@article{Sondo2022,

title = {Boosting the impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) through simultaneous screening and treatment of household members of children receiving SMC in Burkina Faso: a protocol for a randomized open label trial},

author = {Paul Sondo and Marc Christian Tahita and Hamidou Ilboudo and Toussaint Rouamba and Karim Derra and Gauthier Tougri and Florence Ou\'{e}draogo and B\'{e}atrice Marie Ad\'{e}la\"{i}de Konseibo and Eli Roamba and Sabina Dahlstr\"{o}m Otienoburu and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Kalynn Kennon and Kadija Ou\'{e}draogo and Wend-Timbe-Noma Arlette Ra\"{i}ssa Zongo and Fadima Yaya Bocoum and Kasia Stepniewska and Mehul Dhorda and Philippe J. Gu\'{e}rin and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13690-022-00800-x},

doi = {10.1186/s13690-022-00800-x},

issn = {2049-3258},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Public Health},

volume = {80},

issue = {1},

pages = {41},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health concern in sub-Sahara Africa. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is one of the most important preventive interventions. Despite its implementation, the burden of malaria is still very high in children under five years old in Burkina Faso, suggesting that the expected impact of this promising strategy might not be attained. Development of innovative strategies to improve the efficacy of these existing malaria control measures is essential. In such context, we postulate that screening and treatment of malaria in household members of children receiving SMC could greatly improve the impact of SMC intervention and reduce malaria transmission in endemic settings. METHODS This randomized superiority trial will be carried out in the Nanoro health district, Burkina Faso. The unit of randomisation will be the household and all eligible children from a household will be allocated to the same study group. Households with 3-59 months old children will be assigned to either (i) control group (SMC alone) or (ii) intervention (SMC+ screening of household members with standard Histidin Rich Protein Rapid Diagnostic Test (HRP2-RDT) and treatment if positive). The sample size will be 526 isolated households per arm, i.e., around 1052 children under SMC coverage and an expected 1315 household members. Included children will be followed-up for 24 months to fully cover two consecutive malaria transmission seasons and two SMC cycles. Children will be actively followed-up during the malaria transmission seasons while in the dry seasons the follow-up will be passive. CONCLUSION The study will respond to a major public health concern by providing evidence of the efficacy of an innovative strategy to boost the impact of SMC intervention.},

keywords = {Africa, Amodiaquine, Burkina Faso, Chemoprevention, Dihydro artemisinin Piperaquine, Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mansoor2022,

title = {Haematological consequences of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network pooled analysis of individual patient data},

