Publications

@article{Soumah2024,

title = {Prevalence of dermal trypanosomes in suspected and confirmed cases of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in Guinea},

author = {Alseny M’Mah Soumah and Mariame Camara and Justin Windingoudi Kabor\'{e} and Ibrahim Sadissou and Hamidou Ilboudo and Christelle Travaill\'{e} and Oumou Camara and Magali Tichit and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Salimatou Boiro and Aline Crouzols and Jean Marc Tsagmo Ngoune and David Hardy and A\"{i}ssata Camara and Vincent Jamonneau and Annette Macleod and Jean Mathieu Bart and Mamadou Camara and Bruno Bucheton and Brice Rotureau},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39159265/},

doi = {10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0012436},

issn = {1935-2735},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},

volume = {18},

issue = {8},

publisher = {PLoS Negl Trop Dis},

abstract = {The skin is an anatomical reservoir for African trypanosomes, yet the prevalence of extravascular parasite carriage in the population at risk of gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis (gHAT) remains unclear. Here, we conducted a prospective observational cohort study in the HAT foci of Forecariah and Boffa, Republic of Guinea. Of the 18,916 subjects serologically screened for gHAT, 96 were enrolled into our study. At enrolment and follow-up visits, participants underwent a dermatological examination and had blood samples and superficial skin snip biopsies taken for examination by molecular and immuno-histological methods. In seropositive individuals, dermatological symptoms were significantly more frequent as compared to seronegative controls. Trypanosoma brucei DNA was detected in the blood of 67% of confirmed cases (22/33) and 9% of unconfirmed seropositive individuals (3/32). However, parasites were detected in the extravascular dermis of up to 71% of confirmed cases (25/35) and 41% of unconfirmed seropositive individuals (13/32) by PCR and/or immuno-histochemistry. Six to twelve months after treatment, trypanosome detection in the skin dropped to 17% of confirmed cases (5/30), whereas up to 25% of unconfirmed, hence untreated, seropositive individuals (4/16) were still found positive. Dermal trypanosomes were observed in subjects from both transmission foci, however, the occurrence of pruritus and the PCR positivity rates were significantly higher in unconfirmed seropositive individuals in Forecariah. The lower sensitivity of superficial skin snip biopsies appeared critical for detecting trypanosomes in the basal dermis. These results are discussed in the context of the planned elimination of gHAT.},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, African* / diagnosis, African* / epidemiology, African* / parasitology, Alseny M'mah Soumah, Brice Rotureau, Child, DNA, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012436, Female, Guinea / epidemiology, Humans, Male, Mariame Camara, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Observational Study, PMC11361743, pmid:39159265, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Protozoan / genetics, PubMed Abstract, Skin* / parasitology, Skin* / pathology, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense* / isolation \& purification, Trypanosomiasis, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Camara2023,

title = {Performance of clinical signs and symptoms, rapid and reference laboratory diagnostic tests for diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis by passive screening in Guinea: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study},

author = {Oumou Camara and Mamadou Camara and Laura Cristina Falzon and Hamidou Ilboudo and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Charlie Franck Alfred Compaor\'{e} and Eric Maurice F\`{e}vre and Philippe B\"{u}scher and Bruno Bucheton and Veerle Lejon},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36941656/},

doi = {10.1186/S40249-023-01076-1},

issn = {2049-9957},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Infectious diseases of poverty},

volume = {12},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Infect Dis Poverty},

