@article{Jaspard2021-bl,

title = {Clinical presentation, outcomes and factors associated with  mortality: A prospective study from three COVID-19 referral  care centres in West Africa},

author = {Marie Jaspard and Mamadou Saliou Sow and Sylvain Juchet and Eric Diender\'{e} and Beatrice Serra and Richard Kojan and Billy Sivahera and Caroline Martin and Moumouni Kinda and Hans-Joerg Lang and Fod\'{e} Bangaly Sako and Fod\'{e} Amara Traor\'{e} and Eudoxie Koumbem and Halidou Tinto and Adama Sanou and Apoline Sondo and Flavien Kabor\'{e} and Joseph Donamou and Jean-Paul-Yassa Guilavogui and Fanny Velardo and Brice Bicaba and Olivier Marcy and Augustin Augier and Sani Sayadi and Armel Poda and Sakoba Keita and Xavier Anglaret and Denis Malvy and COVISTA group},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.024},

issn = {1878-3511 1201-9712},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-01},

urldate = {2021-07-01},

journal = {Int. J. Infect. Dis.},

volume = {108},

pages = {45--52},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The overall death toll from COVID-19 in Africa is 

 reported to be low but there is little individual-level evidence 

 on the severity of the disease. This study examined the clinical 

 spectrum and outcome of patients monitored in COVID-19 care 

 centres (CCCs) in two West-African countries. METHODS: Burkina 

 Faso and Guinea set up referral CCCs to hospitalise all 

 symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, regardless of the severity of 

 their symptoms. Data collected from hospitalised patients by 

 November 2020 are presented. RESULT: A total of 1,805 patients 

 (64% men, median age 41 years) were admitted with COVID-19. 

 Symptoms lasted for a median of 7 days (IQR 4-11). During 

 hospitalisation, 443 (25%) had a SpO2 \< 94% at least once, 237 

 (13%) received oxygen and 266 (15%) took corticosteroids. 

 Mortality was 5% overall, and 1%, 5% and 14% in patients 

 aged \<40, 40-59 and $geq$60 years, respectively. In 

 multivariable analysis, the risk of death was higher in men (aOR 

 2.0, 95% CI 1.1; 3.6), people aged $geq$60 years (aOR 2.9, 

 95% CI 1.7; 4.8) and those with chronic hypertension (aOR 2.1, 

 95% CI 1.2; 3.4). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is as severe in Africa 

 as elsewhere, and there must be more vigilance for common risk 

 factors such as older age and hypertension.},

note = {Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

PMID: 34000419 

PMCID: PMC8120805},

keywords = {Adult, Aged, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Comorbidities, COVID-19, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Mortality, Prospective Studies, Referral and Consultation, SARS-Cov-2, sub-Saharan Africa},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Adoke2021-el,

title = {A randomized, double-blind, phase 2b study to investigate the  efficacy, safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a  single-dose regimen of ferroquine with artefenomel in adults and  children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria},

author = {Yeka Adoke and Rella Zoleko-Manego and Serge Ouoba and Alfred B Tiono and Grace Kaguthi and Juv^encio Eduardo Bonzela and Tran Thanh Duong and Alain Nahum and Marielle Bouyou-Akotet and Bernhards Ogutu and Alphonse Ouedraogo and Fiona Macintyre and Andreas Jessel and Bart Laurijssens and Mohammed H Cherkaoui-Rbati and Cathy Cantalloube and Anne Claire Marrast and Rapha"el Bejuit and David White and Timothy N C Wells and Florian Wartha and Didier Leroy and Afizi Kibuuka and Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma and Daouda Ouattara and Ir`ene Mugenya and Bui Quang Phuc and Francis Bohissou and Denise P Mawili-Mboumba and Fredrick Olewe and Issiaka Soulama and Halidou Tinto and FALCI Study Group},

doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03749-4},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-19},

urldate = {2021-05-19},

journal = {Malar. J.},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {222},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: For uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, 

 highly efficacious single-dose treatments are expected to 

 increase compliance and improve treatment outcomes, and thereby 

 may slow the development of resistance. The efficacy and safety 

 of a single-dose combination of artefenomel (800 mg) plus 

 ferroquine (400/600/900/1200 mg doses) for the treatment of 

 uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were evaluated in Africa 

 (focusing on children $\leq$ 5 years) and Asia. METHODS: The 

 study was a randomized, double-blind, single-dose, multi-arm 

 clinical trial in patients aged \> 6 months to 5 years and 20 

 Asian patients. None of the treatment arms met the target 

 efficacy criterion for PCR-adjusted ACPR at Day 28 (lower limit 

 of 95% confidence interval [CI] \> 90%). PCR-adjusted ACPR at 

 Day 28 [95% CI] in the PP Set ranged from 78.4% [64.7; 88.7%] 

 to 91.7% [81.6; 97.2%] for the 400 mg to 1200 mg ferroquine 

 dose. Efficacy rates were low in Vietnamese patients, ranging 

 from 20 to 40%. A clear relationship was found between drug 

 exposure (artefenomel and ferroquine concentrations at Day 7) 

 and efficacy (primary endpoint), with higher concentrations of 

 both drugs resulting in higher efficacy. Six distinct kelch-13 

 mutations were detected in parasite isolates from 10/272 African 

 patients (with 2 mutations known to be associated with 

 artemisinin resistance) and 18/20 Asian patients (all C580Y 

 mutation). Vomiting within 6 h of initial artefenomel 

 administration was common (24.6%) and associated with lower 

 drug exposures. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of 

 artefenomel/ferroquine combination was suboptimal in African 

 children aged $\leq$ 5 years, the population of interest, and 

 vomiting most likely had a negative impact on efficacy. Trial 

 registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02497612. Registered 14 Jul 