author = {Rashid Mansoor and Robert J. Commons and Nicholas M. Douglas and Benjamin Abuaku and Jane Achan and Ishag Adam and George O. Adjei and Martin Adjuik and Bereket H. Alemayehu and Richard Allan and Elizabeth N. Allen and Anupkumar R. Anvikar and Emmanuel Arinaitwe and Elizabeth A. Ashley and Hazel Ashurst and Puji B. S. Asih and Nathan Bakyaita and Hubert Barennes and Karen I. Barnes and Leonardo Basco and Quique Bassat and Elisabeth Baudin and David J Bell and Delia Bethell and Anders Bjorkman and Caroline Boulton and Teun Bousema and Philippe Brasseur and Hasifa Bukirwa and Rebekah Burrow and Verena I. Carrara and Michel Cot and Umberto D’Alessandro and Debashish Das and Sabyasachi Das and Timothy M. E. Davis and Meghna Desai and Abdoulaye A. Djimde and Arjen M. Dondorp and Grant Dorsey and Chris J. Drakeley and Stephan Duparc and Emmanuelle Espi\'{e} and Jean-Francois Etard and Catherine Falade and Jean Francois Faucher and Scott Filler and Carole Fogg and Mark Fukuda and Oumar Gaye and Blaise Genton and Awab Ghulam Rahim and Julius Gilayeneh and Raquel Gonzalez and Rebecca F. Grais and Francesco Grandesso and Brian Greenwood and Anastasia Grivoyannis and Christoph Hatz and Eva Maria Hodel and Georgina S. Humphreys and Jimee Hwang and Deus Ishengoma and Elizabeth Juma and S. Patrick Kachur and Piet A. Kager and Erasmus Kamugisha and Moses R. Kamya and Corine Karema and Kassoum Kayentao and Adama Kazienga and Jean-Ren\'{e} Kiechel and Poul-Erik Kofoed and Kwadwo Koram and Peter G. Kremsner and David G. Lalloo and Moses Laman and Sue J. Lee and Bertrand Lell and Amelia W. Maiga and Andreas Mr{a}rtensson and Mayfong Mayxay and Wilfred Mbacham and Rose McGready and Herv\'{e} Menan and Didier M\'{e}nard and Frank Mockenhaupt and Brioni R. Moore and Olaf M\"{u}ller and Alain Nahum and Jean-Louis Ndiaye and Paul N. Newton and Billy E. Ngasala and Frederic Nikiema and Akindeh M. Nji and Harald Noedl and Francois Nosten and Bernhards R. Ogutu and Olusola Ojurongbe and Lyda Osorio and Jean-Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo and Seth Owusu-Agyei and Anil Pareek and Louis K. Penali and Patrice Piola and Mateusz Plucinski and Zul Premji and Michael Ramharter and Caitlin L. Richmond and Lars Rombo and Cally Roper and Philip J. Rosenthal and Sam Salman and Albert Same-Ekobo and Carol Sibley and Sodiomon B. Sirima and Frank M. Smithuis and Fabrice A. Som\'{e} and Sarah G. Staedke and Peter Starzengruber and Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft and Inge Sutanto and Todd D. Swarthout and Din Syafruddin and Ambrose O. Talisuna and Walter R. Taylor and Emmanuel A. Temu and Julie I. Thwing and Halidou Tinto and Emiliana Tjitra and Offianan A. Tour\'{e} and T. Hien Tran and Johan Ursing and Innocent Valea and Giovanni Valentini and Michele Vugt and Lorenz Seidlein and Stephen A. Ward and Vincent Were and Nicholas J. White and Charles J. Woodrow and William Yavo and Adoke Yeka and Issaka Zongo and Julie A. Simpson and Philippe J. Guerin and Kasia Stepniewska and Ric N. Price},

url = {https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-022-02265-9},

doi = {10.1186/s12916-022-02265-9},

issn = {1741-7015},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {BMC Medicine},

volume = {20},

issue = {1},

pages = {85},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with anaemia-related morbidity, attributable to host, parasite and drug factors. We quantified the haematological response following treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria to identify the factors associated with malarial anaemia. METHODS Individual patient data from eligible antimalarial efficacy studies of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, available through the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network data repository prior to August 2015, were pooled using standardised methodology. The haematological response over time was quantified using a multivariable linear mixed effects model with nonlinear terms for time, and the model was then used to estimate the mean haemoglobin at day of nadir and day 7. Multivariable logistic regression quantified risk factors for moderately severe anaemia (haemoglobin \< 7 g/dL) at day 0, day 3 and day 7 as well as a fractional fall ≥ 25% at day 3 and day 7. RESULTS A total of 70,226 patients, recruited into 200 studies between 1991 and 2013, were included in the analysis: 50,859 (72.4%) enrolled in Africa, 18,451 (26.3%) in Asia and 916 (1.3%) in South America. The median haemoglobin concentration at presentation was 9.9 g/dL (range 5.0-19.7 g/dL) in Africa, 11.6 g/dL (range 5.0-20.0 g/dL) in Asia and 12.3 g/dL (range 6.9-17.9 g/dL) in South America. Moderately severe anaemia (Hb \< 7g/dl) was present in 8.4% (4284/50,859) of patients from Africa, 3.3% (606/18,451) from Asia and 0.1% (1/916) from South America. The nadir haemoglobin occurred on day 2 post treatment with a mean fall from baseline of 0.57 g/dL in Africa and 1.13 g/dL in Asia. Independent risk factors for moderately severe anaemia on day 7, in both Africa and Asia, included moderately severe anaemia at baseline (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 16.10 and AOR = 23.00, respectively), young age (age \< 1 compared to ≥ 12 years AOR = 12.81 and AOR = 6.79, respectively), high parasitaemia (AOR = 1.78 and AOR = 1.58, respectively) and delayed parasite clearance (AOR = 2.44 and AOR = 2.59, respectively). In Asia, patients treated with an artemisinin-based regimen were at significantly greater risk of moderately severe anaemia on day 7 compared to those treated with a non-artemisinin-based regimen (AOR = 2.06 [95%CI 1.39-3.05], p \< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, the nadir haemoglobin occurs 2 days after starting treatment. Although artemisinin-based treatments increase the rate of parasite clearance, in Asia they are associated with a greater risk of anaemia during recovery.},

