Publications

@article{Valia2024,

title = {Antibiotic use by clinical presentation across all healthcare providers in rural Burkina Faso: a healthcare visit exit survey},

author = {Daniel Valia and Brecht Ingelbeen and Gu\'{e}tawend\'{e} Job Wilfried Nassa and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Fran\c{c}ois Kiemd\'{e} and Toussaint Rouamba and Ad\'{e}la\"{i}de Compaor\'{e} and Juste St\'{e}phane Kouanda and Annie Robert and Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos and Marianne A B Van Der Sande and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39051704/},

doi = {10.1093/JAC/DKAE252},

issn = {1460-2091},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy},

volume = {79},

issue = {10},

publisher = {J Antimicrob Chemother},

abstract = {DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae252; Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 00, 0, 2024-07-25.; Abstract: Background: To guide antibiotic stewardship interventions, understanding for what indications antibiotics are used is essential. Methods: In rural Burkina Faso, we measured antibiotic dispensing across all healthcare providers. From October 2021 to February 2022, we surveyed patients in Nanoro district, Burkina Faso, following visits to health centres (3), pharmacies (2), informal medicine vendors (5) and inpatients in health centres. We estimated prevalence of antibiotic use and the proportion of Watch group antibiotics by provider type and by clinical presentation, assessing compliance with WHO’s AWaRe Antibiotic Book. We estimated per capita antibiotic use by multiplying prevalence of antibiotic use, mean DDD per adult treatment course, and the rate of healthcare visits per 1000 inhabitants per day, estimated from a prior household survey. Results: Outpatient antibiotic use was more fre},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use, Antimicrobial Stewardship* / statistics \& numerical data, Brecht Ingelbeen, Burkina Faso, Daniel Valia, doi:10.1093/jac/dkae252, Drug Utilization / statistics \& numerical data, Female, Halidou Tinto, Health Personnel* / statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Male, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11441991, pmid:39051704, PubMed Abstract, Rural Population* / statistics \& numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Koita2024,

title = {Increasing the uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) through seasonal malaria chemoprevention channel delivery: protocol of a multicenter cluster randomized implementation trial in Mali and Burkina Faso},

author = {Kadiatou Koita and Joel D. Bognini and Efundem Agboraw and Mahamadou Demb\'{e}l\'{e} and Seydou Yabr\'{e} and Bi\'{e}bo Bihoun and Oumou Coulibaly and Hamidou Niangaly and Jean Batiste N’Takp\'{e} and Maia Lesosky and Dario Scaramuzzi and Eve Worrall and Jenny Hill and Val\'{e}rie Briand and Halidou Tinto and Kassoum Kayentao},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38166711/},

doi = {10.1186/S12889-023-17529-Z},

issn = {1471-2458},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {BMC public health},

volume = {24},

issue = {1},

publisher = {BMC Public Health},

abstract = {Background: The uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) remains unacceptably low, with more than two-thirds of pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa still not accessing the three or more doses recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). In contrast, the coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC), a more recent strategy recommended by the WHO for malaria prevention in children under five years living in Sahelian countries with seasonal transmission, including Mali and Burkina-Faso, is high (up to 90%). We hypothesized that IPTp-SP delivery to pregnant women through SMC alongside antenatal care (ANC) will increase IPTp-SP coverage, boost ANC attendance, and increase public health impact. This protocol describes the approach to assess acceptability, feasibility, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of the integrated strategy. Methods and analysis: This is a multicentre, cluster-randomized, implementation trial of IPTp-SP delivery through ANC + SMC vs ANC alone in 40 health facilities and their catchment populations (20 clusters per arm). The intervention will consist of monthly administration of IPTp-SP through four monthly rounds of SMC during the malaria transmission season (July to October), for two consecutive years. Effectiveness of the strategy to increase coverage of three or more doses of IPTp-SP (IPTp3 +) will be assessed using household surveys and ANC exit interviews. Statistical analysis of IPT3 + and four or more ANC uptake will use a generalized linear mixed model. Feasibility and acceptability will be assessed through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with health workers, pregnant women, and women with a child \< 12 months. Discussion: This multicentre cluster randomized implementation trial powered to detect a 45% and 22% increase in IPTp-SP3 + uptake in Mali and Burkina-Faso, respectively, will generate evidence on the feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of IPTp-SP delivered through the ANC + SMC channel. The intervention is designed to facilitate scalability and translation into policy by leveraging existing resources, while strengthening local capacities in research, health, and community institutions. Findings will inform the local national malaria control policies. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered on August 11th, 2022; registration # PACTR202208844472053. Protocol v4.0 dated September 04, 2023. Trail sponsor: University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Mali.},

keywords = {Antimalarials* / therapeutic use, Burkina Faso, Chemoprevention, Child, Clinical Trial Protocol, doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17529-z, Drug Combinations, Female, Humans, Joel D Bognini, Kadiatou Koita, Kassoum Kayentao, Malaria* / drug therapy, Malaria* / prevention \& control, Mali, MEDLINE, Multicenter Studies as Topic, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Parasitic* / prevention \& control, PMC10763117, pmid:38166711, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Pyrimethamine / therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research Support, Seasons, Sulfadoxine / therapeutic use},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Datoo2024,

title = {Safety and efficacy of malaria vaccine candidate R21/Matrix-M in African children: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial},

author = {Mehreen S. Datoo and Alassane Dicko and Halidou Tinto and Jean Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo and Mainga Hamaluba and Ally Olotu and Emma Beaumont and Fernando Ramos Lopez and Hamtandi Magloire Natama and Sophie Weston and Mwajuma Chemba and Yves Daniel Compaore and Djibrilla Issiaka and Diallo Salou and Athanase M. Some and Sharon Omenda and Alison Lawrie and Philip Bejon and Harish Rao and Daniel Chandramohan and Rachel Roberts and Sandesh Bharati and Lisa Stockdale and Sunil Gairola and Brian M. Greenwood and Katie J. Ewer and John Bradley and Prasad S. Kulkarni and Umesh Shaligram and Adrian V. S. Hill and Almahamoudou Mahamar and Koualy Sanogo and Youssoufa Sidibe and Kalifa Diarra and Mamoudou Samassekou and Oumar Attaher and Amadou Tapily and Makonon Diallo and Oumar Mohamed Dicko and Mahamadou Kaya and Seydina Oumar Maguiraga and Yaya Sankare and Hama Yalcouye and Soumaila Diarra and Sidi Mohamed Niambele and Ismaila Thera and Issaka Sagara and Mala Sylla and Amagana Dolo and Nsajigwa Misidai and Sylvester Simando and Hania Msami and Omary Juma and Nicolaus Gutapaka and Rose Paul and Sarah Mswata and Ibrahim Sasamalo and Kasmir Johaness and Mwantumu Sultan and Annastazia Alexander and Isaac Kimaro and Kauye Lwanga and Mwajuma Mtungwe and Kassim Khamis and Lighton Rugarabam and Wilmina Kalinga and Mohammed Mohammed and Janeth Kamange and Jubilate Msangi and Batuli Mwaijande and Ivanny Mtaka and Matilda Mhapa and Tarsis Mlaganile and Thabit Mbaga and Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga and Wendkouni Samtouma and Abdoul Aziz Sienou and Zachari Kabre and Wendinpui Jedida Muriel Ouedraogo and G. Armel Bienvenu Yarbanga and Issaka Zongo and Hamade Savadogo and Joseph Sanon and Judicael Compaore and Idrissa Kere and Ferdinand Lionel Yoni and Tewende Martine Sanre and Seydou Bienvenu Ouattara and Samuel Provstgaard-Morys and Danielle Woods and Robert W. Snow and Nyaguara Amek and Caroline J. Ngetsa and Lynette Isabella Ochola-Oyier and Jennifer Musyoki and Marianne Munene and Noni Mumba and Uche Jane Adetifa and Charles Mwangi Muiruri and Jimmy Shangala Mwawaka and Mwatasa Hussein Mwaganyuma and Martha Njeri Ndichu and Joseph Ochieng Weya and Kelvin Njogu and Jane Grant and Jayne Webster and Anand Lakhkar and N. F\'{e}lix Andr\'{e} Ido and Ousmane Traore and Marc Christian Tahita and Massa Achille Bonko and Toussaint Rouamba and D. Florence Ouedraogo and Rachidatou Soma and Aida Millogo and Edouard Ouedraogo and Faizatou Sorgho and Fab\'{e} Konate and Innocent Valea},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38310910/},

doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02511-4},

issn = {1474-547X},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Lancet (London, England)},

volume = {403},

issue = {10426},

pages = {533-544},

publisher = {Lancet},

abstract = {Background: Recently, we found that a new malaria vaccine, R21/Matrix-M, had over 75% efficacy against clinical malaria with seasonal administration in a phase 2b trial in Burkina Faso. Here, we report on safety and efficacy of the vaccine in a phase 3 trial enrolling over 4800 children across four countries followed for up to 18 months at seasonal sites and 12 months at standard sites. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine across five sites in four African countries with differing malaria transmission intensities and seasonality. Children (aged 5\textendash36 months) were enrolled and randomly assigned (2:1) to receive 5 μg R21 plus 50 μg Matrix-M or a control vaccine (licensed rabies vaccine [Abhayrab]). Participants, their families, investigators, laboratory teams, and the local study team were masked to treatment. Vaccines were administered as three doses, 4 weeks apart, with a booster administered 12 months after the third dose. Half of the children were recruited at two sites with seasonal malaria transmission and the remainder at standard sites with perennial malaria transmission using age-based immunisation. The primary objective was protective efficacy of R21/Matrix-M from 14 days after third vaccination to 12 months after completion of the primary series at seasonal and standard sites separately as co-primary endpoints. Vaccine efficacy against multiple malaria episodes and severe malaria, as well as safety and immunogenicity, were also assessed. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04704830, and is ongoing. Findings: From April 26, 2021, to Jan 12, 2022, 5477 children consented to be screened, of whom 1705 were randomly assigned to control vaccine and 3434 to R21/Matrix-M; 4878 participants received the first dose of vaccine. 3103 participants in the R21/Matrix-M group and 1541 participants in the control group were included in the modified per-protocol analysis (2412 [51·9%] male and 2232 [48·1%] female). R21/Matrix-M vaccine was well tolerated, with injection site pain (301 [18·6%] of 1615 participants) and fever (754 [46·7%] of 1615 participants) as the most frequent adverse events. Number of adverse events of special interest and serious adverse events did not significantly differ between the vaccine groups. There were no treatment-related deaths. 12-month vaccine efficacy was 75% (95% CI 71\textendash79; p\<0·0001) at the seasonal sites and 68% (61\textendash74; p\<0·0001) at the standard sites for time to first clinical malaria episode. Similarly, vaccine efficacy against multiple clinical malaria episodes was 75% (71\textendash78; p\<0·0001) at the seasonal sites and 67% (59\textendash73; p\<0·0001) at standard sites. A modest reduction in vaccine efficacy was observed over the first 12 months of follow-up, of similar size at seasonal and standard sites. A rate reduction of 868 (95% CI 762\textendash974) cases per 1000 children-years at seasonal sites and 296 (231\textendash362) at standard sites occurred over 12 months. Vaccine-induced antibodies against the conserved central Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro (NANP) repeat sequence of circumsporozoite protein correlated with vaccine efficacy. Higher NANP-specific antibody titres were observed in the 5\textendash17 month age group compared with 18\textendash36 month age group, and the younger age group had the highest 12-month vaccine efficacy on time to first clinical malaria episode at seasonal (79% [95% CI 73\textendash84]; p\<0·001) and standard (75% [65\textendash83]; p\<0·001) sites. Interpretation: R21/Matrix-M was well tolerated and offered high efficacy against clinical malaria in African children. This low-cost, high-efficacy vaccine is already licensed by several African countries, and recently received a WHO policy recommendation and prequalification, offering large-scale supply to help reduce the great burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Funding: The Serum Institute of India, the Wellcome Trust, the UK National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, and Open Philanthropy.},

keywords = {{Alassane Dicko, Antibodies, Burkina Faso, Child, Clinical Trial, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Immunization, Infant, Malaria Vaccines* / adverse effects, Malaria* / drug therapy, Male, MEDLINE, Mehreen S Datoo, Multicenter Study, Nanoparticles*, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Phase III, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, Research Support, Saponins*},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Barry2024,

title = {Helminth exposure and immune response to the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen},

author = {Houreratou Barry and Edouard Lhomme and Mathieu Sur\'{e}naud and Moumini Nouctara and Cynthia Robinson and Viki Bockstal and Innocent Valea and Serge Somda and Halidou Tinto and Nicolas Meda and Brian Greenwood and Rodolphe Thi\'{e}baut and Christine Lacabaratz},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38603720/},

