@article{Bassinga2024,

title = {Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria at the communal level in Burkina Faso: an application of the small area estimation approach},

author = {Herv\'{e} Bassinga and Mady Ouedraogo and Kadari Cisse and Parfait Yira and Sibiri Cl\'{e}ment Ouedraogo and Abdou Nombr\'{e} and Wofom Lydie Marie Bernard Bance and Mathias Kuepie and Toussaint Rouamba},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39155384/},

doi = {10.1186/S12963-024-00341-1},

issn = {1478-7954},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Population health metrics},

volume = {22},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Popul Health Metr},

abstract = {Background: In malaria-endemic countries, asymptomatic carriers of plasmodium represent an important reservoir for malaria transmission. Estimating the burden at a fine scale and identifying areas at high risk of asymptomatic carriage are important to guide malaria control strategies. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage at the communal level in Burkina Faso, the smallest geographical entity from which a local development policy can be driven. Methods: The data used in this study came from several open sources: the 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey on Malaria and the 2019 general census of the population data and environmental. The analysis involved a total of 5489 children under 5 from the malaria survey and 293,715 children under 5 from the census. The Elbers Langjouw and Langjouw (ELL) approach is used to estimate the prevalence. This approach consists of including data from several sources (mainly census and survey data) in a statistical model to obtain predictive indicators at a sub-geographical level, which are not measured in the population census. The method achieves this by finding correlations between common census variables and survey data. Findings: The findings suggest that the spatial distribution of the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage is very heterogeneous across the communes. It varies from a minimum of 5.1% (95% CI 3.6\textendash6.5) in the commune of Bobo-Dioulasso to a maximum of 41.4% (95% CI 33.5\textendash49.4) in the commune of Djigou\'{e}. Of the 341 communes, 208 (61%) had prevalences above the national average of 20.3% (95% CI 18.8\textendash21.2). Contributions: This analysis provided commune-level estimates of the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of plasmodium in Burkina Faso. The results of this analysis should help to improve planning of malaria control at the communal level in Burkina Faso.},

keywords = {Asymptomatic Infections / epidemiology, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Carrier State / epidemiology, Child, doi:10.1186/s12963-024-00341-1, Female, Herv\'{e} Bassinga, Humans, Infant, Mady Ouedraogo, Malaria* / epidemiology, Male, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11330607, pmid:39155384, Preschool, Prevalence, PubMed Abstract, Small-Area Analysis, Toussaint Rouamba},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ouoba2024,

title = {A new tool for assessing hepatitis B treatment eligibility in Africa},

author = {Serge Ouoba and Moussa Lingani},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38367630/},

doi = {10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00006-2},

issn = {2468-1253},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {The lancet. Gastroenterology \& hepatology},

volume = {9},

issue = {4},

pages = {277-278},

publisher = {Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol},

abstract = {Commercially available assays for measuring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-spike (S) or anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies differ in units, making results comparisons challenging. This study aimed to develop conversion equations between five quantitative anti-S antibody tests and to assess the agreement over time between three qualitative anti-N antibody tests. Blood samples from 24 216 vaccinated healthcare workers in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, were analyzed for anti-S antibodies using five quantitative tests (Abbott, Fujirebio, Ortho, Sysmex, Roche) and for anti-N antibodies using three qualitative tests (Abbott, Sysmex, Roche). Geometric mean regression was performed to establish equations for converting measured values between the five quantitative tests. Fleiss κ statistic was used to assess the agreement between the three qualitative tests. A strong correlation (Pearson's coefficient r \> 0.9) was found for each pair of the five quantitative tests measuring anti-S antibodies, enabling the development of equations to convert values between each pair. Using these equations, which are based on the original output unit of each test, values obtained from one test can be transformed to be equivalent to the corresponding values in another test. For the three tests for anti-N antibodies, the agreement was substantial in the total sample (Fleiss' κ, 0.74) and moderate among those with self-reported past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection (Fleiss' κ, 0.39). The agreement decreased with time after infection. Reduced agreement between anti-N antibodies tests over time suggests caution in comparing seroepidemiological studies of COVID-19 exposure based on anti-N antibodies measurement. The findings could help improve antibody measurement systems and inform public health decision-makers.},