abstract = {Background: Passive diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) at the health facility level is a major component of HAT control in Guinea. We examined which clinical signs and symptoms are associated with HAT, and assessed the performance of selected clinical presentations, of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), and of reference laboratory tests on dried blood spots (DBS) for diagnosing HAT in Guinea. Method: The study took place in 14 health facilities in Guinea, where 2345 clinical suspects were tested with RDTs (HAT Sero-K-Set, rHAT Sero-Strip, and SD Bioline HAT). Seropositives underwent parasitological examination (reference test) to confirm HAT and their DBS were tested in indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)/Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, trypanolysis, Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei Detection kit (LAMP) and m18S quantitative PCR (qPCR). Multivariable regression analysis assessed association of clinical presentation with HAT. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of key clinical presentations, of the RDTs and of the DBS tests for HAT diagnosis were determined. Results: The HAT prevalence, as confirmed parasitologically, was 2.0% (48/2345, 95% CI: 1.5\textendash2.7%). Odds ratios (OR) for HAT were increased for participants with swollen lymph nodes (OR = 96.7, 95% CI: 20.7\textendash452.0), important weight loss (OR = 20.4, 95% CI: 7.05\textendash58.9), severe itching (OR = 45.9, 95% CI: 7.3\textendash288.7) or motor disorders (OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 0.89\textendash22.5). Presence of at least one of these clinical presentations was 75.6% (95% CI: 73.8\textendash77.4%) specific and 97.9% (95% CI: 88.9\textendash99.9%) sensitive for HAT. HAT Sero-K-Set, rHAT Sero-Strip, and SD Bioline HAT were respectively 97.5% (95% CI: 96.8\textendash98.1%), 99.4% (95% CI: 99.0\textendash99.7%) and 97.9% (95% CI: 97.2\textendash98.4%) specific, and 100% (95% CI: 92.5\textendash100.0%), 59.6% (95% CI: 44.3\textendash73.3%) and 93.8% (95% CI: 82.8\textendash98.7%) sensitive for HAT. The RDT’s positive and negative predictive values ranged from 45.2\textendash66.7% and 99.2\textendash100% respectively. All DBS tests had specificities ≥ 92.9%. While LAMP and m18S qPCR sensitivities were below 50%, trypanolysis and ELISA/T.b. gambiense had sensitivities of 85.3% (95% CI: 68.9\textendash95.0%) and 67.6% (95% CI: 49.5\textendash82.6%). Conclusions: Presence of swollen lymph nodes, important weight loss, severe itching or motor disorders are simple but accurate clinical criteria for HAT referral in HAT endemic areas in Guinea. Diagnostic performances of HAT Sero-K-Set and SD Bioline HAT are sufficient for referring positives to microscopy. Trypanolysis on DBS may discriminate HAT patients from false RDT positives. Trial registration The trial was registered under NCT03356665 in clinicaltrials.gov (November 29, 2017, retrospectively registered https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03356665) Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].},

keywords = {African*, Animals, Clinical Trial, Diagnostic Tests, doi:10.1186/s40249-023-01076-1, Guinea, Humans, Mamadou Camara, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Oumou Camara, PMC10026442, pmid:36941656, Prospective Studies, PubMed Abstract, Routine, Sensitivity and Specificity, Trypanosomiasis, Veerle Lejon},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Incidence rate and predictors of COVID-19 in the two largest cities of Burkina Faso - prospective cohort study in 2021 (ANRS-COV13)},

author = {Nongodo Firmin Kabor\'{e} and Samiratou Ou\'{e}draogo and Ariane Kamga Mamguem and Isidore Tiandiogo Traor\'{e} and Dramane Kania and Hermann Badolo and Guillaume Sanou and Amariane Kon\'{e} and Mimbour\'{e} Yara and Th\'{e}r\`{e}se Kagon\'{e} and Esperance Ou\'{e}draogo and Blahima Konat\'{e} and Rachel M\'{e}dah and Nathalie Rekeneire and Armel Poda and Arnaud Eric Diend\'{e}r\'{e} and Boukary Ou\'{e}draogo and Oumar Billa and Gilles Paradis and Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37308819/},

doi = {10.1186/S12879-023-08361-2},

issn = {1471-2334},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {BMC infectious diseases},