doi = {10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0011500},

issn = {1935-2735},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},

volume = {18},

issue = {4},

publisher = {PLoS Negl Trop Dis},

abstract = {Background The exposure to parasites may influence the immune response to vaccines in endemic African countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between helminth exposure to the most prevalent parasitic infections, schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminths infection and filariasis, and the Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) antibody concentration in response to vaccination with the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen in African and European participants using samples obtained from three international clinical trials. Methods/Principal findings We conducted a study in a subset of participants in the EBL2001, EBL2002 and EBL3001 clinical trials that evaluated the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen against EVD in children, adolescents and adults from the United Kingdom, France, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Kenya, Uganda and Sierra Leone. Immune markers of helminth exposure at baseline were evaluated by ELISA with three commercial kits which detect IgG antibodies against schistosome, filarial and Strongyloides antigens. Luminex technology was used to measure inflammatory and activation markers, and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines at baseline. The association between binding IgG antibodies specific to EBOV GP (measured on day 21 post-dose 2 and on Day 365 after the first dose respectively), and helminth exposure at baseline was evaluated using a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age and study group. Seventy-eight (21.3%) of the 367 participants included in the study had at least one helminth positive ELISA test at baseline, with differences of prevalence between studies and an increased prevalence with age. The most frequently detected antibodies were those to Schistosoma mansoni (10.9%), followed by Acanthocheilonema viteae (9%) and then Strongyloides ratti (7.9%). Among the 41 immunological analytes tested, five were significantly (p \< .003) lower in participants with at least one positive helminth ELISA test result: CCL2/MCP1, FGFbasic, IL-7, IL-13 and CCL11/Eotaxin compared to participants with negative helminth ELISA tests. No significant association was found with EBOV-GP specific antibody concentration at 21 days post-dose 2, or at 365 days post-dose 1, adjusted for age group, study, and the presence of any helminth antibodies at baseline. Conclusions/Significance No clear association was found between immune markers of helminth exposure as measured by ELISA and post-vaccination response to the Ebola Ad26.ZEBOV/ MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen. Trial registration NCT02416453, NCT02564523, NCT02509494. ClinicalTrials.gov.},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Aged, Animals, Antibodies, Child, Christine Lacabaratz, Cytokines / immunology, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011500, Ebola Vaccines* / administration \& dosage, Ebola Vaccines* / immunology, Ebola* / immunology, Ebola* / prevention \& control, Ebolavirus / genetics, Ebolavirus / immunology, Edouard Lhomme, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Helminth / blood, Helminthiasis / immunology, Helminthiasis / prevention \& control, Helminths / genetics, Helminths / immunology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Houreratou Barry, Humans, Immunoglobulin G / blood, Male, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, PMC11037528, pmid:38603720, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Viral* / blood, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schmit2024,

title = {The public health impact and cost-effectiveness of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine: a mathematical modelling study},

author = {Nora Schmit and Hillary M. Topazian and H. Magloire Natama and Duncan Bellamy and Ousmane Traor\'{e} and M. Athanase Som\'{e} and Toussaint Rouamba and Marc Christian Tahita and Massa Achille Bonko and Aboubakary Sourabi\'{e} and Hermann Sorgho and Lisa Stockdale and Samuel Provstgaard-Morys and Jeremy Aboagye and Danielle Woods and Katerina Rapi and Mehreen S. Datoo and Fernando Ramos Lopez and Giovanni D. Charles and Kelly McCain and Jean Bosco Ouedraogo and Mainga Hamaluba and Ally Olotu and Alassane Dicko and Halidou Tinto and Adrian V. S. Hill and Katie J. Ewer and Azra C. Ghani and Peter Winskill},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38342107/},

doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00816-2},

issn = {1474-4457},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases},

volume = {24},

issue = {5},

pages = {465-475},

publisher = {Lancet Infect Dis},

abstract = {Background: The R21/Matrix-M vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum clinical malaria in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Using trial data, we aimed to estimate the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of vaccine introduction across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We fitted a semi-mechanistic model of the relationship between anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody titres and vaccine efficacy to data from 3 years of follow-up in the phase 2b trial of R21/Matrix-M in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. We validated the model by comparing predicted vaccine efficacy to that observed over 12\textendash18 months in the phase 3 trial. Integrating this framework within a mathematical transmission model, we estimated the cases, malaria deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted and cost-effectiveness over a 15-year time horizon across a range of transmission settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Cost-effectiveness was estimated incorporating the cost of vaccine introduction (dose, consumables, and delivery) relative to existing interventions at baseline. We report estimates at a median of 20% parasite prevalence in children aged 2\textendash10 years (PfPR2\textendash10) and ranges from 3% to 65% PfPR2\textendash10. Findings: Anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody titres were found to satisfy the criteria for a surrogate of protection for vaccine efficacy against clinical malaria. Age-based implementation of a four-dose regimen of R21/Matrix-M vaccine was estimated to avert 181 825 (range 38 815\textendash333 491) clinical cases per 100 000 fully vaccinated children in perennial settings and 202 017 (29 868\textendash405 702) clinical cases per 100 000 fully vaccinated children in seasonal settings. Similar estimates were obtained for seasonal or hybrid implementation. Under an assumed vaccine dose price of US$3, the incremental cost per clinical case averted was $7 (range 4\textendash48) in perennial settings and $6 (3\textendash63) in seasonal settings and the incremental cost per DALY averted was $34 (29\textendash139) in perennial settings and $30 (22\textendash172) in seasonal settings, with lower cost-effectiveness ratios in settings with higher PfPR2\textendash10. Interpretation: Introduction of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine could have a substantial public health benefit across sub-Saharan Africa. Funding: The Wellcome Trust, the Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation, the UK Medical Research Council, the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 and 3, the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, and the Serum Institute of India, Open Philanthropy.},

keywords = {Antibodies, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Child, Cost-Benefit Analysis*, Falciparum* / economics, Falciparum* / epidemiology, Falciparum* / prevention \& control, Female, Hillary M Topazian, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Malaria Vaccines* / administration \& dosage, Malaria Vaccines* / economics, Malaria Vaccines* / immunology, Male, MEDLINE, Models, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nora Schmit, Peter Winskill, Plasmodium falciparum / immunology, pmid:38342107, Preschool, Protozoan / blood, Protozoan Proteins / immunology, Public Health* / economics, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Theoretical*, Vaccine Efficacy},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Neyer2024,

title = {Increased erythroferrone levels in malarial anaemia},

author = {Peter J. Neyer and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Christos T. Nakas and Salou Diallo and Halidou Tinto and Annelies Post and Andre J. Ven and Andreas R. Huber and Carlo R. Largiad\`{e}r and Angelika Hammerer-Lercher},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38279554/},

doi = {10.1111/BJH.19309},

issn = {1365-2141},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {British journal of haematology},

volume = {204},

issue = {5},

pages = {2066-2070},

publisher = {Br J Haematol},

abstract = {We assessed the diagnostic potential of erythroferrone as a biomarker for iron homeostasis comparing iron deficiency cases with anaemia of inflammation and controls. The dysregulation of the hepcidin axis was observed by Latour et al. in a mouse model of malarial anaemia induced by prolonged Plasmodium infection leading to increased erythroferrone concentrations. In line with that, we found significantly higher erythroferrone levels in cases with malaria and anaemia in an African population, compared to asymptomatic controls. Therefore, our findings extend the previous ones of the mouse model, suggesting also a dysregulation of the hepcidin axis in humans, which should be further corroborated in prospective studies and may lay the basis for the development of improved treatment strategies according to ERFE concentrations in such patients.},

keywords = {Anemia, Anemia / blood, Anemia / etiology, Angelika Hammerer-Lercher, Animals, B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e}, Biomarkers* / blood, doi:10.1111/bjh.19309, Female, Hepcidins / blood, Humans, Iron / blood, Iron / metabolism, Iron-Deficiency / blood, Malaria* / blood, Malaria* / complications, Male, MEDLINE, Mice, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Peptide Hormones* / blood, Peter J Neyer, pmid:38279554, PubMed Abstract},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mirzaev2024,

title = {Systematic review and meta-analysis of hepatitis E seroprevalence in Southeast Asia: a comprehensive assessment of epidemiological patterns},

author = {Ulugbek Khudayberdievich Mirzaev and Serge Ouoba and Ko Ko and Zayar Phyo and Chanroth Chhoung and Akuffo Golda Ataa and Aya Sugiyama and Tomoyuki Akita and Junko Tanaka},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38789918/},

doi = {10.1186/S12879-024-09349-2},

issn = {1471-2334},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {BMC infectious diseases},

volume = {24},

issue = {1},

publisher = {BMC Infect Dis},

abstract = {The burden of hepatitis E in Southeast Asia is substantial, influenced by its distinct socio-economic and environmental factors, as well as variations in healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to assess the pooled seroprevalence of hepatitis E across countries within the Southeast Asian region by the UN division. The study analyzed 66 papers across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, encompassing data from of 44,850 individuals focusing on anti-HEV seroprevalence. The investigation spanned nine countries, excluding Brunei and East Timor due to lack of data. The pooled prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was determined to be 21.03%, with the highest prevalence observed in Myanmar (33.46%) and the lowest in Malaysia (5.93%). IgM prevalence was highest in Indonesia (12.43%) and lowest in Malaysia (0.91%). The study stratified populations into high-risk (farm workers, chronic patients) and low-risk groups (general population, blood donors, pregnant women, hospital patients). It revealed a higher IgG\textemdash28.9%, IgM\textemdash4.42% prevalence in the former group, while the latter group exhibited figures of 17.86% and 3.15%, respectively, indicating occupational and health-related vulnerabilities to HEV. A temporal analysis (1987\textendash2023), indicated an upward trend in both IgG and IgM prevalence, suggesting an escalating HEV burden. These findings contribute to a better understanding of HEV seroprevalence in Southeast Asia, shedding light on important public health implications and suggesting directions for further research and intervention strategies. Key points Research Question Investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Southeast Asian countries focusing on different patterns, timelines, and population cohorts. Findings Sporadic Transmission of IgG and IgM Prevalence: • Pooled anti-HEV IgG prevalence: 21.03% • Pooled anti-HEV IgM prevalence: 3.49% Seroprevalence among specific groups: High-risk group (farm workers and chronic patients): • anti-HEV IgG: 28.9% • anti-HEV IgM: 4.42% Low-risk group (general population, blood donors, pregnant women, hospital patients): • anti-HEV IgG: 17.86% • anti-HEV IgM: 3.15% Temporal Seroprevalence of HEV: Anti-HEV IgG prevalence increased over decades (1987\textendash1999; 2000\textendash2010; 2011\textendash2023): 12.47%, 18.43%, 29.17% as an anti-HEV IgM prevalence: 1.92%, 2.44%, 5.27% Importance Provides a comprehensive overview of HEV seroprevalence in Southeast Asia. Highlights variation in seroprevalence among different population groups. Reveals increasing trend in HEV seroprevalence over the years. Distinguishes between sporadic and epidemic cases for a better understanding of transmission dynamics.},

keywords = {Asia, doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09349-2, Female, Hepatitis Antibodies* / blood, Hepatitis E virus* / immunology, Hepatitis E* / blood, Hepatitis E* / epidemiology, Humans, Immunoglobulin G* / blood, Immunoglobulin M* / blood, Junko Tanaka, Male, MEDLINE, Meta-Analysis, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11127338, pmid:38789918, Pregnancy, Prevalence, PubMed Abstract, Risk Factors, Serge Ouoba, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Southeastern / epidemiology, Systematic review, Ulugbek Khudayberdievich Mirzaev},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bassinga2024,

title = {Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria at the communal level in Burkina Faso: an application of the small area estimation approach},

author = {Herv\'{e} Bassinga and Mady Ouedraogo and Kadari Cisse and Parfait Yira and Sibiri Cl\'{e}ment Ouedraogo and Abdou Nombr\'{e} and Wofom Lydie Marie Bernard Bance and Mathias Kuepie and Toussaint Rouamba},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39155384/},

doi = {10.1186/S12963-024-00341-1},

issn = {1478-7954},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Population health metrics},

volume = {22},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Popul Health Metr},