keywords = {Antimalarials, Artemisinin-based therapy, Haemoglobin, Non-artemisinin-based therapy, Plasmodium falciparum, Pooled analysis of individual patient data, Severe anaemia},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Portugaliza2022,

title = {Plasmodium falciparum sexual conversion rates can be affected by artemisinin-based treatment in naturally infected malaria patients},

author = {Harvie P. Portugaliza and H. Magloire Natama and Pieter Guetens and Eduard Rovira-Vallbona and Athanase M. Som\'{e} and Aida Millogo and D. Florence Ou\'{e}draogo and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Hermann Sorgho and Halidou Tinto and Nguyen Hong and Antonio Sitoe and Rosauro Varo and Quique Bassat and Alfred Cort\'{e}s and Anna Rosanas-Urgell},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352396422003802},

doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104198},

issn = {23523964},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {eBioMedicine},

volume = {83},

pages = {104198},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Artemisinins (ART) are the key component of the frontline antimalarial treatment, but their impact on Plasmodium falciparum sexual conversion rates in natural malaria infections remains unknown. This is an important knowledge gap because sexual conversion rates determine the relative parasite investment between maintaining infection in the same human host and transmission to mosquitoes. METHODS The primary outcome of this study was to assess the impact of ART-based treatment on sexual conversion rates by comparing the relative transcript levels of pfap2-g and other sexual ring biomarkers (SRBs) before and after treatment. We analysed samples from previously existing cohorts in Vietnam, Burkina Faso and Mozambique (in total},

keywords = {Artemisinin, Malaria transmission, pfap2-g, Plasmodium falciparum, Sexual conversion},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Cairns2022,

title = {The duration of protection against clinical malaria provided by the combination of seasonal RTS,S/AS01E vaccination and seasonal malaria chemoprevention versus either intervention given alone},

author = {Matthew Cairns and Amadou Barry and Issaka Zongo and Issaka Sagara and Serge R. Yerbanga and Modibo Diarra and Charles Zoungrana and Djibrilla Issiaka and Abdoul Aziz Sienou and Amadou Tapily and Koualy Sanogo and Mahamadou Kaya and Seydou Traore and Kalifa Diarra and Hama Yalcouye and Youssoufa Sidibe and Alassane Haro and Ismaila Thera and Paul Snell and Jane Grant and Halidou Tinto and Paul Milligan and Daniel Chandramohan and Brian Greenwood and Alassane Dicko and Jean Bosco Ouedraogo},

url = {https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-022-02536-5},

doi = {10.1186/s12916-022-02536-5},

issn = {1741-7015},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {BMC Medicine},

volume = {20},

issue = {1},

pages = {352},

abstract = {BACKGROUND A recent trial of 5920 children in Burkina Faso and Mali showed that the combination of seasonal vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine (primary series and two seasonal boosters) and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (four monthly cycles per year) was markedly more effective than either intervention given alone in preventing clinical malaria, severe malaria, and deaths from malaria. METHODS In order to help optimise the timing of these two interventions, trial data were reanalysed to estimate the duration of protection against clinical malaria provided by RTS,S/AS01E when deployed seasonally, by comparing the group who received the combination of SMC and RTS,S/AS01E with the group who received SMC alone. The duration of protection from SMC was also estimated comparing the combined intervention group with the group who received RTS,S/AS01E alone. Three methods were used: Piecewise Cox regression, Flexible parametric survival models and Smoothed Schoenfeld residuals from Cox models, stratifying on the study area and using robust standard errors to control for within-child clustering of multiple episodes. RESULTS The overall protective efficacy from RTS,S/AS01E over 6 months was at least 60% following the primary series and the two seasonal booster doses and remained at a high level over the full malaria transmission season. Beyond 6 months, protective efficacy appeared to wane more rapidly, but the uncertainty around the estimates increases due to the lower number of cases during this period (coinciding with the onset of the dry season). Protection from SMC exceeded 90% in the first 2-3 weeks post-administration after several cycles, but was not 100%, even immediately post-administration. Efficacy begins to decline from approximately day 21 and then declines more sharply after day 28, indicating the importance of preserving the delivery interval for SMC cycles at a maximum of four weeks. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of both interventions was highest immediately post-administration. Understanding differences between these interventions in their peak efficacy and how rapidly efficacy declines over time will help to optimise the scheduling of SMC, malaria vaccination and the combination in areas of seasonal transmission with differing epidemiology, and using different vaccine delivery systems. TRIAL REGISTRATION The RTS,S-SMC trial in which these data were collected was registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03143218.},