keywords = {Africa / epidemiology, Chronic* / diagnosis, Chronic* / drug therapy, Chronic* / epidemiology, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B* / diagnosis, Hepatitis B* / drug therapy, Hepatitis B* / epidemiology, Humans, MEDLINE, Moussa Lingani, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, pmid:38367630, PubMed Abstract, Serge Ouoba},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Tahita2024,

title = {Post-discharge malaria chemoprevention in children with severe anaemia: a robust strategy to save lives},

author = {Marc Christian Tahita and Quique Bassat},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38097287/},

doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00524-7},

issn = {2214-109X},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {The Lancet. Global health},

volume = {12},

issue = {1},

pages = {e2-e3},

publisher = {Lancet Glob Health},

keywords = {Aftercare, Anemia* / epidemiology, Anemia* / prevention \& control, Antimalarials* / therapeutic use, Chemoprevention, Child, Humans, Infant, Malaria* / drug therapy, Malaria* / prevention \& control, Marc Christian Tahita, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Patient Discharge, pmid:38097287, PubMed Abstract, Quique Bassat},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Chemoprevention of malaria with long-acting oral and injectable drugs: an updated target product profile},

author = {Myriam El Gaaloul and Andre Marie Tchouatieu and Kassoum Kayentao and Brice Campo and Benedicte Buffet and Hanu Ramachandruni and Jean Louis Ndiaye and Timothy N. C. Wells and Celine Audibert and Jane Achan and Cristina Donini and Hellen C. Barsosio and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39425110/},

doi = {10.1186/S12936-024-05128-1},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Malaria journal},

volume = {23},

issue = {1},

pages = {315},

publisher = {Malar J},

abstract = {\<p\>Malaria is preventable, but the burden of disease remains high with over 249 million cases and 608,000 deaths reported in 2022. Historically, the most important protective interventions have been vector control and chemopreventive medicines with over 50 million children receiving seasonal malaria chemoprevention in the year 2023. Two vaccines are approved and starting to be deployed, bringing additional protection for children up to 36 months. However, the impact of these currently available tools is somewhat limited on various fronts. Vaccines exhibit partial efficacy, are relatively costly, and not accessible in all settings. The challenges encountered with chemoprevention are barriers to acceptability and feasibility, including frequency of dosing, and the lack of options in the first trimester of pregnancy and for women living with HIV. Also, the emergence of resistance against chemopreventive medicines is concerning. To address these limitations, a target product profile (TPP) is proposed as a road map to guide innovation and to boost the quest for novel chemopreventive alternatives. This TPP describes the ideal product attributes, while acknowledging potential trade-offs that may be needed. Critically, it considers the target populations most at risk; primarily infants, children, and pregnant women. Malaria control and elimination requires appropriate chemoprevention, not only in areas of high endemicity and transmission, but also in lower transmission areas where immunity is declining, as well as for travellers from areas where malaria has been eliminated. New medicines should show acceptable safety and tolerability, with high and long protective efficacy. Formulations and costs need to support operational adherence, access, and effectiveness. Next generation long-acting oral and injectable drugs are likely to constitute the backbone of malaria prevention. Therefore, the perspectives of front-line experts in malaria prevention, researchers, and those involved in drug development are captured in the TPP. This inclusive approach aims at concentrating efforts and aligning responses across the community to develop new and transformative medicines.\</p\>},

keywords = {Administration, Andre Marie Tchouatieu, Antimalarials* / administration \& dosage, Antimalarials* / therapeutic use, Chemoprevention* / methods, doi:10.1186/s12936-024-05128-1, Female, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Injections, Malaria* / prevention \& control, MEDLINE, Myriam El Gaaloul, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Oral, PMC11490162, pmid:39425110, Pregnancy, PubMed Abstract, Review},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Valia2024,