abstract = {Background: In malaria-endemic countries, asymptomatic carriers of plasmodium represent an important reservoir for malaria transmission. Estimating the burden at a fine scale and identifying areas at high risk of asymptomatic carriage are important to guide malaria control strategies. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage at the communal level in Burkina Faso, the smallest geographical entity from which a local development policy can be driven. Methods: The data used in this study came from several open sources: the 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey on Malaria and the 2019 general census of the population data and environmental. The analysis involved a total of 5489 children under 5 from the malaria survey and 293,715 children under 5 from the census. The Elbers Langjouw and Langjouw (ELL) approach is used to estimate the prevalence. This approach consists of including data from several sources (mainly census and survey data) in a statistical model to obtain predictive indicators at a sub-geographical level, which are not measured in the population census. The method achieves this by finding correlations between common census variables and survey data. Findings: The findings suggest that the spatial distribution of the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage is very heterogeneous across the communes. It varies from a minimum of 5.1% (95% CI 3.6\textendash6.5) in the commune of Bobo-Dioulasso to a maximum of 41.4% (95% CI 33.5\textendash49.4) in the commune of Djigou\'{e}. Of the 341 communes, 208 (61%) had prevalences above the national average of 20.3% (95% CI 18.8\textendash21.2). Contributions: This analysis provided commune-level estimates of the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of plasmodium in Burkina Faso. The results of this analysis should help to improve planning of malaria control at the communal level in Burkina Faso.},

keywords = {Asymptomatic Infections / epidemiology, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Carrier State / epidemiology, Child, doi:10.1186/s12963-024-00341-1, Female, Herv\'{e} Bassinga, Humans, Infant, Mady Ouedraogo, Malaria* / epidemiology, Male, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11330607, pmid:39155384, Preschool, Prevalence, PubMed Abstract, Small-Area Analysis, Toussaint Rouamba},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Soumah2024,

title = {Prevalence of dermal trypanosomes in suspected and confirmed cases of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in Guinea},

author = {Alseny M’Mah Soumah and Mariame Camara and Justin Windingoudi Kabor\'{e} and Ibrahim Sadissou and Hamidou Ilboudo and Christelle Travaill\'{e} and Oumou Camara and Magali Tichit and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Salimatou Boiro and Aline Crouzols and Jean Marc Tsagmo Ngoune and David Hardy and A\"{i}ssata Camara and Vincent Jamonneau and Annette Macleod and Jean Mathieu Bart and Mamadou Camara and Bruno Bucheton and Brice Rotureau},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39159265/},

doi = {10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0012436},

issn = {1935-2735},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},

volume = {18},

issue = {8},

publisher = {PLoS Negl Trop Dis},

abstract = {The skin is an anatomical reservoir for African trypanosomes, yet the prevalence of extravascular parasite carriage in the population at risk of gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis (gHAT) remains unclear. Here, we conducted a prospective observational cohort study in the HAT foci of Forecariah and Boffa, Republic of Guinea. Of the 18,916 subjects serologically screened for gHAT, 96 were enrolled into our study. At enrolment and follow-up visits, participants underwent a dermatological examination and had blood samples and superficial skin snip biopsies taken for examination by molecular and immuno-histological methods. In seropositive individuals, dermatological symptoms were significantly more frequent as compared to seronegative controls. Trypanosoma brucei DNA was detected in the blood of 67% of confirmed cases (22/33) and 9% of unconfirmed seropositive individuals (3/32). However, parasites were detected in the extravascular dermis of up to 71% of confirmed cases (25/35) and 41% of unconfirmed seropositive individuals (13/32) by PCR and/or immuno-histochemistry. Six to twelve months after treatment, trypanosome detection in the skin dropped to 17% of confirmed cases (5/30), whereas up to 25% of unconfirmed, hence untreated, seropositive individuals (4/16) were still found positive. Dermal trypanosomes were observed in subjects from both transmission foci, however, the occurrence of pruritus and the PCR positivity rates were significantly higher in unconfirmed seropositive individuals in Forecariah. The lower sensitivity of superficial skin snip biopsies appeared critical for detecting trypanosomes in the basal dermis. These results are discussed in the context of the planned elimination of gHAT.},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, African* / diagnosis, African* / epidemiology, African* / parasitology, Alseny M'mah Soumah, Brice Rotureau, Child, DNA, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012436, Female, Guinea / epidemiology, Humans, Male, Mariame Camara, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Observational Study, PMC11361743, pmid:39159265, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Protozoan / genetics, PubMed Abstract, Skin* / parasitology, Skin* / pathology, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense* / isolation \& purification, Trypanosomiasis, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kiemde2024,

title = {Impact of a package of point-of-care diagnostic tests, a clinical diagnostic algorithm and adherence training on antibiotic prescriptions for the management of non-severe acute febrile illness in primary health facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso},

author = {Francois Kiemde and Juvenal Nkeramahame and Ana Belen Ibarz and Sabine Dittrich and Piero Olliaro and Daniel Valia and Toussaint Rouamba and Berenger Kabore and Alima Nadine Kone and Seydou Sawadogo and Antonia Windkouni Bere and Diane Yirgnur Some and Athanase Mwinessobaonfou Some and Adelaide Compaore and Philip Horgan and Stephan Weber and Thomas Keller and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39192209/},

doi = {10.1186/S12879-024-09787-Y},

issn = {1471-2334},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {BMC infectious diseases},

volume = {24},

issue = {1},

publisher = {BMC Infect Dis},

abstract = {Objective: To assess the impact of an intervention package on the prescription of antibiotic and subsequently the rate of clinical recovery for non-severe acute febrile illnesses at primary health centers. Methods: Patients over 6 months of age presenting to primary health care centres with fever or history of fever within the past 7 days were randomized to receive either the intervention package constituted of point-of-care tests including COVID-19 antigen tests, a diagnostic algorithm and training and communication packages, or the standard practice. The primary outcomes were antibiotic prescriptions at Day 0 (D0) and the clinical recovery at Day 7 (D7). Secondary outcomes were non-adherence of participants and parents/caregivers to prescriptions, health workers’ non-adherence to the algorithm, and the safety of the intervention. Results: A total of 1098 patients were enrolled. 551 (50.2%) were randomized to receive the intervention versus 547 (49.8%) received standard care. 1054 (96.0%) completed follow-up and all of them recovered at D7 in both arms. The proportion of patients with antibiotic prescriptions at D0 were 33.2% (183/551) in the intervention arm versus 58.1% (318/547) under standard care, risk difference (RD) -24.9 (95% CI -30.6 to -19.2, p \< 0.001), corresponding to one more antibiotic saved every four (95% CI: 3 to 5) consultations. This reduction was also statistically significant in children from 6 to 59 months (RD -34.5; 95% CI -41.7 to -27.3; p \< 0.001), patients over 18 years (RD -35.9; 95%CI -58.5 to -13.4; p = 0.002), patients with negative malaria test (RD -46.9; 95% CI -53.9 to -39.8; p \< 0.001), those with a respiratory diagnosis (RD -48.9; 95% CI -56.9 to -41.0, p \< 0.001) and those not vaccinated against COVID-19 (-24.8% 95%CI -30.7 to -18.9, p-value: \<0.001). A significant reduction in non-adherence to prescription by patients was reported (RD -7.1; 95% CI -10.9 to -3.3; p \< 0.001). Conclusion: The intervention was associated with significant reductions of antibiotic prescriptions and non-adherence, chiefly among patients with non-malaria fever, those with respiratory symptoms and children below 5 years of age. The addition of COVID-19 testing did not have a major impact on antibiotic use at primary health centers. Trial registration: Clinitrial.gov; NCT04081051 registered on 06/09/2019.},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms*, Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use, Burkina Faso, Child, COVID-19* / diagnosis, doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09787-y, Female, Fever* / drug therapy, Francois Kiemde, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Infant, Juvenal Nkeramahame, Male, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11351252, pmid:39192209, Point-of-Care Systems, Point-of-Care Testing, Preschool, Primary Health Care*, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, SARS-Cov-2},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Malaria diagnosis challenges and pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions using pregnant women as sentinel population in Nanoro region, Burkina Faso},

author = {Irene Molina\textendashde Fuente and Marc Christian Tahita and Kabore B\'{e}renger and Thuy Huong Ta Tang and Luz Garc\'{i}a and Vicenta Gonz\'{a}lez and Agust\'{i}n Benito and Judith M. H\"{u}bschen and Halidou Tinto and Pedro Berzosa},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39140699/},

doi = {10.1080/20477724.2024.2388489},

issn = {2047-7732},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Pathogens and global health},

volume = {118},

issue = {6},

publisher = {Pathog Glob Health},

abstract = {Malaria in pregnancy causes adverse consequences and prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential for case management. In malaria endemic countries, diagnosis is mainly based on rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and microscopy. However, increasing reports of false negatives caused by low parasitemia and pfhrp2/3 deletions raise concerns about HRP2-based RDT usefulness. This study aimed to assess RDT and microscopy performance and to describe pfhrp2/3 deletions in a cohort of 418 pregnant women in Burkina Faso. Malaria was diagnosed using RDT and microscopy and blood samples were collected during antenatal care visits. Diagnostic results were compared to PCR as gold standard. Pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions were characterized for patients with confirmed P. falciparum infection. RDT had better sensitivity (76%) but lower specificity (83%) than microscopy (sensitivity = 57%; specificity = 98%). Low parasitemia (\<150 parasites/µL), especially in multigravidae, was the principal factor causing false negatives by both methods. Moreover, pfhrp2 deletion frequency among overall false negatives by RDT was 21.43%. Higher frequency of deletions was found among all samples, independently of RDT result, for example around 2% of samples had double deletions meaning that the majority of deletions had no effect on RDT testing. Finally, it was found higher pfhrp2 deletion in women with lower uterine height during the first trimester. Wider and National surveillance study of deletions is recommended among pregnant women and in Burkina Faso.},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Antigens, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Diagnostic Tests, doi:10.1080/20477724.2024.2388489, Falciparum* / diagnosis, Falciparum* / epidemiology, Falciparum* / parasitology, Female, Gene Deletion*, Humans, Irene Molina-de la Fuente, Malaria, Marc Christian Tahita, MEDLINE, Microscopy, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Parasitic / diagnosis, Parasitic / epidemiology, Pedro Berzosa, Plasmodium falciparum* / genetics, Plasmodium falciparum* / isolation \& purification, PMC11441055, pmid:39140699, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Protozoan Proteins* / genetics, Protozoan* / genetics, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Routine* / methods, Sensitivity and Specificity*, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Chemoprevention of malaria with long-acting oral and injectable drugs: an updated target product profile},

author = {Myriam El Gaaloul and Andre Marie Tchouatieu and Kassoum Kayentao and Brice Campo and Benedicte Buffet and Hanu Ramachandruni and Jean Louis Ndiaye and Timothy N. C. Wells and Celine Audibert and Jane Achan and Cristina Donini and Hellen C. Barsosio and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39425110/},

doi = {10.1186/S12936-024-05128-1},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Malaria journal},

volume = {23},

issue = {1},

pages = {315},

publisher = {Malar J},

abstract = {\<p\>Malaria is preventable, but the burden of disease remains high with over 249 million cases and 608,000 deaths reported in 2022. Historically, the most important protective interventions have been vector control and chemopreventive medicines with over 50 million children receiving seasonal malaria chemoprevention in the year 2023. Two vaccines are approved and starting to be deployed, bringing additional protection for children up to 36 months. However, the impact of these currently available tools is somewhat limited on various fronts. Vaccines exhibit partial efficacy, are relatively costly, and not accessible in all settings. The challenges encountered with chemoprevention are barriers to acceptability and feasibility, including frequency of dosing, and the lack of options in the first trimester of pregnancy and for women living with HIV. Also, the emergence of resistance against chemopreventive medicines is concerning. To address these limitations, a target product profile (TPP) is proposed as a road map to guide innovation and to boost the quest for novel chemopreventive alternatives. This TPP describes the ideal product attributes, while acknowledging potential trade-offs that may be needed. Critically, it considers the target populations most at risk; primarily infants, children, and pregnant women. Malaria control and elimination requires appropriate chemoprevention, not only in areas of high endemicity and transmission, but also in lower transmission areas where immunity is declining, as well as for travellers from areas where malaria has been eliminated. New medicines should show acceptable safety and tolerability, with high and long protective efficacy. Formulations and costs need to support operational adherence, access, and effectiveness. Next generation long-acting oral and injectable drugs are likely to constitute the backbone of malaria prevention. Therefore, the perspectives of front-line experts in malaria prevention, researchers, and those involved in drug development are captured in the TPP. This inclusive approach aims at concentrating efforts and aligning responses across the community to develop new and transformative medicines.\</p\>},

keywords = {Administration, Andre Marie Tchouatieu, Antimalarials* / administration \& dosage, Antimalarials* / therapeutic use, Chemoprevention* / methods, doi:10.1186/s12936-024-05128-1, Female, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Injections, Malaria* / prevention \& control, MEDLINE, Myriam El Gaaloul, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Oral, PMC11490162, pmid:39425110, Pregnancy, PubMed Abstract, Review},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Performance of ultra-sensitive malaria rapid diagnostic test to detect Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo},