volume = {23},

issue = {1},

publisher = {BMC Infect Dis},

abstract = {Background: Early data on COVID-19 (based primarily on PCR testing) indicated a low burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. To better understand this, this study aimed to estimate the incidence rate and identify predictors of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the two largest cities of Burkina Faso. This study is part of the EmulCOVID-19 project (ANRS-COV13). Methods: Our study utilized the WHO Unity protocol for cohort sero-epidemiological studies of COVID-19 in general population. We conducted random sampling stratified by age group and sex. Individuals aged 10 years and older in the cities of Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso were included and surveyed at 4 time points, each 21 days apart, from March 3 to May 15, 2021. WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA serological tests were used to detect total antibodies (IgM, IgG) in serum. Predictors were investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: We analyzed the data from 1399 participants (1051 in Ouagadougou, 348 in Bobo-Dioulasso) who were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at baseline and had at least one follow-up visit. The incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion was 14.3 cases [95%CI 13.3\textendash15.4] per 100 person-weeks. The incidence rate was almost three times higher in Ouagadougou than in Bobo-Dioulasso (Incidence rate ratio: IRR = 2.7 [2.2\textendash3.2], p \< 0.001). The highest incidence rate was reported among women aged 19\textendash59 years in Ouagadougou (22.8 cases [19.6\textendash26.4] per 100 person-weeks) and the lowest among participants aged 60 years and over in Bobo-Dioulasso, 6.3 cases [4.6\textendash8.6] per 100 person-weeks. Multivariable analysis showed that participants aged 19 years and older were almost twice as likely to seroconvert during the study period compared with those aged 10 to 18 years (Hazard ratio: HR = 1.7 [1.3\textendash2.3], p \< 0.001). Those aged 10\textendash18 years exhibited more asymptomatic forms than those aged 19 years and older, among those who achieved seroconversion (72.9% vs. 40.4%, p \< 0.001). Conclusion: The spread of COVID-19 is more rapid in adults and in large cities. Strategies to control this pandemic in Burkina Faso, must take this into account. Adults living in large cities should be the priority targets for vaccination efforts against COVID-19.},

keywords = {Adult, Aged, Burkina Faso, Cities, COVID-19*, doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08361-2, Female, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Incidence, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Nongodo Firmin Kabor\'{e}, PMC10258776, pmid:37308819, Prospective Studies, PubMed Abstract, Samiratou Ou\'{e}draogo, SARS-Cov-2},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Traore2021-vr,

title = {COVID-19 epidemiological, sociological and anthropological  investigation: study protocol for a multidisciplinary mixed  methods research in Burkina Faso},

author = {Isidore Tiandiogo Traor\'{e} and Samiratou Ouedraogo and Dramane Kania and Firmin Nongodo Kabor\'{e} and Blahima Konat\'{e} and Rachel M\'{e}dah and Hermann Badolo and Nathalie Rekeneire and Ariane Mamguem Kamga and Armel Poda and Arnaud Eric Diendere and Boukary Ou\'{e}draogo and Esperance Ou\'{e}draogo and Oumar Billa and Halidou Tinto and Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli},

doi = {10.1186/s12879-021-06543-4},

issn = {1471-2334},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-03},

urldate = {2021-09-03},

journal = {BMC Infect. Dis.},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

pages = {896},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The world has high hopes of vaccination against 

 COVID-19 to protect the population, boost economies and return to 

 normal life. Vaccination programmes are being rolled out in high 

 income countries, but the pandemic continues to progress in many 

 low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) despite implementation of 

 strict hygiene measures. We aim to present a comprehensive 

 research protocol that will generate epidemiological, 

 sociological and anthropological data about the COVID-19 epidemic 

 in Burkina Faso, a landlocked country in West Africa with scarce 

 resources. METHODS: We will perform a multidisciplinary research 

 using mixed methods in the two main cities in Burkina Faso 

 (Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso). Data will be collected in the 

 general population and in COVID-19 patients, caregivers and 

 health care professionals in reference care centers: (i) to 

 determine cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the 

 Burkinabe population using blood samples collected from randomly 

 selected households according to the WHO-recommended protocol; 