keywords = {Malaria, Malaria vaccination, Plasmodium falciparum, RTS, S/AS01E, seasonal malaria chemoprevention},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sondo2021-qe,

title = {Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites and mutations in the resistance genes Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 in Nanoro area, Burkina Faso.},

author = {Paul Sondo and Biebo Bihoun and B\'{e}renger Kabore and Marc Christian Tahita and Karim Derra and Toussaint Rouamba and Seydou Nakanabo Diallo and Adama Kazienga and Hamidou Ilboudo and Innocent Valea and Zekiba Tarnagda and Hermann Sorgho and Thierry Lefevre and Halidou Tinto},

doi = {10.11604/pamj.2021.39.118.26959},

issn = {1937-8688},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-10},

urldate = {2021-06-10},

journal = {Pan Afr. Med. J.},

volume = {39},

pages = {118},

publisher = {Pan African Medical Journal},

abstract = {Introduction: from a genetic point of view P. falciparumis 

 extremely polymorphic. There is a variety of parasite strains 

 infesting individuals living in malaria endemic areas. The 

 purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between 

 polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites and Pfcrt and 

 Pfmdr1 gene mutations in Nanoro area, Burkina Faso. Methods: 

 blood samples from plasmodium carriers residing in the Nanoro 

 Health District were genotyped using nested PCR. Parasite gene 

 mutations associated with resistance to antimalarial drugs were 

 detected by PCR-RFLP. Results: samples of 672 patients were 

 successfully genotyped. No msp1and msp2allelic families 

 exhibited an increase in developing mutations in resistance 

 genes. However, mutant strains of these genes were present at 

 greater levels in monoclonal infections than in multi-clonal 

 infections. Conclusion: this study provides an overview of the 

 relationship between polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum 

 parasites and mutations in resistance genes. These data will 

 undoubtedly contribute to improving knowledge of the parasite´s 

 biology and its mechanisms of resistance to antimalarial drugs.},

note = {Copyright: Paul Sondo et al.

PMID: 34512854 

PMCID: PMC8396377},

keywords = {Antimalarials/pharmacology, Burkina Faso, Drug Resistance, Falciparum/drug therapy/parasitology, GeneticRestriction Fragment Length, Genotype, Humans, Malaria, Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics, msp1, msp2, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics, Mutation, Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects/genetics/isolation \& purification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Protozoan Proteins/genetics},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Natama2021-ft,

title = {Genetic variation in the immune system and malaria  susceptibility in infants: a nested case-control study in  Nanoro, Burkina Faso},

author = {Hamatandi Magloire Natama and Eduard Rovira-Vallbona and Meryam Krit and Pieter Guetens and Hermann Sorgho and M Athanase Som\'{e} and Maminata Traor\'{e}-Coulibaly and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Petra F Mens and Henk D F H Schallig and Dirk Berkvens and Luc Kestens and Halidou Tinto and Anna Rosanas-Urgell},

doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03628-y},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-16},

urldate = {2021-02-01},

journal = {Malar. J.},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {94},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Genetic polymorphisms in the human immune system 

 modulate susceptibility to malaria. However, there is a paucity 

 of data on the contribution of immunogenetic variants to malaria 

 susceptibility in infants, who present differential biological 

 features related to the immaturity of their adaptive immune 

 system, the protective effect of maternal antibodies and fetal 

 haemoglobin. This study investigated the association between 

 genetic variation in innate immune response genes and malaria 

 susceptibility during the first year of life in 656 infants from 

 a birth cohort survey performed in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. 