author = {Japhet Kabalu Tshiongo and Flory Luzolo and Melissa Kabena and Lise Kuseke and Moussa Djimde and Patrick Mitashi and Crispin Lumbala and Kassoum Kayentao and Sandra Menting and Petra F. Mens and Henk D. F. H. Schallig and Pascal Lutumba and Halidou Tinto and Hypolite Muhindo Mavoko and Vivi Maketa},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37872634/},

doi = {10.1186/S12936-023-04749-2},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Malaria journal},

volume = {22},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Malar J},

abstract = {Background: Low peripheral parasitaemia caused by sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum in the placenta hampers the diagnosis of malaria in pregnant women, leading to microscopy or conventional rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) false-negative results. Although mainly asymptomatic, maternal malaria remains harmful to pregnant women and their offspring in endemic settings and must be adequately diagnosed. Ultra-sensitive RDTs (uRDTs) are thought to be more sensitive than RDTs, and their diagnostic performance was assessed in the current study in pregnant women living in Kinshasa, a stable malaria transmission area in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: To assess and compare the diagnostic performances of both RDTs and uRDTs, 497 peripheral blood samples were tested using microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as the index and the reference tests, respectively. The agreement between the different diagnostic tests assessed was estimated by Cohen's Kappa test. Results: The median parasite density by qPCR was 292 p/μL of blood [IQR (49.7\textendash1137)]. Using qPCR as the reference diagnostic test, the sensitivities of microscopy, RDT and uRDT were respectively [55.7% (95% CI 47.6\textendash63.6)], [81.7% (95%CI 74.7\textendash87.3)] and [88% (95% CI 81.9\textendash92.6)]. The specificities of the tests were calculated at 98.5% (95% CI 96.6\textendash99.5), 95.2% (95% CI 92.5\textendash97.2) and 94.4% (95% CI 91.4\textendash96.6) for microscopy, RDT and uRDT, respectively. The agreement between qPCR and uRDT was almost perfect (Kappa = 0.82). For parasite density (qPCR) below 100 p/µL, the sensitivity of RDT was 62% (95% CI 47.1\textendash75.3) compared to 68% (95% CI 53.3\textendash80.4) for uRDT. Between 100 and 200 p/µL, the sensitivity of RDT was higher, but still lower compared to uRDT: 89.4% (95% CI 66.8\textendash98.7) for RDT versus 100% (95% CI 82.3\textendash100) for uRDT. In both cases, microscopy was lower, with 20% (95% CI 10\textendash33.7) and 47.3% (95% CI 24.4\textendash71.1) respectively. Conclusions: uRDT has the potential to improve malaria management in pregnant women as it has been found to be slightly more sensitive than RDT in the detection of malaria in pregnant women but the difference was not significant. Microscopy has a more limited value for the diagnosis of malaria during the pregnancy, because of its lower sensitivity.},

keywords = {Antigens, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Diagnostic Tests, doi:10.1186/s12936-023-04749-2, Falciparum* / epidemiology, Female, Flory Luzolo, Humans, Japhet Kabalu Tshiongo, Malaria, Malaria*, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Plasmodium falciparum, PMC10594769, pmid:37872634, Pregnancy, Pregnant Women, Protozoan, PubMed Abstract, Rapid diagnostic tests, Routine / methods, Sensitivity and Specificity, Vivi Maketa},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Micklesfield2023,

title = {Identifying the prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity in middle-aged men and women: a cross-sectional population-based study in four African countries},

author = {Lisa K. Micklesfield and Richard Munthali and Godfred Agongo and Gershim Asiki and Palwende Boua and Solomon S. R. Choma and Nigel J. Crowther and June Fabian and Francesc Xavier G\'{o}mez-Oliv\'{e} and Chodziwadziwa Kabudula and Eric Maimela and Shukri F. Mohamed and Engelbert A. Nonterah and Frederick J. Raal and Hermann Sorgho and Furahini D. Tluway and Alisha N. Wade and Shane A. Norris and Michele Ramsay},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36918238/},

doi = {10.1136/BMJOPEN-2022-067788},

issn = {2044-6055},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {BMJ open},

volume = {13},

issue = {3},

publisher = {BMJ Open},

abstract = {Objectives To determine the prevalence of multimorbidity, to identify which chronic conditions cluster together and to identify factors associated with a greater risk for multimorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Design Cross-sectional, multicentre, population-based study. Setting Six urban and rural communities in four sub-Saharan African countries. Participants Men (n=4808) and women (n=5892) between the ages of 40 and 60 years from the AWI-Gen study. Measures Sociodemographic and anthropometric data, and multimorbidity as defined by the presence of two or more of the following conditions: HIV infection, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, asthma, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension. Results Multimorbidity prevalence was higher in women compared with men (47.2% vs 35%), and higher in South African men and women compared with their East and West African counterparts. The most common disease combination at all sites was dyslipidaemia and hypertension, with this combination being more prevalent in South African women than any single disease (25% vs 21.6%). Age and body mass index were associated with a higher risk of multimorbidity in men and women; however, lifestyle correlates such as smoking and physical activity were different between the sexes. Conclusions The high prevalence of multimorbidity in middle-aged adults in SSA is of concern, with women currently at higher risk. This prevalence is expected to increase in men, as well as in the East and West African region with the ongoing epidemiological transition. Identifying common disease clusters and correlates of multimorbidity is critical to providing effective interventions.},

keywords = {{Adult, Africa South of the Sahara / epidemiology, CollabAuthor(name='as members of AWI-Gen and the H3Africa Consortium', Cross-Sectional Studies, Dyslipidemias* / epidemiology, Extramural, Female, HIV Infections*, Humans, Hypertension* / epidemiology, Lisa K Micklesfield, Male, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, Multimorbidity, N.I.H., National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, PMC10016250, Prevalence, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Richard Munthali, Risk Factors, Sex Factors},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ouoba2023,

title = {Intermediate hepatitis B virus infection prevalence among 1622 pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso and implications for mother-to-child transmission},

author = {Serge Ouoba and Ko Ko and Moussa Lingani and Shintaro Nagashima and Alice N. Guingan\'{e} and E. Bunthen and Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain and Aya Sugiyama and Tomoyuki Akita and Masayuki Ohisa and Moussa Abdel Sanou and Ousmane Traore and Job Wilfried Nassa and Maimouna Sanou and Kazuaki Takahashi and Halidou Tinto and Junko Tanaka},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37059812/},

doi = {10.1038/S41598-023-32766-3},

issn = {2045-2322},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Scientific reports},

volume = {13},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Sci Rep},

abstract = {In highly endemic countries for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, childhood infection, including mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), represents the primary transmission route. High maternal DNA level (viral load ≥ 200,000 IU/mL) is a significant factor for MTCT. We investigated the prevalence of HBsAg, HBeAg, and high HBV DNA among pregnant women in three hospitals in Burkina Faso and assessed the performance of HBeAg to predict high viral load. Consenting pregnant women were interviewed on their sociodemographic characteristics and tested for HBsAg by a rapid diagnostic test, and dried blood spot (DBS) samples were collected for laboratory analyses. Of the 1622 participants, HBsAg prevalence was 6.5% (95% CI, 5.4\textendash7.8%). Among 102 HBsAg-positive pregnant women in DBS samples, HBeAg was positive in 22.6% (95% CI, 14.9\textendash31.9%), and viral load was quantified in 94 cases, with 19.1% having HBV DNA ≥ 200,000 IU/mL. HBV genotypes were identified in 63 samples and predominant genotypes were E (58.7%) and A (36.5%). The sensitivity of HBeAg by using DBS samples to identify high viral load in the 94 cases was 55.6%, and the specificity was 86.8%. These findings highlight the need to implement routine HBV screening and effective MTCT risk assessment for all pregnant women in Burkina Faso to enable early interventions that can effectively reduce MTCT.},

keywords = {Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Child, DNA, doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32766-3, Female, Hepatitis B e Antigens, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, Hepatitis B virus / genetics, Hepatitis B* / diagnosis, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Infectious* / epidemiology, Junko Tanaka, Ko Ko, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, PMC10103033, pmid:37059812, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnant Women, Prevalence, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Serge Ouoba, Vertical / prevention \& control, Viral / genetics},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chikwati2023,

title = {Cardiometabolic disease risk factors in pre- and postmenopausal women from four sub-Saharan African countries: A cross-sectional study},

author = {Raylton P. Chikwati and Nasrin Goolam Mahyoodeen and Nicole G. Jaff and Michele Ramsay and Lisa K. Micklesfield and Alisha N. Wade and Godfred Agongo and Gershim Asiki and Solomon S. R. Choma and Palwende R. Boua and Jaya A. George and Nigel J. Crowther},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37116348/},

doi = {10.1016/J.MATURITAS.2023.04.005},

issn = {1873-4111},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Maturitas},

volume = {172},

pages = {60-68},

publisher = {Maturitas},

abstract = {Objective: To compare the risk factors for cardiometabolic disease between pre- and postmenopausal women from four sub-Saharan African countries. Study design: This cross-sectional study included 3609 women (1740 premenopausal and 1869 postmenopausal) from sites in Ghana (Navrongo), Burkina Faso (Nanoro), Kenya (Nairobi), and South Africa (Soweto and Dikgale). Demographic, anthropometric and cardiometabolic variables were compared between pre- and postmenopausal women, within and across sites using multivariable regression analyses. The sites represent populations at different stages of the health transition, with those in Ghana and Burkina Faso being rural, whilst those in Kenya and South Africa are more urbanised. Main outcome measures: Anthropometric and cardiometabolic variables. Results: The prevalence rates of risk factors for cardiometabolic disease were higher in South (Soweto and Dikgale) and East (Nairobi) Africa than in West Africa (Nanoro and Navrongo), irrespective of menopausal status. Regression models in combined West African populations demonstrated that postmenopausal women had a larger waist circumference (β = 1.28 (95 % CI: 0.58; 1.98) cm), log subcutaneous fat (β =0.15 (0.10; 0.19)), diastolic (β = 3.04 (1.47; 4.62) mm Hg) and log systolic (β = 0.04 (0.02; 0.06)) blood pressure, log carotid intima media thickness (β = 0.03 (0.01; 0.06)), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 0.14 (0.04; 0.23) mmol/L) and log triglyceride (β= 0.10 (0.04; 0.16)) levels than premenopausal women. No such differences were observed in the South and East African women. Conclusions: Menopause-related differences in risk factors for cardiometabolic disease were prominent in West but not East or South African study sites. These novel findings should inform cardiometabolic disease prevention strategies in midlife women specific to rural and urban and peri-urban locations in sub-Saharan Africa.},

keywords = {Cardiovascular Diseases* / epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases* / etiology, Carotid intima-media thickness, Cross-Sectional Studies, doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.04.005, Female, Humans, Kenya, MEDLINE, Nasrin Goolam Mahyoodeen, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, Nigel J Crowther, NIH, NLM, PMC10278059, pmid:37116348, Postmenopause*, PubMed Abstract, Raylton P Chikwati, Risk Factors, South Africa / epidemiology},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Incidence rate and predictors of COVID-19 in the two largest cities of Burkina Faso - prospective cohort study in 2021 (ANRS-COV13)},

author = {Nongodo Firmin Kabor\'{e} and Samiratou Ou\'{e}draogo and Ariane Kamga Mamguem and Isidore Tiandiogo Traor\'{e} and Dramane Kania and Hermann Badolo and Guillaume Sanou and Amariane Kon\'{e} and Mimbour\'{e} Yara and Th\'{e}r\`{e}se Kagon\'{e} and Esperance Ou\'{e}draogo and Blahima Konat\'{e} and Rachel M\'{e}dah and Nathalie Rekeneire and Armel Poda and Arnaud Eric Diend\'{e}r\'{e} and Boukary Ou\'{e}draogo and Oumar Billa and Gilles Paradis and Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37308819/},

doi = {10.1186/S12879-023-08361-2},

issn = {1471-2334},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {BMC infectious diseases},