 (ii) develop a score to predict severe complications of COVID-19 

 in persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 using retrospective and 

 prospective data; (iii) perform semi-structured interviews and 

 direct observation on site, to describe and analyze the 

 healthcare pathways and experiences of patients with COVID-19 

 attending reference care centers, and to identify the 

 perceptions, acceptability and application of preventive 

 strategies among the population. DISCUSSION: This study will 

 generate comprehensive data that will contribute to improving 

 COVID-19 response strategies in Burkina Faso. The lessons learned 

 from the management of this epidemic may serve as examples to the 

 country authorities to better design preventive strategies in the 

 case of future epidemics or pandemics. The protocol was approved 

 by the Ministry for Health (N° 2020-00952/MS/CAB/INSP/CM) and the 

 Health Research Ethics Committee in Burkina Faso (N° 2020-8-140).},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34479501 

PMCID: PMC8414025},

keywords = {Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Clinical epidemiology, COVID-19, Humans, Predictive score, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, SARS-Cov-2, Sero-epidemiology, Socio-anthropology},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jaspard2021-bl,

title = {Clinical presentation, outcomes and factors associated with  mortality: A prospective study from three COVID-19 referral  care centres in West Africa},

author = {Marie Jaspard and Mamadou Saliou Sow and Sylvain Juchet and Eric Diender\'{e} and Beatrice Serra and Richard Kojan and Billy Sivahera and Caroline Martin and Moumouni Kinda and Hans-Joerg Lang and Fod\'{e} Bangaly Sako and Fod\'{e} Amara Traor\'{e} and Eudoxie Koumbem and Halidou Tinto and Adama Sanou and Apoline Sondo and Flavien Kabor\'{e} and Joseph Donamou and Jean-Paul-Yassa Guilavogui and Fanny Velardo and Brice Bicaba and Olivier Marcy and Augustin Augier and Sani Sayadi and Armel Poda and Sakoba Keita and Xavier Anglaret and Denis Malvy and COVISTA group},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.024},

issn = {1878-3511 1201-9712},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-01},

urldate = {2021-07-01},

journal = {Int. J. Infect. Dis.},

volume = {108},

pages = {45--52},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The overall death toll from COVID-19 in Africa is 

 reported to be low but there is little individual-level evidence 

 on the severity of the disease. This study examined the clinical 

 spectrum and outcome of patients monitored in COVID-19 care 

 centres (CCCs) in two West-African countries. METHODS: Burkina 

 Faso and Guinea set up referral CCCs to hospitalise all 

 symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, regardless of the severity of 

 their symptoms. Data collected from hospitalised patients by 

 November 2020 are presented. RESULT: A total of 1,805 patients 

 (64% men, median age 41 years) were admitted with COVID-19. 

 Symptoms lasted for a median of 7 days (IQR 4-11). During 

 hospitalisation, 443 (25%) had a SpO2 \< 94% at least once, 237 

 (13%) received oxygen and 266 (15%) took corticosteroids. 

 Mortality was 5% overall, and 1%, 5% and 14% in patients 

 aged \<40, 40-59 and $geq$60 years, respectively. In 

 multivariable analysis, the risk of death was higher in men (aOR 

 2.0, 95% CI 1.1; 3.6), people aged $geq$60 years (aOR 2.9, 

 95% CI 1.7; 4.8) and those with chronic hypertension (aOR 2.1, 

 95% CI 1.2; 3.4). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is as severe in Africa 

 as elsewhere, and there must be more vigilance for common risk 

 factors such as older age and hypertension.},

note = {Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

PMID: 34000419 

PMCID: PMC8120805},

keywords = {Adult, Aged, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Comorbidities, COVID-19, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Mortality, Prospective Studies, Referral and Consultation, SARS-Cov-2, sub-Saharan Africa},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Post2021-zl,