title = {Antibiotic use by clinical presentation across all healthcare providers in rural Burkina Faso: a healthcare visit exit survey},

author = {Daniel Valia and Brecht Ingelbeen and Gu\'{e}tawend\'{e} Job Wilfried Nassa and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Fran\c{c}ois Kiemd\'{e} and Toussaint Rouamba and Ad\'{e}la\"{i}de Compaor\'{e} and Juste St\'{e}phane Kouanda and Annie Robert and Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos and Marianne A B Van Der Sande and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39051704/},

doi = {10.1093/JAC/DKAE252},

issn = {1460-2091},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy},

volume = {79},

issue = {10},

publisher = {J Antimicrob Chemother},

abstract = {DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae252; Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 00, 0, 2024-07-25.; Abstract: Background: To guide antibiotic stewardship interventions, understanding for what indications antibiotics are used is essential. Methods: In rural Burkina Faso, we measured antibiotic dispensing across all healthcare providers. From October 2021 to February 2022, we surveyed patients in Nanoro district, Burkina Faso, following visits to health centres (3), pharmacies (2), informal medicine vendors (5) and inpatients in health centres. We estimated prevalence of antibiotic use and the proportion of Watch group antibiotics by provider type and by clinical presentation, assessing compliance with WHO’s AWaRe Antibiotic Book. We estimated per capita antibiotic use by multiplying prevalence of antibiotic use, mean DDD per adult treatment course, and the rate of healthcare visits per 1000 inhabitants per day, estimated from a prior household survey. Results: Outpatient antibiotic use was more fre},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use, Antimicrobial Stewardship* / statistics \& numerical data, Brecht Ingelbeen, Burkina Faso, Daniel Valia, doi:10.1093/jac/dkae252, Drug Utilization / statistics \& numerical data, Female, Halidou Tinto, Health Personnel* / statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Male, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11441991, pmid:39051704, PubMed Abstract, Rural Population* / statistics \& numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Malaria diagnosis challenges and pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions using pregnant women as sentinel population in Nanoro region, Burkina Faso},

author = {Irene Molina\textendashde Fuente and Marc Christian Tahita and Kabore B\'{e}renger and Thuy Huong Ta Tang and Luz Garc\'{i}a and Vicenta Gonz\'{a}lez and Agust\'{i}n Benito and Judith M. H\"{u}bschen and Halidou Tinto and Pedro Berzosa},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39140699/},

doi = {10.1080/20477724.2024.2388489},

issn = {2047-7732},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Pathogens and global health},

volume = {118},

issue = {6},

publisher = {Pathog Glob Health},

abstract = {Malaria in pregnancy causes adverse consequences and prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential for case management. In malaria endemic countries, diagnosis is mainly based on rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and microscopy. However, increasing reports of false negatives caused by low parasitemia and pfhrp2/3 deletions raise concerns about HRP2-based RDT usefulness. This study aimed to assess RDT and microscopy performance and to describe pfhrp2/3 deletions in a cohort of 418 pregnant women in Burkina Faso. Malaria was diagnosed using RDT and microscopy and blood samples were collected during antenatal care visits. Diagnostic results were compared to PCR as gold standard. Pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions were characterized for patients with confirmed P. falciparum infection. RDT had better sensitivity (76%) but lower specificity (83%) than microscopy (sensitivity = 57%; specificity = 98%). Low parasitemia (\<150 parasites/µL), especially in multigravidae, was the principal factor causing false negatives by both methods. Moreover, pfhrp2 deletion frequency among overall false negatives by RDT was 21.43%. Higher frequency of deletions was found among all samples, independently of RDT result, for example around 2% of samples had double deletions meaning that the majority of deletions had no effect on RDT testing. Finally, it was found higher pfhrp2 deletion in women with lower uterine height during the first trimester. Wider and National surveillance study of deletions is recommended among pregnant women and in Burkina Faso.},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Antigens, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Diagnostic Tests, doi:10.1080/20477724.2024.2388489, Falciparum* / diagnosis, Falciparum* / epidemiology, Falciparum* / parasitology, Female, Gene Deletion*, Humans, Irene Molina-de la Fuente, Malaria, Marc Christian Tahita, MEDLINE, Microscopy, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Parasitic / diagnosis, Parasitic / epidemiology, Pedro Berzosa, Plasmodium falciparum* / genetics, Plasmodium falciparum* / isolation \& purification, PMC11441055, pmid:39140699, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Protozoan Proteins* / genetics, Protozoan* / genetics, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Routine* / methods, Sensitivity and Specificity*, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Phyo2024,