volume = {23},

issue = {1},

publisher = {BMC Infect Dis},

abstract = {Background: Early data on COVID-19 (based primarily on PCR testing) indicated a low burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. To better understand this, this study aimed to estimate the incidence rate and identify predictors of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the two largest cities of Burkina Faso. This study is part of the EmulCOVID-19 project (ANRS-COV13). Methods: Our study utilized the WHO Unity protocol for cohort sero-epidemiological studies of COVID-19 in general population. We conducted random sampling stratified by age group and sex. Individuals aged 10 years and older in the cities of Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso were included and surveyed at 4 time points, each 21 days apart, from March 3 to May 15, 2021. WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA serological tests were used to detect total antibodies (IgM, IgG) in serum. Predictors were investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: We analyzed the data from 1399 participants (1051 in Ouagadougou, 348 in Bobo-Dioulasso) who were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at baseline and had at least one follow-up visit. The incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion was 14.3 cases [95%CI 13.3\textendash15.4] per 100 person-weeks. The incidence rate was almost three times higher in Ouagadougou than in Bobo-Dioulasso (Incidence rate ratio: IRR = 2.7 [2.2\textendash3.2], p \< 0.001). The highest incidence rate was reported among women aged 19\textendash59 years in Ouagadougou (22.8 cases [19.6\textendash26.4] per 100 person-weeks) and the lowest among participants aged 60 years and over in Bobo-Dioulasso, 6.3 cases [4.6\textendash8.6] per 100 person-weeks. Multivariable analysis showed that participants aged 19 years and older were almost twice as likely to seroconvert during the study period compared with those aged 10 to 18 years (Hazard ratio: HR = 1.7 [1.3\textendash2.3], p \< 0.001). Those aged 10\textendash18 years exhibited more asymptomatic forms than those aged 19 years and older, among those who achieved seroconversion (72.9% vs. 40.4%, p \< 0.001). Conclusion: The spread of COVID-19 is more rapid in adults and in large cities. Strategies to control this pandemic in Burkina Faso, must take this into account. Adults living in large cities should be the priority targets for vaccination efforts against COVID-19.},

keywords = {Adult, Aged, Burkina Faso, Cities, COVID-19*, doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08361-2, Female, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Incidence, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Nongodo Firmin Kabor\'{e}, PMC10258776, pmid:37308819, Prospective Studies, PubMed Abstract, Samiratou Ou\'{e}draogo, SARS-Cov-2},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Unger2023,

title = {Fetal sex and risk of pregnancy-associated malaria in Plasmodium falciparum-endemic regions: a meta-analysis},

author = {Holger W. Unger and Anastasia Jessica Hadiprodjo and Julie R. Gutman and Valerie Briand and Nadine Fievet and Innocent Valea and Halidou Tinto and Umberto D’Alessandro and Sarah H. Landis and Feiko Ter Kuile and Peter Ouma and Martina Oneko and Victor Mwapasa and Laurence Slutsker and Dianne J. Terlouw and Simon Kariuki and John Ayisi and Bernard Nahlen and Meghna Desai and Mwayi Madanitsa and Linda Kalilani-Phiri and Per Ashorn and Kenneth Maleta and Antoinette Tshefu-Kitoto and Ivo Mueller and Danielle Stanisic and Jordan Cates and Anna Maria Van Eijk and Maria Ome-Kaius and Elizabeth H. Aitken and Stephen J. Rogerson},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37365258/},

doi = {10.1038/S41598-023-37431-3},

issn = {2045-2322},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Scientific reports},

volume = {13},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Sci Rep},

abstract = {In areas of moderate to intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission, malaria in pregnancy remains a significant cause of low birth weight, stillbirth, and severe anaemia. Previously, fetal sex has been identified to modify the risks of maternal asthma, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes. One study demonstrated increased risk of placental malaria in women carrying a female fetus. We investigated the association between fetal sex and malaria in pregnancy in 11 pregnancy studies conducted in sub-Saharan African countries and Papua New Guinea through meta-analysis using log binomial regression fitted to a random-effects model. Malaria infection during pregnancy and delivery was assessed using light microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and histology. Five studies were observational studies and six were randomised controlled trials. Studies varied in terms of gravidity, gestational age at antenatal enrolment and bed net use. Presence of a female fetus was associated with malaria infection at enrolment by light microscopy (risk ratio 1.14 [95% confidence interval 1.04, 1.24]; P = 0.003; n = 11,729). Fetal sex did not associate with malaria infection when other time points or diagnostic methods were used. There is limited evidence that fetal sex influences the risk of malaria infection in pregnancy.},

keywords = {Anastasia Jessica Hadiprodjo, doi:10.1038/s41598-023-37431-3, Extramural, Falciparum* / complications, Falciparum* / epidemiology, Female, Holger W Unger, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Malaria, Malaria* / complications, Malaria* / epidemiology, MEDLINE, Meta-Analysis, N.I.H., National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, Newborn, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, placenta, Plasmodium falciparum, PMC10293221, pmid:37365258, Pregnancy, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Stephen J Rogerson, Stillbirth},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Prevalence of and risk factors for microscopic and submicroscopic malaria infections in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis},

author = {Anna Maria Eijk and Kasia Stepniewska and Jenny Hill and Steve M. Taylor and Stephen J. Rogerson and Gilles Cottrell and R. Matthew Chico and Julie R. Gutman and Halidou Tinto and Holger W. Unger and Stephanie K. Yanow and Steven R. Meshnick and Feiko O. Kuile and Alfredo Mayor and Steve M. Taylor and Stephen J. Rogerson and R. Matthew Chico and Julie R. Gutman and Hallidou Tinto and Holger W. Unger and Stephanie K. Yanow and Manfred Accrombessi and Ayola A. Adegnika and Rukhsana Ahmed and Eliana Mar\'{i}a Arango-Fl\'{o}rez and Myriam Arevalo-Herrera and Emmanual Arinaitwe and Paulo Arnaldo and Per Ashorn and Ulla Ashorn and Azucena Bardaji and Inoni Betuela and Praveen K. Bharti and Francis Bohissou and Camila B\^{o}tto-Menezes and Vera Braun and Valerie Briand and Jessica Briggs and Mar\'{i}a Eugenia Castellanos and Daniel Chandramohan and Enesia Banda Chaponda and Chetan Chitnis and Lauren M. Cohee and Michel Cot and Umberto d'Alessandro and Lise Denoeud-Ndam and Meghna Desai and Alassane Dicko and Xavier Ding and Grant Dorsey and Patrick E. Duffy and Maha A. Elbadry and Sonia M. Enosse and Yue Fan and Nadine Fievet and Michal Fried and Blaise Genton and Raquel Gonzalez and Brian Greenwood and Linda Kalilani and Johanna H. Kattenberg and Kassoum Kayentao and Carole Khairallah and Christopher L. King and Dhanpat Kumar Kochar and Swati Kochar and Felix Koukouikila-Koussounda and Sarah H. Landis and Miriam K. Laufer and Rose F. Leke and Eusebio Macete and Sonia Maculuve and Mwayiwawo Madanitsa and Almahamoudou Mahamar and Ken Maleta and Indu Malhotra and Rella Zoleko Manego and Flor Ernestina Martinez-Espinosa and Achille Massougbodji and Don Mathanga and Michela Menegon and Clara Menendez and Petra Mens and Martin Meremikwu and Frank P. Mockenhaupt and Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma and Dominic Mosha and Ivo Mueller and Alain Nahum and Paul Natureeba and Nicaise Ndam and Francine Ntoumi and Olabisi A. Oduwole and Bernard A. Okech and Maria Ome-Kaius and Kephas Otieno and Norma Padilla and Michal Ramharter and Rosemary Rochford and Anna Rosanas-Urgell and Maria Ruperez and Katherine R. Sabourin and Sergi Sanz and Henk D. Schallig and Susana Scott and Esperanca Sevene and Carlo Severini and Harry Tagbor and Diane Wallace Taylor and Maminata Traore Coulibaly and Ana Vasquez and Annie Walker-Abbey and Blair J. Wylie and Djimon M. Zannou and Stephen R. Meshnick},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37276878/},

doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00194-8},

issn = {2214-109X},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {The Lancet. Global health},

volume = {11},

issue = {7},

pages = {e1061-e1074},

publisher = {Lancet Glob Health},

abstract = {Background: Malaria infections during pregnancy can cause adverse birth outcomes, yet many infections are undetected by microscopy. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of submicroscopic malaria infections in pregnant women in Asia, the Americas, and Africa using aggregated and individual participant data (IPD). Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, studies (published Jan 1, 1997 to Nov 10, 2021) with information on both microscopic and submicroscopic infections during pregnancy from Asia, the Americas, or Africa, identified in the Malaria-in-Pregnancy Library, were eligible. Studies (or subgroups or study groups) that selected participants on the basis of the presence of fever or a positive blood smear were excluded to avoid selection bias. We obtained IPD (when available) and aggregated data. Estimates of malaria transmission intensity and sulfadoxine\textendashpyrimethamine resistance, matched by study location and year, were obtained using publicly available data. One-stage multivariable logit and multinomial models with random intercepts for study site were used in meta-analysis to assess prevalence of and risk factors for submicroscopic infections during pregnancy and at delivery. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42015027342. Findings: The search identified 87 eligible studies, 68 (78%) of which contributed to the analyses. Of these 68 studies, 45 (66%) studies contributed IPD (48 869 participants) and 23 (34%) studies contributed aggregated data (11 863 participants). During pregnancy, median prevalence estimates were 13·5% (range 0·0\textendash55·9, 66 substudies) for submicroscopic and 8·0% (0·0\textendash50·6, 66 substudies) for microscopic malaria. Among women with positive Plasmodium nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), the median proportion of submicroscopic infections was 58·7% (range 0·0\textendash100); this proportion was highest in the Americas (73·3%, 0·0\textendash100), followed by Asia (67·2%, 36·4\textendash100) and Africa (56·5%, 20·5\textendash97·7). In individual patient data analysis, compared with women with no malaria infections, those with submicroscopic infections were more likely to present with fever in Africa (adjusted odds ratio 1·32, 95% CI 1·02\textendash1·72; p=0·038) but not in other regions. Among women with NAAT-positive infections in Asia and the Americas, Plasmodium vivax infections were more likely to be submicroscopic than Plasmodium falciparum infections (3·69, 2·45\textendash5·54; p\<0·0001). Risk factors for submicroscopic infections among women with NAAT-positive infections in Africa included older age (age ≥30 years), multigravidity, and no HIV infection. Interpretation: During pregnancy, submicroscopic infections are more common than microscopic infections and are associated with fever in Africa. Malaria control in pregnancy should target both microscopic and submicroscopic infections. Funding: Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation through the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network.},

keywords = {{Adult, Anna Maria van Eijk, Antimalarials* / therapeutic use, Author(firstnames='Achille', Author(firstnames='Alain', Author(firstnames='Alassane', Author(firstnames='Alfredo', Author(firstnames='Almahamoudou', Author(firstnames='Ana', Author(firstnames='Anna', Author(firstnames='Annie', Author(firstnames='Ayola A', Author(firstnames='Azucena', Author(firstnames='Bernard A', Author(firstnames='Blair J', Author(firstnames='Blaise', Author(firstnames='Brian', Author(firstnames='Camila', Author(firstnames='Carlo', Author(firstnames='Carole', Author(firstnames='Chetan', Author(firstnames='Christopher L', Author(firstnames='Clara', Author(firstnames='Daniel', Author(firstnames='Dhanpat Kumar', Author(firstnames='Diane Wallace', Author(firstnames='Djimon M', Author(firstnames='Dominic', Author(firstnames='Don', Author(firstnames='Eliana Mar\'{i}a', Author(firstnames='Emmanual', Author(firstnames='Enesia Banda', Author(firstnames='Esperanca', Author(firstnames='Eusebio', Author(firstnames='Feiko O', Author(firstnames='Felix', Author(firstnames='Flor Ernestina', Author(firstnames='Francine', Author(firstnames='Francis', Author(firstnames='Frank P', Author(firstnames='Ghyslain', Author(firstnames='Gilles', Author(firstnames='Grant', Author(firstnames='Hallidou', Author(firstnames='Harry', Author(firstnames='Henk D', Author(firstnames='Holger W', Author(firstnames='Indu', Author(firstnames='Inoni', Author(firstnames='Ivo', Author(firstnames='Jenny', Author(firstnames='Jessica', Author(firstnames='Johanna H', Author(firstnames='Julie R', Author(firstnames='Kasia', Author(firstnames='Kassoum', Author(firstnames='Katherine R', Author(firstnames='Ken', Author(firstnames='Kephas', Author(firstnames='Lauren M', Author(firstnames='Linda', Author(firstnames='Lise', Author(firstnames='Maha A', Author(firstnames='Maminata', Author(firstnames='Manfred', Author(firstnames='Mar\'{i}a Eugenia', Author(firstnames='Maria', Author(firstnames='Martin', Author(firstnames='Meghna', Author(firstnames='Michal', Author(firstnames='Michel', Author(firstnames='Michela', Author(firstnames='Miriam K', Author(firstnames='Mwayiwawo', Author(firstnames='Myriam', Author(firstnames='Nadine', Author(firstnames='Nicaise', Author(firstnames='Norma', Author(firstnames='Olabisi A', Author(firstnames='Patrick E', Author(firstnames='Paul', Author(firstnames='Paulo', Author(firstnames='Per', Author(firstnames='Petra', Author(firstnames='Praveen K', Author(firstnames='R Matthew', Author(firstnames='Raquel', Author(firstnames='Rella', Author(firstnames='Rose F', Author(firstnames='Rosemary', Author(firstnames='Rukhsana', Author(firstnames='Sarah H', Author(firstnames='Sergi', Author(firstnames='Sonia M', Author(firstnames='Sonia', Author(firstnames='Stephanie K', Author(firstnames='Stephen J', Author(firstnames='Stephen R', Author(firstnames='Steve M', Author(firstnames='Susana', Author(firstnames='Swati', Author(firstnames='Ulla', Author(firstnames='Umberto', Author(firstnames='Valerie', Author(firstnames='Vera', Author(firstnames='Xavier', Author(firstnames='Yue', CollabAuthor(name='Subpatent Malaria in Pregnancy Group', Falciparum* / drug therapy, Female, Humans, Kasia Stepniewska, Malaria, Malaria* / prevention \& control, MEDLINE, Meta-Analysis, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., PMC10880462, Pregnancy, Prevalence, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Risk Factors, Systematic review, U.S. Gov't},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Djimde2023,