title = {Infection Manager System (IMS) as a new hemocytometry-based  bacteremia detection tool: A diagnostic accuracy study in a  malaria-endemic area of Burkina Faso},

author = {Annelies Post and Berenger Kabor\'{e} and Joel Bognini and Salou Diallo and Palpouguini Lompo and Basile Kam and Natacha Herssens and Fred Opzeeland and Christa E Gaast-de Jongh and Jeroen D Langereis and Marien I Jonge and Janette Rahamat-Langendoen and Teun Bousema and Heiman Wertheim and Robert W Sauerwein and Halidou Tinto and Jan Jacobs and Quirijn Mast and Andre J Ven},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0009187},

issn = {1935-2735 1935-2727},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-01},

urldate = {2021-03-01},

journal = {PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.},

volume = {15},

number = {3},

pages = {e0009187},

publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: New hemocytometric parameters can be used to 

 differentiate causes of acute febrile illness (AFI). We 

 evaluated a software algorithm-Infection Manager System 

 (IMS)-which uses hemocytometric data generated by Sysmex 

 hematology analyzers, for its accuracy to detect bacteremia in 

 AFI patients with and without malaria in Burkina Faso. Secondary 

 aims included comparing the accuracy of IMS with C-reactive 

 protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). METHODS: In a prospective 

 observational study, patients of $geq$ three-month-old (range 3 

 months- 90 years) presenting with AFI were enrolled. IMS, blood 

 culture and malaria diagnostics were done upon inclusion and 

 additional diagnostics on clinical indication. CRP, PCT, viral 

 multiplex PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs and bacterial- and malaria 

 PCR were batch-tested retrospectively. Diagnostic classification 

 was done retrospectively using all available data except IMS, 

 CRP and PCT results. FINDINGS: A diagnosis was affirmed in 549/914 (60.1%) patients and included malaria (n = 191) bacteremia (n = 69), viral infections (n = 145), and malaria-bacteremia co-infections (n = 47). The overall 

 sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 

 IMS for detection of bacteremia in patients of $geq$ 5 years 

 were 97.0% (95% CI: 89.8-99.6), 68.2% (95% CI: 55.6-79.1) 

 and 95.7% (95% CI: 85.5-99.5) respectively, compared to 93.9% 

 (95% CI: 85.2-98.3), 39.4% (95% CI: 27.6-52.2), and 86.7% 

 (95% CI: 69.3-96.2) for CRP at $geq$20mg/L. The sensitivity, 

 specificity and NPV of PCT at 0.5 ng/ml were lower at 

 respectively 72.7% (95% CI: 60.4-83.0), 50.0% (95% CI: 

 37.4-62.6) and 64.7% (95% CI: 50.1-77.6) The diagnostic 

 accuracy of IMS was lower among malaria cases and patients \<5 

 years but remained equal to- or higher than the accuracy of CRP. 

 INTERPRETATION: IMS is a new diagnostic tool to differentiate 

 causes of AFI. Its high NPV for bacteremia has the potential to 

 improve antibiotic dispensing practices in healthcare facilities 

 with hematology analyzers. Future studies are needed to evaluate 

 whether IMS, combined with malaria diagnostics, may be used to 

 rationalize antimicrobial prescription in malaria endemic areas. 

 TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02669823) 

 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02669823.},

note = {PMID: 33647009 

PMCID: PMC7951874},

keywords = {Adolescent, Automation, Bacteremia/diagnosis, Burkina Faso, C-Reactive Protein/analysis, Child, Coinfection/diagnosis/microbiology/parasitology, Female, Fever of Unknown Origin/diagnosis, Humans, Infant, Laboratory/methods, Malaria/diagnosis, Male, Preschool, Procalcitonin/analysis, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Software, Virus Diseases/diagnosis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}