title = {Intermediate hepatitis C virus (HCV) endemicity and its genotype distribution in Myanmar: A systematic review and meta-analysis},

author = {Zayar Phyo and Ko Ko and Serge Ouoba and Aya Sugiyama and Ulugbek Khudayberdievich Mirzaev and Golda Ataa Akuffo and Chanroth Chhoung and Tomoyuki Akita and Junko Tanaka},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39298388/},

doi = {10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0307872},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {PloS one},

volume = {19},

issue = {9},

publisher = {PLoS One},

abstract = {Background Comprehensive details on Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Myanmar are lacking. This study determined the prevalence of HCV antibodies and ribonucleic acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes across different populations in Myanmar from 1990 to 2023. Material and methods A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and local journals identified studies reporting on HCV antibodies, RNA, and genotypes, excluding clinical research related to liver disease prognosis. Screening and data extraction was done by two authors and study populations were categorized into low-risk, high-risk, liver disease patients, and refugees outside the country. The pooled prevalence was performed by Dersimonian and Laird method using the R program. The publication bias was shown by funnel plot, the Egger test was used to assess the symmetry of the plot, and the heterogeneity was examined by the Cochran Q test and I2 index. Results Out of 135 reports screened for eligibility, 35 reports comprising 51 studies were included in which 33 studies provided data on HCV seroprevalence in 685,403 individuals, 8 studies reported HCV RNA prevalence in 25,018 individuals, and 10 studies examined HCV genotypes in 1,845 individuals. The pooled seroprevalence of HCV among low-risk, high-risk, liver disease patients and refugees were 2.18%, 37.07%, 33.84%, and 2.52% respectively. HCV RNA-positive rates in these groups were 1.40%, 5.25%, 24.96%, and 0.84% respectively. Seroprevalence studies showed publication bias (Egger test},

keywords = {doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0307872, Endemic Diseases, Genotype*, Hepacivirus* / genetics, Hepacivirus* / isolation \& purification, Hepatitis C* / epidemiology, Hepatitis C* / virology, Humans, Junko Tanaka, Ko Ko, MEDLINE, Meta-Analysis, Myanmar / epidemiology, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11412534, pmid:39298388, Prevalence, PubMed Abstract, RNA, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Systematic review, Viral / genetics, Zayar Phyo},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kiemde2024,

title = {Impact of a package of point-of-care diagnostic tests, a clinical diagnostic algorithm and adherence training on antibiotic prescriptions for the management of non-severe acute febrile illness in primary health facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso},

author = {Francois Kiemde and Juvenal Nkeramahame and Ana Belen Ibarz and Sabine Dittrich and Piero Olliaro and Daniel Valia and Toussaint Rouamba and Berenger Kabore and Alima Nadine Kone and Seydou Sawadogo and Antonia Windkouni Bere and Diane Yirgnur Some and Athanase Mwinessobaonfou Some and Adelaide Compaore and Philip Horgan and Stephan Weber and Thomas Keller and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39192209/},

doi = {10.1186/S12879-024-09787-Y},

issn = {1471-2334},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {BMC infectious diseases},