 METHODS: Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 

 genes of the immune system previously associated with different 

 malaria phenotypes were genotyped using TaqMan allelic 

 hybridization assays in a Fluidigm platform. Plasmodium 

 falciparum infection and clinical disease were documented by 

 active and passive case detection. Case-control association 

 analyses for both alleles and genotypes were carried out using 

 univariate and multivariate logistic regression. For cytokines 

 showing significant SNP associations in multivariate analyses, 

 cord blood supernatant concentrations were measured by 

 quantitative suspension array technology (Luminex). RESULTS: 

 Genetic variants in IL-1$beta$ (rs1143634) and 

 Fc$gamma$RIIA/CD32 (rs1801274)-both in allelic, dominant and 

 co-dominant models-were significantly associated with protection 

 from both P. falciparum infection and clinical malaria. 

 Furthermore, heterozygote individuals with rs1801274 SNP in 

 Fc$gamma$RIIA/CD32 showed higher IL-1RA levels compared to wild-type homozygotes (P = 0.024), a cytokine whose production 

 is promoted by the binding of IgG immune complexes to Fc$gamma$ 

 receptors on effector immune cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings 

 indicate that genetic polymorphisms in genes driving innate 

 immune responses are associated to malaria susceptibility during 

 the first year of life, possibly by modulating production of 

 inflammatory mediators.},

note = {PMID: 33593344 

PMCID: PMC7885350},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines, Falciparum/parasitology, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Humans, Immunity, Immunogenetic variants, Infant, Innate immunity, Innate/genetics, Malaria, Male, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum/physiology},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gansane2021-yh,

title = {Anti-malarial efficacy and resistance monitoring of  artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine shows  inadequate efficacy in children in Burkina Faso, 2017-2018},

author = {Adama Gansan\'{e} and Leah F Moriarty and Didier M\'{e}nard and Isidore Yerbanga and Esperance Ouedraogo and Paul Sondo and Rene Kinda and Casimir Tarama and Edwige Soulama and Madou Tapsoba and David Kangoye and Cheick Said Compaore and Ousmane Badolo and Blami Dao and Samuel Tchwenko and Halidou Tinto and Innocent Valea},

doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03585-6},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-19},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Malar. J.},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {48},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends regularly 

 assessing the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy 

 (ACT), which is a critical tool in the fight against malaria. 

 This study evaluated the efficacy of two artemisinin-based 

 combinations recommended to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium 

 falciparum malaria in Burkina Faso in three sites: Niangoloko, 

 Nanoro, and Gourcy. METHODS: This was a two-arm randomized 

 control trial of the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) 

 and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP). Children aged 6-59 

 months old were monitored for 42 days. The primary outcomes of 

 the study were uncorrected and PCR-corrected efficacies to day 

 28 for AL and 42 for DP. Molecular markers of resistance to 

 artemisinin derivatives and partner drugs were also analysed. 

 RESULTS: Of 720 children enrolled, 672 reached study endpoints 

 at day 28, 333 in the AL arm and 339 in the DP arm. 

 PCR-corrected 28-day per protocol efficacy in the AL arm was 

 74% (64-83%) in Nanoro, 76% (66-83%) in Gourcy, and 92% 

 (84-96%) in Niangoloko. The PCR-corrected 42-day per protocol 

 efficacy in the DP arm was 84% (75-89%) in Gourcy, 89% 

 (81-94%) in Nanoro, and 97% (92-99%) in Niangoloko. No Pfk13 

 mutation previously associated with artemisinin-resistance was 

 observed. No statistically significant association was found 

 between treatment outcome and presence of the 86Y mutation in 

 the Pfmdr1 gene. There was also no association observed between 

 treatment outcome and Pfpm2 or Pfmdr1 copy number variation. 

 CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate evidence of 

 inadequate efficacy of AL at day 28 and DP at day 42 in the same 

 two sites. A change of first-line ACT may be warranted in 

 Burkina Faso. Trial Registry Pan African Clinical Trial Registry 

 Identifier: PACTR201708002499311. Date of registration: 8/3/2017 

 https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx.},

keywords = {Antimalarial, Antimalarials/pharmacology, Artemether, Artemether-lumefantrine, Artemisinins/pharmacology, Burkina Faso, Child, Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, Drug Resistance, Efficacy, Falciparum/drug therapy, Female, Lumefantrine Drug Combination/pharmacology, Malaria, Male, Plasmodium falciparum, Preschool, Quinolines/pharmacology},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}