title = {Efficacy and safety of pyronaridine-artesunate (PYRAMAX) for the treatment of P. falciparum uncomplicated malaria in African pregnant women (PYRAPREG): study protocol for a phase 3, non-inferiority, randomised open-label clinical trial},

author = {Moussa Djimde and Japhet Kabalu Tshiongo and Hypolite Mavoko Muhindo and Halidou Tinto and Esperanca Sevene and Maminata Traore and Anifa Vala and Salesio MacUacua and Berenger Kabore and Edgard Diniba Dabira and Annette Erhart and Hamadoun Diakite and Mohamed Keita and Mireia Piqueras and Raquel Gonz\'{a}lez and Clara Menendez and Thomas P. C. Dorlo and Issaka Sagara and Petra Mens and Henk Schallig and Umberto D'Alessandro and Kassoum Kayentao},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37813539/},

doi = {10.1136/BMJOPEN-2022-065295},

issn = {2044-6055},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {BMJ open},

volume = {13},

issue = {10},

publisher = {BMJ Open},

abstract = {Introduction Malaria infection during pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight and infant mortality and should be prevented and treated. Artemisinin-based combination treatments are generally well tolerated, safe and effective; the most used being artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP). Pyronaridine-artesunate (PA) is a new artemisinin-based combination. The main objective of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of PA versus AL or DP when administered to pregnant women with confirmed Plasmodium falciparum infection in the second or third trimester. The primary hypothesis is the pairwise non-inferiority of PA as compared with either AL or DP. Methods and analysis A phase 3, non-inferiority, randomised, open-label clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of AL, DP and PA in pregnant women with malaria in five sub-Saharan, malaria-endemic countries (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali, Mozambique and the Gambia). A total of 1875 pregnant women will be randomised to one of the treatment arms. Women will be actively monitored until Day 63 post-treatment, at delivery and 4-6 weeks after delivery, and infants' health will be checked on their first birthday. The primary endpoint is the PCR-adjusted rate of adequate clinical and parasitological response at Day 42 in the per-protocol population. Ethics and dissemination This protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee for Health Research in Burkina Faso, the National Health Ethics Committee in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology/Faculty of Pharmacy in Mali, the Gambia Government/MRCG Joint Ethics Committee and the National Bioethics Committee for Health in Mozambique. Written informed consent will be obtained from each individual prior to her participation in the study. The results will be published in peer-reviewed open access journals and presented at (inter)national conferences and meetings. Trial registration number PACTR202011812241529.},

keywords = {Antimalarials* / adverse effects, Artemether, Artemether / therapeutic use, Artemisinins* / adverse effects, Clinical Trial Protocol, Clinical Trials, doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065295, Drug Combinations, Falciparum* / drug therapy, Female, Humans, Infant, Japhet Kabalu Tshiongo, Kassoum Kayentao, Lumefantrine Drug Combination / therapeutic use, Malaria, Malaria* / drug therapy, MEDLINE, Moussa Djimde, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Phase III as Topic, PMC10565244, pmid:37813539, Pregnancy, Pregnant Women, PubMed Abstract, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research Support, Sub-Saharan African People, Treatment Outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Natama2023,

title = {Associations between prenatal malaria exposure, maternal antibodies at birth, and malaria susceptibility during the first year of life in Burkina Faso},

author = {Hamtandi Magloire Natama and Gemma Moncunill and Marta Vidal and Toussaint Rouamba and Ruth Aguilar and Rebeca Santano and Eduard Rovira-Vallbona and Alfons Jim\'{e}nez and M. Athanase Som\'{e} and Hermann Sorgho and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Maminata Coulibaly-Traor\'{e} and Ross L. Coppel and David Cavanagh and Chetan E. Chitnis and James G. Beeson and Evelina Angov and Sheetij Dutta and Benoit Gamain and Luis Izquierdo and Petra F. Mens and Henk D. F. H. Schallig and Halidou Tinto and Anna Rosanas-Urgell and Carlota Doba\~{n}o},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37754682/},

doi = {10.1128/IAI.00268-23},

issn = {1098-5522},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Infection and immunity},

volume = {91},

issue = {10},

pages = {290},

publisher = {Infect Immun},

abstract = {In this study, we investigated how different categories of prenatal malaria exposure (PME) influence levels of maternal antibodies in cord blood samples and the subsequent risk of malaria in early childhood in a birth cohort study (N = 661) nested within the COSMIC clinical trial (NCT01941264) in Burkina Faso. Plasmodium falciparum infections during pregnancy and infants’ clinical malaria episodes detected during the first year of life were recorded. The levels of maternal IgG and IgG1-4 to 15 P. falciparum antigens were measured in cord blood by quantitative suspension array technology. Results showed a significant variation in the magnitude of maternal antibody levels in cord blood, depending on the PME category, with past placental malaria (PM) more frequently associated with significant increases of IgG and/or subclass levels across three groups of antigens defined as pre-erythrocytic, erythrocytic, and markers of PM, as compared to those from the cord of non-exposed control infants. High levels of antibodies to certain erythrocytic antigens (i.e., IgG to EBA140 and EBA175, IgG1 to EBA175 and MSP142, and IgG3 to EBA140 and MSP5) were independent predictors of protection from clinical malaria during the first year of life. By contrast, high levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 to the VAR2CSA DBL1-2 and IgG4 to DBL3-4 were significantly associated with an increased risk of clinical malaria. These findings indicate that PME categories have different effects on the levels of maternal-derived antibodies to malaria antigens in children at birth, and this might drive heterogeneity to clinical malaria susceptibility in early childhood.},

keywords = {Antibodies, Antigens, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Carlota Doba\~{n}o, Child, Cohort Studies, doi:10.1128/iai.00268-23, Falciparum*, Female, Gemma Moncunill, Hamtandi Magloire Natama, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Infant, Malaria, Malaria* / epidemiology, Maternal Exposure, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, Newborn, NIH, NLM, placenta, Plasmodium falciparum, PMC10580994, pmid:37754682, Pregnancy, Preschool, Protozoan, PubMed Abstract},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Low birth weight and its associated risk factors in a rural health district of Burkina Faso: a cross sectional study.},

author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge Henri Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Georges Som\'{e} and Ma\"{i}mouna Sanou and S\'{e}kou O. Samadoulougou and Serge Ouoba and Eli Rouamba and Annie Robert and Mich\`{e}le Dramaix and Philippe Donnen and Halidou Tinto},

doi = {10.1186/s12884-022-04554-w},

issn = {1471-2393},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-01},

urldate = {2022-03-01},

journal = {BMC pregnancy and childbirth},

volume = {22},

issue = {1},

pages = {228},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major factor of neonate mortality that particularly affects developing countries. However, the scarcity of data to support decision making to reduce LBW occurrence is a major obstacle in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of LBW at the Yako health district in a rural area of Burkina Faso. METHODS: A cross sectional survey was conducted at four peripheral health centers among mothers and their newly delivered babies. The mothers' socio-demographic and obstetrical characteristics were collected by face-to-face interview or by review of antenatal care books. Maternal malaria was tested by standard microscopy and neonates' birth weights were documented. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with LBW. A p-value \< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of 600 neonates examined, the prevalence of low birth weight was 11.0%. Adjustment for socio-demographic characteristic, medical conditions, obstetrical history, malaria prevention measures by multivariate logistic regression found that being a primigravid mother (aOR = 1.8, [95% CI: 1.1-3.0]), the presence of malaria infection (aOR = 1.9, [95% CI: 1.1-3.5]), the uptake of less than three doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp-SP) (aOR = 2.2, [95% CI: 1.3-3.9]), the presence of maternal fever at the time of delivery (aOR = 2.8, [95% CI: 1.5-5.3]) and being a female neonate (aOR = 1.9, [95% CI: 1.1-3.3]) were independently associated with an increased risk of LBW occurrence. The number of antenatal visits performed by the mother during her pregnancy did not provide any direct protection for low birth weight. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of LBW remained high in the study area. Maternal malaria, fever and low uptake of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine doses were significantly associated with LBW and should be adequately addressed by public health interventions.},

keywords = {*Antimalarials/therapeutic use, *Rural Health, Associated factors, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Newborn, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Rural area},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Age-modified factors associated with placental malaria in rural Burkina Faso.},

author = {Bi\'{e}bo Bihoun and Serge Henri Zango and Maminata Traor\'{e}-Coulibaly and Innocent Valea and Raffaella Ravinetto and Jean Pierre Van Geertruyden and Umberto D'Alessandro and Halidou Tinto and Annie Robert},

doi = {10.1186/s12884-022-04568-4},

issn = {1471-2393},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-01},

urldate = {2022-03-01},

journal = {BMC pregnancy and childbirth},

volume = {22},

issue = {1},

pages = {248},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria in pregnancy can result in placental infection with fetal implications. This study aimed at assessing placental malaria (PM) prevalence and its associated factors in a cohort of pregnant women with peripheral malaria and their offspring. METHOD: The data were collected in the framework of a clinical trial on treatments for malaria in pregnant women . Placental malaria (PM) was diagnosed by histopathological detection of parasites and/or malaria pigment on placenta biopsies taken at delivery. Factors associated with PM were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Out of 745 biopsies examined, PM was diagnosed in 86.8 % of women. Acute, chronic and past PM were retrieved in 11 (1.5 %), 170 (22.8 %), and 466 (62.6 %) women, respectively. A modifying effect was observed in the association of gravidity or anemia at the study start with pooled PM (presence of parasites and/or malaria pigment). In women under 30, gravidity ≤ 2 was associated with an increased prevalence of pooled PM but in women aged 30 years or more, gravidity was no more associated with pooled PM (OR 6.81, 95 % CI 3.18 - 14.60; and OR 0.52, 95 % CI 0.10 - 2.76, respectively). Anemia was associated with pooled PM in women under 30 (OR 1.96, 95 % CI 1.03 - 3.72) but not in women aged 30 years or more (OR 0.68, 95 % CI 0.31 - 1.49). Similarly, the association of gravidity with past-chronic PM depended also on age. A higher prevalence of active PM was observed in women under 30 presenting with symptomatic malaria (OR 3.79, 95 % CI 1.55 - 9.27), while there was no significant increase in the prevalence of active PM (presence of parasites only) in women with symptomatic malaria when aged 30 years or more (OR 0.42, 95 % CI 0.10 - 1.75). In women with chronic PM, the prevalence of low birth weight or prematurity was the highest (31.2 %) as compared with past PM or no PM. CONCLUSION: Despite the rapid diagnosis and efficacious treatment of peripheral infection, the prevalence of placental malaria remained high in women with P. falciparum peripheral infection in Nanoro, especially in younger women This underlines the importance of preventive measures in this specific group.},

keywords = {*Malaria, *Malaria/epidemiology, Adult, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Falciparum/parasitology, Female, Gravidity, Humans, Malaria, placenta, Placenta/parasitology, Pregnancy, Risk Factors},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chandramohan2021-qm,

title = {Seasonal malaria vaccination with or without seasonal malaria  chemoprevention},

author = {Daniel Chandramohan and Issaka Zongo and Issaka Sagara and Matthew Cairns and Rakiswend\'{e}-Serge Yerbanga and Modibo Diarra and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Niki`ema and Amadou Tapily and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Sompougdou and Djibrilla Issiaka and Charles Zoungrana and Koualy Sanogo and Alassane Haro and Mahamadou Kaya and Abdoul-Aziz Sienou and Seydou Traore and Almahamoudou Mahamar and Ismaila Thera and Kalifa Diarra and Amagana Dolo and Irene Kuepfer and Paul Snell and Paul Milligan and Christian Ockenhouse and Opokua Ofori-Anyinam and Halidou Tinto and Abdoulaye Djimde and Jean-Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo and Alassane Dicko and Brian Greenwood},

doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa2026330},

issn = {1533-4406 0028-4793},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-09},

urldate = {2021-09-09},

journal = {N. Engl. J. Med.},

volume = {385},

number = {11},

pages = {1005--1017},

publisher = {Massachusetts Medical Society},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria control remains a challenge in many parts of 

 the Sahel and sub-Sahel regions of Africa. METHODS: We conducted 

 an individually randomized, controlled trial to assess whether 

 seasonal vaccination with RTS,S/AS01E was noninferior to 

 chemoprevention in preventing uncomplicated malaria and whether 

 the two interventions combined were superior to either one alone 

 in preventing uncomplicated malaria and severe malaria-related 

 outcomes. RESULTS: We randomly assigned 6861 children 5 to 17 

 months of age to receive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and 

 amodiaquine (2287 children [chemoprevention-alone group]), 

 RTS,S/AS01E (2288 children [vaccine-alone group]), or 

 chemoprevention and RTS,S/AS01E (2286 children [combination 

 group]). Of these, 1965, 1988, and 1967 children in the three 

 groups, respectively, received the first dose of the assigned 

 intervention and were followed for 3 years. Febrile seizure 

 developed in 5 children the day after receipt of the vaccine, 

 but the children recovered and had no sequelae. There were 305 

 events of uncomplicated clinical malaria per 1000 person-years 

 at risk in the chemoprevention-alone group, 278 events per 1000 

 person-years in the vaccine-alone group, and 113 events per 1000 

 person-years in the combination group. The hazard ratio for the 

 protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E as compared with 

 chemoprevention was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 

 1.01), which excluded the prespecified noninferiority margin of 

 1.20. The protective efficacy of the combination as compared 

 with chemoprevention alone was 62.8% (95% CI, 58.4 to 66.8) 

 against clinical malaria, 70.5% (95% CI, 41.9 to 85.0) against 

 hospital admission with severe malaria according to the World 

 Health Organization definition, and 72.9% (95% CI, 2.9 to 

 92.4) against death from malaria. The protective efficacy of the 

 combination as compared with the vaccine alone against these 

 outcomes was 59.6% (95% CI, 54.7 to 64.0), 70.6% (95% CI, 

 42.3 to 85.0), and 75.3% (95% CI, 12.5 to 93.0), respectively. 

 CONCLUSIONS: Administration of RTS,S/AS01E was noninferior to 

 chemoprevention in preventing uncomplicated malaria. The 

 combination of these interventions resulted in a substantially 

 lower incidence of uncomplicated malaria, severe malaria, and 

 death from malaria than either intervention alone. (Funded by 

 the Joint Global Health Trials and PATH; ClinicalTrials.gov 

 number, NCT03143218.).},

note = {Copyright © 2021 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Place: United States

PMID: 34432975},

keywords = {Amodiaquine/therapeutic use, Antimalarials/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Chemoprevention, Combination, Combined Modality Therapy, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Drug Therapy, Falciparum/epidemiology/mortality/prevention \& control, Febrile/etiology, Female, Hospitalization/statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Malaria Vaccines/administration \& dosage/adverse effects, Male, Mali/epidemiology, Pyrimethamine/therapeutic use, Seasons, Seizures, Sulfadoxine/therapeutic use},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Roberts2021-gg,

title = {Seasonal patterns of malaria, genital infection, nutritional and  iron status in non-pregnant and pregnant adolescents in Burkina  Faso: a secondary analysis of trial data},

author = {Stephen A Roberts and Loretta Brabin and Halidou Tinto and Sabine Gies and Salou Diallo and Bernard Brabin},

doi = {10.1186/s12889-021-11819-0},

issn = {1471-2458},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

urldate = {2021-09-01},

journal = {BMC Public Health},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

pages = {1764},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adolescents are considered at high risk of developing iron deficiency. Studies in children indicate that the prevalence of iron deficiency increased with  malaria transmission, suggesting malaria seasonally may drive iron deficiency. This  paper examines monthly seasonal infection patterns of malaria, abnormal vaginal  flora, chorioamnionitis, antibiotic and antimalarial prescriptions, in relation to  changes in iron biomarkers and nutritional indices in adolescents living in a rural  area of Burkina Faso, in order to assess the requirement for seasonal infection  control and nutrition interventions. METHODS: Data collected between April 2011 and  January 2014 were available for an observational seasonal analysis, comprising  scheduled visits for 1949 non-pregnant adolescents (≤19 years), (315 of whom  subsequently became pregnant), enrolled in a randomised trial of periconceptional  iron supplementation. Data from trial arms were combined. Body Iron Stores (BIS)  were calculated using an internal regression for ferritin to allow for inflammation.  At recruitment 11% had low BIS (\< 0 mg/kg). Continuous outcomes were fitted to a  mixed-effects linear model with month, age and pregnancy status as fixed effect  covariates and woman as a random effect. Dichotomous infection outcomes were fitted  with analogous logistic regression models. RESULTS: Seasonal variation in malaria  parasitaemia prevalence ranged between 18 and 70% in non-pregnant adolescents  (P \< 0.001), peaking at 81% in those who became pregnant. Seasonal variation  occurred in antibiotic prescription rates (0.7-1.8 prescriptions/100 weekly visits,  P \< 0.001) and chorioamnionitis prevalence (range 15-68%, P = 0.026). Mucosal  vaginal lactoferrin concentration was lower at the end of the wet season (range  2-22 μg/ml, P \< 0.016), when chorioamnionitis was least frequent. BIS fluctuated  annually by up to 53.2% per year around the mean BIS (5.1 mg/kg(2), range  4.1-6.8 mg/kg), with low BIS (\< 0 mg/kg) of 8.7% in the dry and 9.8% in the wet  seasons (P = 0.36). Median serum transferrin receptor increased during the wet  season (P \< 0.001). Higher hepcidin concentration in the wet season corresponded  with rising malaria prevalence and use of prescriptions, but with no change in BIS.  Mean Body Mass Index and Mid-Upper-Arm-Circumference values peaked mid-dry season  (both P \< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis supports preventive treatment of malaria  among adolescents 15-19 years to decrease their disease burden, especially  asymptomatic malaria. As BIS were adequate in most adolescents despite seasonal  malaria, a requirement for programmatic iron supplementation was not substantiated.},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34579679 

PMCID: PMC8477466},

keywords = {Abnormal vaginal flora, Adolescents, Bacterial vaginosis, Body Mass Index, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Child, Female, Humans, Iron, iron biomarkers, Malaria, Malaria/drug therapy/epidemiology, MUAC, Pregnancy, Seasons, Vagina},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Compaore2021-hg,

title = {'Men are not playing their roles', maternal and child nutrition  in Nanoro, Burkina Faso},

author = {Ad\'{e}la"ide Compaor\'{e} and Kadija Ouedraogo and Palwende R Boua and Daniella Watson and Sarah H Kehoe and Marie-Louise Newell and Halidou Tinto and Mary Barker and Hermann Sorgho and INPreP group},

doi = {10.1017/S1368980020003365},

issn = {1475-2727 1368-9800},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-01},

urldate = {2021-08-01},

journal = {Public Health Nutr.},

volume = {24},

number = {12},

pages = {3780--3790},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To collect context-specific insights into maternal 

 and child health and nutrition issues, and to explore potential 

 solutions in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. DESIGN: Eleven focus groups 

 with men and women from eleven communities, facilitated by local 

 researchers. SETTING: The study took place in the Nanoro Health 

 district, in the West-Central part of Burkina Faso. 

 PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-six men (18-55 years) and women by age 

 group: 18-25; 26-34 and 35-55 years, participated in the group 

 discussions. RESULTS: Participants described barriers to optimal 

 nutrition of mothers and children related to a range of 

 community factors, with gender inequality as central. Major 

 themes in the discussions are related to poverty and challenges 

 generated by socially and culturally determined gender roles. 

 Sub-themes are women lacking access to food whilst pregnant and 

 having limited access to health care and opportunities to 

 generate income. Although communities believe that food 

 donations should be implemented to overcome this, they also 

 pointed out the need for enhancing their own food production, 

 requiring improved agricultural technologies. Given the 

 important role that women could play in reducing malnutrition, 

 these communities felt they needed to be empowered to do so and 

 supported by men. They also felt that this had to be carried out 

 in the context of an enhanced health care system. CONCLUSIONS: 

 Findings reported here highlight the importance of 

 nutrition-sensitive interventions and women's empowerment in 

 improving maternal and child nutrition. There is a need to 

 integrate a sustainable multi-sectorial approach which goes 

 beyond food support.},

note = {Place: England

PMID: 33000717},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, Child, Child nutrition, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Community perceptions, Empowerment, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal nutrition, Mothers, Nutritional Status, Pregnancy, Qualitative research},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaspard2021-bl,

title = {Clinical presentation, outcomes and factors associated with  mortality: A prospective study from three COVID-19 referral  care centres in West Africa},

author = {Marie Jaspard and Mamadou Saliou Sow and Sylvain Juchet and Eric Diender\'{e} and Beatrice Serra and Richard Kojan and Billy Sivahera and Caroline Martin and Moumouni Kinda and Hans-Joerg Lang and Fod\'{e} Bangaly Sako and Fod\'{e} Amara Traor\'{e} and Eudoxie Koumbem and Halidou Tinto and Adama Sanou and Apoline Sondo and Flavien Kabor\'{e} and Joseph Donamou and Jean-Paul-Yassa Guilavogui and Fanny Velardo and Brice Bicaba and Olivier Marcy and Augustin Augier and Sani Sayadi and Armel Poda and Sakoba Keita and Xavier Anglaret and Denis Malvy and COVISTA group},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.024},

issn = {1878-3511 1201-9712},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-01},

urldate = {2021-07-01},

journal = {Int. J. Infect. Dis.},

volume = {108},

pages = {45--52},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The overall death toll from COVID-19 in Africa is 

 reported to be low but there is little individual-level evidence 

 on the severity of the disease. This study examined the clinical 

 spectrum and outcome of patients monitored in COVID-19 care 

 centres (CCCs) in two West-African countries. METHODS: Burkina 

 Faso and Guinea set up referral CCCs to hospitalise all 

 symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, regardless of the severity of 

 their symptoms. Data collected from hospitalised patients by 

 November 2020 are presented. RESULT: A total of 1,805 patients 

 (64% men, median age 41 years) were admitted with COVID-19. 

 Symptoms lasted for a median of 7 days (IQR 4-11). During 

 hospitalisation, 443 (25%) had a SpO2 \< 94% at least once, 237 

 (13%) received oxygen and 266 (15%) took corticosteroids. 

 Mortality was 5% overall, and 1%, 5% and 14% in patients 

 aged \<40, 40-59 and $geq$60 years, respectively. In 

 multivariable analysis, the risk of death was higher in men (aOR 

 2.0, 95% CI 1.1; 3.6), people aged $geq$60 years (aOR 2.9, 

 95% CI 1.7; 4.8) and those with chronic hypertension (aOR 2.1, 

 95% CI 1.2; 3.4). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is as severe in Africa 

 as elsewhere, and there must be more vigilance for common risk 

 factors such as older age and hypertension.},

note = {Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

PMID: 34000419 

PMCID: PMC8120805},

keywords = {Adult, Aged, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Comorbidities, COVID-19, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Mortality, Prospective Studies, Referral and Consultation, SARS-Cov-2, sub-Saharan Africa},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{De_Wit2021-yi,

title = {Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria  transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on  the incidence of clinical malaria},

author = {Mariken Wit and Matthew Cairns and Yves Daniel Compaor\'{e} and Issaka Sagara and Irene Kuepfer and Issaka Zongo and Amadou Barry and Modibo Diarra and Amadou Tapily and Samba Coumare and Ismaila Thera and Frederic Nikiema and R Serge Yerbanga and Rosemonde M Guissou and Halidou Tinto and Alassane Dicko and Daniel Chandramohan and Brian Greenwood and Jean Bosco Ouedraogo},

doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03802-2},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-22},

urldate = {2021-06-22},

journal = {Malar. J.},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {274},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria and malnutrition remain major problems in 

 Sahel countries, especially in young children. The direct effect 

 of malnutrition on malaria remains poorly understood, and may 

 have important implications for malaria control. In this study, 

 nutritional status and the association between malnutrition and 

 subsequent incidence of symptomatic malaria were examined in 

 children in Burkina Faso and Mali who received either 

 azithromycin or placebo, alongside seasonal malaria 

 chemoprevention. METHODS: Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was 

 measured in all 20,185 children who attended a screening visit 

 prior to the malaria transmission season in 2015. Prior to the 

 2016 malaria season, weight, height and MUAC were measured among 

 4149 randomly selected children. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, 

 weight-for-height, and MUAC-for-age were calculated as 

 indicators of nutritional status. Malaria incidence was measured 

 during the following rainy seasons. Multivariable random effects 

 Poisson models were created for each nutritional indicator to 

 study the effect of malnutrition on clinical malaria incidence 

 for each country. RESULTS: In both 2015 and 2016, nutritional 

 status prior to the malaria season was poor. The most prevalent 

 form of malnutrition in Burkina Faso was being underweight 

 (30.5%; 95% CI 28.6-32.6), whereas in Mali stunting was most 

 prevalent (27.5%; 95% CI 25.6-29.5). In 2016, clinical malaria 

 incidence was 675 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 613-744) in 

 Burkina Faso, and 1245 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1152-1347) 

 in Mali. There was some evidence that severe stunting was 

 associated with lower incidence of malaria in Mali (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.64-1.02; p = 0.08), but this association was not seen 

 in Burkina Faso. Being moderately underweight tended to be 

 associated with higher incidence of clinical malaria in Burkina Faso (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07), while this was the 

 case in Mali for moderate wasting (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98-1.64; p = 0.07). However, these associations were not observed in 

 severely affected children, nor consistent between countries. 