volume = {24},

issue = {1},

publisher = {BMC Infect Dis},

abstract = {Objective: To assess the impact of an intervention package on the prescription of antibiotic and subsequently the rate of clinical recovery for non-severe acute febrile illnesses at primary health centers. Methods: Patients over 6 months of age presenting to primary health care centres with fever or history of fever within the past 7 days were randomized to receive either the intervention package constituted of point-of-care tests including COVID-19 antigen tests, a diagnostic algorithm and training and communication packages, or the standard practice. The primary outcomes were antibiotic prescriptions at Day 0 (D0) and the clinical recovery at Day 7 (D7). Secondary outcomes were non-adherence of participants and parents/caregivers to prescriptions, health workers’ non-adherence to the algorithm, and the safety of the intervention. Results: A total of 1098 patients were enrolled. 551 (50.2%) were randomized to receive the intervention versus 547 (49.8%) received standard care. 1054 (96.0%) completed follow-up and all of them recovered at D7 in both arms. The proportion of patients with antibiotic prescriptions at D0 were 33.2% (183/551) in the intervention arm versus 58.1% (318/547) under standard care, risk difference (RD) -24.9 (95% CI -30.6 to -19.2, p \< 0.001), corresponding to one more antibiotic saved every four (95% CI: 3 to 5) consultations. This reduction was also statistically significant in children from 6 to 59 months (RD -34.5; 95% CI -41.7 to -27.3; p \< 0.001), patients over 18 years (RD -35.9; 95%CI -58.5 to -13.4; p = 0.002), patients with negative malaria test (RD -46.9; 95% CI -53.9 to -39.8; p \< 0.001), those with a respiratory diagnosis (RD -48.9; 95% CI -56.9 to -41.0, p \< 0.001) and those not vaccinated against COVID-19 (-24.8% 95%CI -30.7 to -18.9, p-value: \<0.001). A significant reduction in non-adherence to prescription by patients was reported (RD -7.1; 95% CI -10.9 to -3.3; p \< 0.001). Conclusion: The intervention was associated with significant reductions of antibiotic prescriptions and non-adherence, chiefly among patients with non-malaria fever, those with respiratory symptoms and children below 5 years of age. The addition of COVID-19 testing did not have a major impact on antibiotic use at primary health centers. Trial registration: Clinitrial.gov; NCT04081051 registered on 06/09/2019.},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms*, Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use, Burkina Faso, Child, COVID-19* / diagnosis, doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09787-y, Female, Fever* / drug therapy, Francois Kiemde, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Infant, Juvenal Nkeramahame, Male, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11351252, pmid:39192209, Point-of-Care Systems, Point-of-Care Testing, Preschool, Primary Health Care*, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, SARS-Cov-2},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Soumah2024,

title = {Prevalence of dermal trypanosomes in suspected and confirmed cases of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in Guinea},

author = {Alseny M’Mah Soumah and Mariame Camara and Justin Windingoudi Kabor\'{e} and Ibrahim Sadissou and Hamidou Ilboudo and Christelle Travaill\'{e} and Oumou Camara and Magali Tichit and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Salimatou Boiro and Aline Crouzols and Jean Marc Tsagmo Ngoune and David Hardy and A\"{i}ssata Camara and Vincent Jamonneau and Annette Macleod and Jean Mathieu Bart and Mamadou Camara and Bruno Bucheton and Brice Rotureau},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39159265/},

