| Palpouguini Lompo, Anne Sophie Heroes, Esenam Agbobli, Adama Kazienga, Marjan Peeters, Halidou Tinto, Katrien Lagrou, Lassana Sangaré, Dissou Affolabi, Jan Jacobs Growth of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Hand Hygiene Products in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in West Africa—A Cross-Sectional Survey Journal Article In: Pathogens, vol. 12, iss. 7, pp. 917, 2023, ISSN: 20760817. @article{Lompo2023,
title = {Growth of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Hand Hygiene Products in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in West Africa\textemdashA Cross-Sectional Survey},
author = {Palpouguini Lompo and Anne Sophie Heroes and Esenam Agbobli and Adama Kazienga and Marjan Peeters and Halidou Tinto and Katrien Lagrou and Lassana Sangar\'{e} and Dissou Affolabi and Jan Jacobs},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/7/917/htm https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/7/917},
doi = {10.3390/PATHOGENS12070917/S1},
issn = {20760817},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Pathogens},
volume = {12},
issue = {7},
pages = {917},
publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
abstract = {Antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products can act as reservoirs of Gram-negative bacteria causing healthcare-associated infections. This problem is rarely documented in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In a cross-sectional survey, we assessed the bacterial contamination of antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products in two university hospitals in Burkina Faso and Benin. During ward visits and staff interviews, in-use products were cultured for the presence of Gram-negative bacteria. The growth of Gram-negative bacteria was absent or rare in alcohol-based products, povidone iodine, and Dakin solution. Contamination was highest (73.9% (51/69)) for liquid soap products (versus antiseptic/disinfectants (4.5%, 7/157) (p \< 0.0001)), mostly used in high-risk areas and associated with high total bacterial counts (\>10,000 colony-forming units/mL). Contaminating flora (105 isolates) included Enterobacterales and the Vibrio non-cholerae/Aeromonas group (17.1%) and non-fermentative Gram-negative rods (82.8%). Multidrug resistance was present among 9/16 Enterobacterales (Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp.) and 3/12 Acinetobacter spp., including carbapenem resistance (Acinetobacter baumannii: NDM, Pseudomonas stutzeri: VIM). The risk factors for contamination included the type of product (cleaning grade and in-house prepared liquid soap), use of recycled disposable containers and soft drink bottles, absence of labeling, topping-up of containers, dilution with tap water (pharmacy and ward), and poor-quality management (procurement, stock management, expiry dates, and period after opening).},
keywords = {antiseptics, bacteria, cross-sectional, disinfectants, Gram-negative, hand hygiene, healthcare-associated infections, low-and middle-income countries, resistance, West Africa},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products can act as reservoirs of Gram-negative bacteria causing healthcare-associated infections. This problem is rarely documented in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In a cross-sectional survey, we assessed the bacterial contamination of antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products in two university hospitals in Burkina Faso and Benin. During ward visits and staff interviews, in-use products were cultured for the presence of Gram-negative bacteria. The growth of Gram-negative bacteria was absent or rare in alcohol-based products, povidone iodine, and Dakin solution. Contamination was highest (73.9% (51/69)) for liquid soap products (versus antiseptic/disinfectants (4.5%, 7/157) (p < 0.0001)), mostly used in high-risk areas and associated with high total bacterial counts (>10,000 colony-forming units/mL). Contaminating flora (105 isolates) included Enterobacterales and the Vibrio non-cholerae/Aeromonas group (17.1%) and non-fermentative Gram-negative rods (82.8%). Multidrug resistance was present among 9/16 Enterobacterales (Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp.) and 3/12 Acinetobacter spp., including carbapenem resistance (Acinetobacter baumannii: NDM, Pseudomonas stutzeri: VIM). The risk factors for contamination included the type of product (cleaning grade and in-house prepared liquid soap), use of recycled disposable containers and soft drink bottles, absence of labeling, topping-up of containers, dilution with tap water (pharmacy and ward), and poor-quality management (procurement, stock management, expiry dates, and period after opening). |