 MUAC-for-age was not associated with malaria risk. CONCLUSIONS: 

 Both malnutrition and malaria were common in the study areas, 

 high despite high coverage of seasonal malaria chemoprevention 

 and long-lasting insecticidal nets. However, no strong or 

 consistent evidence was found for an association between any of 

 the nutritional indicators and the subsequent incidence of 

 clinical malaria.},

note = {PMID: 34158054 

PMCID: PMC8220741},

keywords = {Acute malnutrition, Antimalarials/administration \& dosage, Azithromycin/administration \& dosage, Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Child, Chronic malnutrition, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Malaria, Malaria/epidemiology/transmission, Male, Nutritional Status, Preschool, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, Seasons},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Post2021-oo,

title = {Altered ex-vivo cytokine responses in children with asymptomatic  Plasmodium falciparum infection in Burkina Faso: An additional  argument to treat asymptomatic malaria?},

author = {Annelies Post and Berenger Kabor\'{e} and Mike Berendsen and Salou Diallo and Ousmane Traore and Rob J W Arts and Mihai G Netea and Leo A B Joosten and Halidou Tinto and Jan Jacobs and Quirijn Mast and Andr\'{e} Ven},

doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2021.614817},

issn = {1664-3224},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-09},

urldate = {2021-06-09},

journal = {Front. Immunol.},

volume = {12},

pages = {614817},

publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},

abstract = {Introduction: Patients with clinical malaria have an increased 

 risk for bacterial bloodstream infections. We hypothesized that 

 asymptomatic malaria parasitemia increases susceptibility for 

 bacterial infections through an effect on the innate immune 

 system. We measured circulating cytokine levels and ex-vivo 

 cytokine production capacity in asymptomatic malaria and 

 compared with controls. Methods: Data were collected from 

 asymptomatic participants \<5 years old with and without positive 

 malaria microscopy, as well as from hospitalized patients \<5 

 years old with clinical malaria, bacteremia, or 

 malaria/bacteremia co-infections in a malaria endemic region of 

 Burkina Faso. Circulating cytokines (TNF-$alpha$, IFN-$gamma$, 

 IL-6, IL-10) were measured using multiplex assays. Whole blood 

 from asymptomatic participants with and without positive malaria 

 microscopy were ex-vivo stimulated with S. aureus, E. coli LPS 

 and Salmonella Typhimurium; cytokine concentrations 

 (TNF-$alpha$, IFN-$gamma$, IL-1$beta$, IL-6, IL-10) were 

 measured on supernatants using ELISA. Results: Included were children with clinical malaria (n=118), bacteremia (n=22), malaria and bacteremia co-infection (n=9), asymptomatic malaria (n=125), and asymptomatic controls (n=237). Children with either 

 clinical or asymptomatic malaria had higher plasma cytokine 

 concentrations than controls. Cytokine concentrations correlated 

 positively with malaria parasite density with the strongest correlation for IL-10 in both asymptomatic (r=0.63) and clinical malaria (r=0.53). Patients with bacteremia had lower circulating 

 IL-10, TNF-$alpha$ and IFN-$gamma$ and higher IL-6 

 concentrations, compared to clinical malaria. Ex-vivo whole 

 blood cytokine production to LPS and S. aureus was significantly 

 lower in asymptomatic malaria compared to controls. Whole blood 

 IFN-$gamma$ and IL-10 production in response to Salmonella was 

 also lower in asymptomatic malaria. Interpretation: In children 

 with asymptomatic malaria, cytokine responses upon ex-vivo 

 bacterial stimulation are downregulated. Further studies are 

 needed to explore if the suggested impaired innate immune 

 response to bacterial pathogens also translates into impaired 

 control of pathogens such as Salmonella spp.},

note = {Copyright © 2021 Post, Kabor\'{e}, Berendsen, Diallo, Traore, Arts, Netea, Joosten, Tinto, Jacobs, de Mast and van der Ven.

PMID: 34177883 

PMCID: PMC8220162},

keywords = {Asymptomatic Diseases, asymptomatic malaria, bacteraemia, Bacteremia, bloodstream infection, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Cells, Child, Cultured, Cytokines/metabolism, Endemic Diseases, Female, Humans, Infant, iNTS, Lipopolysaccharides/immunology, Malaria/epidemiology/immunology, Male, Parasite Load, Plasmodium falciparum/physiology, Preschool, Salmonella},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bognini2021-mk,

title = {Socioeconomic inequalities in curative healthcare-seeking for  children under five before and after the free healthcare  initiative in Sierra Leone: analysis of population-based survey  data},

author = {Joel D Bognini and Sekou Samadoulougou and Mady Ouedraogo and Tiga David Kangoye and Carine Van Malderen and Halidou Tinto and Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou},

doi = {10.1186/s12939-021-01474-7},

issn = {1475-9276},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-21},

urldate = {2021-05-21},

journal = {Int. J. Equity Health},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {124},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequalities between and within countries lead to disparities in the use of health services. These disparities could lead to child  mortality in children under 5 years by depriving them of healthcare. Therefore,  initiatives to remove healthcare fees such as the Free Healthcare Initiative (FHCI)  adopted in Sierra Leone can contribute to reducing these inequities in  healthcare-seeking for children. This study aimed to assess the socioeconomic  inequalities in healthcare-seeking for children under 5 years of age before and  after the implementation of the FHCI. METHODS: Data were included on 1207, 2815,  1633, and 1476 children under 5 years of age with fever from the 2008, 2013, 2016,  and 2019 nationwide surveys, respectively. Concentration curves were drawn for the  period before (2008) and after (2013-2019) the implementation of the FHCI to assess  socioeconomic inequalities in healthcare-seeking. Finally, Erreyger's corrected  concentration indices were calculated to understand the magnitude of these  inequalities. RESULTS: Before the implementation of the FHCI, there were  inequalities in healthcare-seeking for children under five (Erreyger's corrected  concentration index (CI) = 0.168, standard error (SE) = 0.049; p \< 0.001) in favor  of the wealthy households. These inequalities decreased after the implementation of  the FHCI (CI = 0.061, SE = 0.033; p = 0.06 in 2013, CI = 0.039, SE = 0.04; p = 0.32  in 2016, and CI = - 0.0005, SE = 0.362; p = 0.98 in 2019). Furthermore, before the  implementation of the FHCI, a significant pro-rich inequality in the districts of  Kenema (CI = 0.117, SE = 0.168, p = 0.021), Kono (CI = 0.175, SE = 0.078, p = 0.028)  and Western Area Urban (CI = 0.070, SE = 0.032, p = 0.031) has been observed. After  the implementation of the FHCI in 2019, these disparities were reduced, 11 of the 14  districts had a CI around the value of equality, and only in 2 districts the  pro-rich inequality were significant (Western Area Urban (CI = 0.035, SE = 0.016,  p = 0.039) and Western Area Rural (CI = 0.066, SE = 0.030, p = 0.027)). CONCLUSION:  The results of this study demonstrated that socio-economic inequalities in  healthcare-seeking for children have been considerably reduced after the FHCI in  Sierra Leone. To further reduce these inequalities, policy actions can focus on the  increase of availability of health services in the districts where the  healthcare-seeking remained pro-rich.},

note = {PMID: 34020665 

PMCID: PMC8140517},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Children under five, Delivery of Health Care/economics, Female, Health Care Surveys, Healthcare Disparities/economics/statistics \& numerical data, Healthcare utilization, Humans, Infant, Male, Parents/psychology, Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics \& numerical data, Preschool, Sierra Leone, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Adoke2021-el,

title = {A randomized, double-blind, phase 2b study to investigate the  efficacy, safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a  single-dose regimen of ferroquine with artefenomel in adults and  children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria},

author = {Yeka Adoke and Rella Zoleko-Manego and Serge Ouoba and Alfred B Tiono and Grace Kaguthi and Juv^encio Eduardo Bonzela and Tran Thanh Duong and Alain Nahum and Marielle Bouyou-Akotet and Bernhards Ogutu and Alphonse Ouedraogo and Fiona Macintyre and Andreas Jessel and Bart Laurijssens and Mohammed H Cherkaoui-Rbati and Cathy Cantalloube and Anne Claire Marrast and Rapha"el Bejuit and David White and Timothy N C Wells and Florian Wartha and Didier Leroy and Afizi Kibuuka and Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma and Daouda Ouattara and Ir`ene Mugenya and Bui Quang Phuc and Francis Bohissou and Denise P Mawili-Mboumba and Fredrick Olewe and Issiaka Soulama and Halidou Tinto and FALCI Study Group},

doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03749-4},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-19},

urldate = {2021-05-19},

journal = {Malar. J.},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {222},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: For uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, 

 highly efficacious single-dose treatments are expected to 

 increase compliance and improve treatment outcomes, and thereby 

 may slow the development of resistance. The efficacy and safety 

 of a single-dose combination of artefenomel (800 mg) plus 

 ferroquine (400/600/900/1200 mg doses) for the treatment of 

 uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were evaluated in Africa 

 (focusing on children $\leq$ 5 years) and Asia. METHODS: The 

 study was a randomized, double-blind, single-dose, multi-arm 

 clinical trial in patients aged \> 6 months to 5 years and 20 

 Asian patients. None of the treatment arms met the target 

 efficacy criterion for PCR-adjusted ACPR at Day 28 (lower limit 

 of 95% confidence interval [CI] \> 90%). PCR-adjusted ACPR at 

 Day 28 [95% CI] in the PP Set ranged from 78.4% [64.7; 88.7%] 

 to 91.7% [81.6; 97.2%] for the 400 mg to 1200 mg ferroquine 

 dose. Efficacy rates were low in Vietnamese patients, ranging 

 from 20 to 40%. A clear relationship was found between drug 

 exposure (artefenomel and ferroquine concentrations at Day 7) 

 and efficacy (primary endpoint), with higher concentrations of 

 both drugs resulting in higher efficacy. Six distinct kelch-13 

 mutations were detected in parasite isolates from 10/272 African 

 patients (with 2 mutations known to be associated with 

 artemisinin resistance) and 18/20 Asian patients (all C580Y 

 mutation). Vomiting within 6 h of initial artefenomel 

 administration was common (24.6%) and associated with lower 

 drug exposures. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of 

 artefenomel/ferroquine combination was suboptimal in African 

 children aged $\leq$ 5 years, the population of interest, and 

 vomiting most likely had a negative impact on efficacy. Trial 

 registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02497612. Registered 14 Jul 

 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02497612?term=NCT02497612\&draw=2\&rank=1.},

note = {PMID: 34011358 

PMCID: PMC8135182},

keywords = {Adamantane/administration \& dosage/analogs \& derivatives, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aminoquinolines/administration \& dosage, Benin, Burkina Faso, C580Y, Child, Combination treatment, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Exposure\textendashresponse, Falciparum/prevention \& control, Female, Ferroquine, Ferrous Compounds/administration \& dosage, Gabon, Humans, Infant, Kelch-13 mutation, Kenya, Malaria, Male, Metallocenes/administration \& dosage, Middle Aged, Mozambique, Parasite clearance, Peroxides/administration \& dosage, Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects, Preschool, resistance, Uganda, Vietnam, Vomiting, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}