doi = {10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0012436},

issn = {1935-2735},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},

volume = {18},

issue = {8},

publisher = {PLoS Negl Trop Dis},

abstract = {The skin is an anatomical reservoir for African trypanosomes, yet the prevalence of extravascular parasite carriage in the population at risk of gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis (gHAT) remains unclear. Here, we conducted a prospective observational cohort study in the HAT foci of Forecariah and Boffa, Republic of Guinea. Of the 18,916 subjects serologically screened for gHAT, 96 were enrolled into our study. At enrolment and follow-up visits, participants underwent a dermatological examination and had blood samples and superficial skin snip biopsies taken for examination by molecular and immuno-histological methods. In seropositive individuals, dermatological symptoms were significantly more frequent as compared to seronegative controls. Trypanosoma brucei DNA was detected in the blood of 67% of confirmed cases (22/33) and 9% of unconfirmed seropositive individuals (3/32). However, parasites were detected in the extravascular dermis of up to 71% of confirmed cases (25/35) and 41% of unconfirmed seropositive individuals (13/32) by PCR and/or immuno-histochemistry. Six to twelve months after treatment, trypanosome detection in the skin dropped to 17% of confirmed cases (5/30), whereas up to 25% of unconfirmed, hence untreated, seropositive individuals (4/16) were still found positive. Dermal trypanosomes were observed in subjects from both transmission foci, however, the occurrence of pruritus and the PCR positivity rates were significantly higher in unconfirmed seropositive individuals in Forecariah. The lower sensitivity of superficial skin snip biopsies appeared critical for detecting trypanosomes in the basal dermis. These results are discussed in the context of the planned elimination of gHAT.},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, African* / diagnosis, African* / epidemiology, African* / parasitology, Alseny M'mah Soumah, Brice Rotureau, Child, DNA, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012436, Female, Guinea / epidemiology, Humans, Male, Mariame Camara, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Observational Study, PMC11361743, pmid:39159265, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Protozoan / genetics, PubMed Abstract, Skin* / parasitology, Skin* / pathology, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense* / isolation \& purification, Trypanosomiasis, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Koita2024,

title = {Increasing the uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) through seasonal malaria chemoprevention channel delivery: protocol of a multicenter cluster randomized implementation trial in Mali and Burkina Faso},

author = {Kadiatou Koita and Joel D. Bognini and Efundem Agboraw and Mahamadou Demb\'{e}l\'{e} and Seydou Yabr\'{e} and Bi\'{e}bo Bihoun and Oumou Coulibaly and Hamidou Niangaly and Jean Batiste N’Takp\'{e} and Maia Lesosky and Dario Scaramuzzi and Eve Worrall and Jenny Hill and Val\'{e}rie Briand and Halidou Tinto and Kassoum Kayentao},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38166711/},

doi = {10.1186/S12889-023-17529-Z},

issn = {1471-2458},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {BMC public health},

volume = {24},

issue = {1},

publisher = {BMC Public Health},

abstract = {Background: The uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) remains unacceptably low, with more than two-thirds of pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa still not accessing the three or more doses recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). In contrast, the coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC), a more recent strategy recommended by the WHO for malaria prevention in children under five years living in Sahelian countries with seasonal transmission, including Mali and Burkina-Faso, is high (up to 90%). We hypothesized that IPTp-SP delivery to pregnant women through SMC alongside antenatal care (ANC) will increase IPTp-SP coverage, boost ANC attendance, and increase public health impact. This protocol describes the approach to assess acceptability, feasibility, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of the integrated strategy. Methods and analysis: This is a multicentre, cluster-randomized, implementation trial of IPTp-SP delivery through ANC + SMC vs ANC alone in 40 health facilities and their catchment populations (20 clusters per arm). The intervention will consist of monthly administration of IPTp-SP through four monthly rounds of SMC during the malaria transmission season (July to October), for two consecutive years. Effectiveness of the strategy to increase coverage of three or more doses of IPTp-SP (IPTp3 +) will be assessed using household surveys and ANC exit interviews. Statistical analysis of IPT3 + and four or more ANC uptake will use a generalized linear mixed model. Feasibility and acceptability will be assessed through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with health workers, pregnant women, and women with a child \< 12 months. Discussion: This multicentre cluster randomized implementation trial powered to detect a 45% and 22% increase in IPTp-SP3 + uptake in Mali and Burkina-Faso, respectively, will generate evidence on the feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of IPTp-SP delivered through the ANC + SMC channel. The intervention is designed to facilitate scalability and translation into policy by leveraging existing resources, while strengthening local capacities in research, health, and community institutions. Findings will inform the local national malaria control policies. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered on August 11th, 2022; registration # PACTR202208844472053. Protocol v4.0 dated September 04, 2023. Trail sponsor: University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Mali.},