 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02497612?term=NCT02497612\&draw=2\&rank=1.},

note = {PMID: 34011358 

PMCID: PMC8135182},

keywords = {Adamantane/administration \& dosage/analogs \& derivatives, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aminoquinolines/administration \& dosage, Benin, Burkina Faso, C580Y, Child, Combination treatment, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Exposure\textendashresponse, Falciparum/prevention \& control, Female, Ferroquine, Ferrous Compounds/administration \& dosage, Gabon, Humans, Infant, Kelch-13 mutation, Kenya, Malaria, Male, Metallocenes/administration \& dosage, Middle Aged, Mozambique, Parasite clearance, Peroxides/administration \& dosage, Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects, Preschool, resistance, Uganda, Vietnam, Vomiting, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Skrip2020-fq,

title = {Clinical management and mortality among COVID-19 cases in  sub-Saharan Africa: A retrospective study from Burkina Faso and  simulated case analysis},

author = {Laura Skrip and Karim Derra and Mikaila Kabor\'{e} and Navideh Noori and Adama Gansan\'{e} and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Halidou Tinto and Bicaba W Brice and Mollie Van Gordon and Brittany Hagedorn and Herv\'{e} Hien and Benjamin M Althouse and Edward A Wenger and Andr\'{e} Lin Ou\'{e}draogo},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1432},

issn = {1878-3511 1201-9712},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-01},

urldate = {2020-12-01},

journal = {Int. J. Infect. Dis.},

volume = {101},

pages = {194--200},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Absolute numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths 

 reported to date in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region have 

 been significantly lower than those across the Americas, Asia 

 and Europe. As a result, there has been limited information 

 about the demographic and clinical characteristics of deceased 

 cases in the region, as well as the impacts of different case 

 management strategies. METHODS: Data from deceased cases 

 reported across SSA through 10 May 2020 and from hospitalized 

 cases in Burkina Faso through 15 April 2020 were analyzed. 

 Demographic, epidemiological and clinical information on 

 deceased cases in SSA was derived through a line-list of 

 publicly available information and, for cases in Burkina Faso, 

 from aggregate records at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire 

 de Tengandogo in Ouagadougou. A synthetic case population was 

 probabilistically derived using distributions of age, sex and 

 underlying conditions from populations of West African countries 

 to assess individual risk factors and treatment effect sizes. 

 Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the 

 adjusted odds of survival for patients receiving oxygen therapy 

 or convalescent plasma, based on therapeutic effectiveness 

 observed for other respiratory illnesses. RESULTS: Across SSA, 

 deceased cases for which demographic data were available were 

 predominantly male (63/103, 61.2%) and aged \>50 years (59/75, 

 78.7%). In Burkina Faso, specifically, the majority of deceased 

 cases either did not seek care at all or were hospitalized for a 

 single day (59.4%, 19/32). Hypertension and diabetes were often 

 reported as underlying conditions. After adjustment for sex, age 

 and underlying conditions in the synthetic case population, the 

 odds of mortality for cases not receiving oxygen therapy were 

 significantly higher than for those receiving oxygen, such as 

 due to disruptions to standard care (OR 2.07; 95% CI 

 1.56-2.75). Cases receiving convalescent plasma had 50% reduced 

 odds of mortality than those who did not (95% CI 0.24-0.93). 

 CONCLUSIONS: Investment in sustainable production and 

 maintenance of supplies for oxygen therapy, along with messaging 

 around early and appropriate use for healthcare providers, 

 caregivers and patients could reduce COVID-19 deaths in SSA. 

 Further investigation into convalescent plasma is warranted 

 until data on its effectiveness specifically in treating 

 COVID-19 becomes available. The success of supportive or 

 curative clinical interventions will depend on earlier treatment 

 seeking, such that community engagement and risk communication 

 will be critical components of the response.},

note = {Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

PMID: 32987177 

PMCID: PMC7518969},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Africa South of the Sahara, Aged, Antiviral Agents/administration \& dosage, Asia/epidemiology, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Child, Clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: convalescent plasma, COVID-19/drug therapy/epidemiology/mortality/therapy, Europe/epidemiology, Female, Health systems strengthening, Humans, Immunization, Infant, Male, Mortality, Oxygen therapy, Pandemics, Passive, Preschool, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2 infection, SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/physiology, sub-Saharan Africa, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}