciparum malaria in Burkina Faso in three sites: Niangoloko,
Nanoro, and Gourcy. METHODS: This was a two-arm randomized
control trial of the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (AL)
and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP). Children aged 6-59
months old were monitored for 42 days. The primary outcomes of
the study were uncorrected and PCR-corrected efficacies to day
28 for AL and 42 for DP. Molecular markers of resistance to
artemisinin derivatives and partner drugs were also analysed.
RESULTS: Of 720 children enrolled, 672 reached study endpoints
at day 28, 333 in the AL arm and 339 in the DP arm.
PCR-corrected 28-day per protocol efficacy in the AL arm was
74% (64-83%) in Nanoro, 76% (66-83%) in Gourcy, and 92%
(84-96%) in Niangoloko. The PCR-corrected 42-day per protocol
efficacy in the DP arm was 84% (75-89%) in Gourcy, 89%
(81-94%) in Nanoro, and 97% (92-99%) in Niangoloko. No Pfk13
mutation previously associated with artemisinin-resistance was
observed. No statistically significant association was found
between treatment outcome and presence of the 86Y mutation in
the Pfmdr1 gene. There was also no association observed between
treatment outcome and Pfpm2 or Pfmdr1 copy number variation.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate evidence of
inadequate efficacy of AL at day 28 and DP at day 42 in the same
two sites. A change of first-line ACT may be warranted in
Burkina Faso. Trial Registry Pan African Clinical Trial Registry
Identifier: PACTR201708002499311. Date of registration: 8/3/2017
https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx. |