keywords = {Antimalarials* / therapeutic use, Burkina Faso, Chemoprevention, Child, Clinical Trial Protocol, doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17529-z, Drug Combinations, Female, Humans, Joel D Bognini, Kadiatou Koita, Kassoum Kayentao, Malaria* / drug therapy, Malaria* / prevention \& control, Mali, MEDLINE, Multicenter Studies as Topic, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Parasitic* / prevention \& control, PMC10763117, pmid:38166711, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Pyrimethamine / therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research Support, Seasons, Sulfadoxine / therapeutic use},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Datoo2024,

title = {Safety and efficacy of malaria vaccine candidate R21/Matrix-M in African children: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial},

author = {Mehreen S. Datoo and Alassane Dicko and Halidou Tinto and Jean Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo and Mainga Hamaluba and Ally Olotu and Emma Beaumont and Fernando Ramos Lopez and Hamtandi Magloire Natama and Sophie Weston and Mwajuma Chemba and Yves Daniel Compaore and Djibrilla Issiaka and Diallo Salou and Athanase M. Some and Sharon Omenda and Alison Lawrie and Philip Bejon and Harish Rao and Daniel Chandramohan and Rachel Roberts and Sandesh Bharati and Lisa Stockdale and Sunil Gairola and Brian M. Greenwood and Katie J. Ewer and John Bradley and Prasad S. Kulkarni and Umesh Shaligram and Adrian V. S. Hill and Almahamoudou Mahamar and Koualy Sanogo and Youssoufa Sidibe and Kalifa Diarra and Mamoudou Samassekou and Oumar Attaher and Amadou Tapily and Makonon Diallo and Oumar Mohamed Dicko and Mahamadou Kaya and Seydina Oumar Maguiraga and Yaya Sankare and Hama Yalcouye and Soumaila Diarra and Sidi Mohamed Niambele and Ismaila Thera and Issaka Sagara and Mala Sylla and Amagana Dolo and Nsajigwa Misidai and Sylvester Simando and Hania Msami and Omary Juma and Nicolaus Gutapaka and Rose Paul and Sarah Mswata and Ibrahim Sasamalo and Kasmir Johaness and Mwantumu Sultan and Annastazia Alexander and Isaac Kimaro and Kauye Lwanga and Mwajuma Mtungwe and Kassim Khamis and Lighton Rugarabam and Wilmina Kalinga and Mohammed Mohammed and Janeth Kamange and Jubilate Msangi and Batuli Mwaijande and Ivanny Mtaka and Matilda Mhapa and Tarsis Mlaganile and Thabit Mbaga and Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga and Wendkouni Samtouma and Abdoul Aziz Sienou and Zachari Kabre and Wendinpui Jedida Muriel Ouedraogo and G. Armel Bienvenu Yarbanga and Issaka Zongo and Hamade Savadogo and Joseph Sanon and Judicael Compaore and Idrissa Kere and Ferdinand Lionel Yoni and Tewende Martine Sanre and Seydou Bienvenu Ouattara and Samuel Provstgaard-Morys and Danielle Woods and Robert W. Snow and Nyaguara Amek and Caroline J. Ngetsa and Lynette Isabella Ochola-Oyier and Jennifer Musyoki and Marianne Munene and Noni Mumba and Uche Jane Adetifa and Charles Mwangi Muiruri and Jimmy Shangala Mwawaka and Mwatasa Hussein Mwaganyuma and Martha Njeri Ndichu and Joseph Ochieng Weya and Kelvin Njogu and Jane Grant and Jayne Webster and Anand Lakhkar and N. F\'{e}lix Andr\'{e} Ido and Ousmane Traore and Marc Christian Tahita and Massa Achille Bonko and Toussaint Rouamba and D. Florence Ouedraogo and Rachidatou Soma and Aida Millogo and Edouard Ouedraogo and Faizatou Sorgho and Fab\'{e} Konate and Innocent Valea},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38310910/},

doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02511-4},

issn = {1474-547X},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Lancet (London, England)},

volume = {403},

issue = {10426},

pages = {533-544},

publisher = {Lancet},

abstract = {Background: Recently, we found that a new malaria vaccine, R21/Matrix-M, had over 75% efficacy against clinical malaria with seasonal administration in a phase 2b trial in Burkina Faso. Here, we report on safety and efficacy of the vaccine in a phase 3 trial enrolling over 4800 children across four countries followed for up to 18 months at seasonal sites and 12 months at standard sites. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine across five sites in four African countries with differing malaria transmission intensities and seasonality. Children (aged 5\textendash36 months) were enrolled and randomly assigned (2:1) to receive 5 μg R21 plus 50 μg Matrix-M or a control vaccine (licensed rabies vaccine [Abhayrab]). Participants, their families, investigators, laboratory teams, and the local study team were masked to treatment. Vaccines were administered as three doses, 4 weeks apart, with a booster administered 12 months after the third dose. Half of the children were recruited at two sites with seasonal malaria transmission and the remainder at standard sites with perennial malaria transmission using age-based immunisation. The primary objective was protective efficacy of R21/Matrix-M from 14 days after third vaccination to 12 months after completion of the primary series at seasonal and standard sites separately as co-primary endpoints. Vaccine efficacy against multiple malaria episodes and severe malaria, as well as safety and immunogenicity, were also assessed. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04704830, and is ongoing. Findings: From April 26, 2021, to Jan 12, 2022, 5477 children consented to be screened, of whom 1705 were randomly assigned to control vaccine and 3434 to R21/Matrix-M; 4878 participants received the first dose of vaccine. 3103 participants in the R21/Matrix-M group and 1541 participants in the control group were included in the modified per-protocol analysis (2412 [51·9%] male and 2232 [48·1%] female). R21/Matrix-M vaccine was well tolerated, with injection site pain (301 [18·6%] of 1615 participants) and fever (754 [46·7%] of 1615 participants) as the most frequent adverse events. Number of adverse events of special interest and serious adverse events did not significantly differ between the vaccine groups. There were no treatment-related deaths. 12-month vaccine efficacy was 75% (95% CI 71\textendash79; p\<0·0001) at the seasonal sites and 68% (61\textendash74; p\<0·0001) at the standard sites for time to first clinical malaria episode. Similarly, vaccine efficacy against multiple clinical malaria episodes was 75% (71\textendash78; p\<0·0001) at the seasonal sites and 67% (59\textendash73; p\<0·0001) at standard sites. A modest reduction in vaccine efficacy was observed over the first 12 months of follow-up, of similar size at seasonal and standard sites. A rate reduction of 868 (95% CI 762\textendash974) cases per 1000 children-years at seasonal sites and 296 (231\textendash362) at standard sites occurred over 12 months. Vaccine-induced antibodies against the conserved central Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro (NANP) repeat sequence of circumsporozoite protein correlated with vaccine efficacy. Higher NANP-specific antibody titres were observed in the 5\textendash17 month age group compared with 18\textendash36 month age group, and the younger age group had the highest 12-month vaccine efficacy on time to first clinical malaria episode at seasonal (79% [95% CI 73\textendash84]; p\<0·001) and standard (75% [65\textendash83]; p\<0·001) sites. Interpretation: R21/Matrix-M was well tolerated and offered high efficacy against clinical malaria in African children. This low-cost, high-efficacy vaccine is already licensed by several African countries, and recently received a WHO policy recommendation and prequalification, offering large-scale supply to help reduce the great burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Funding: The Serum Institute of India, the Wellcome Trust, the UK National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, and Open Philanthropy.},

keywords = {{Alassane Dicko, Antibodies, Burkina Faso, Child, Clinical Trial, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Immunization, Infant, Malaria Vaccines* / adverse effects, Malaria* / drug therapy, Male, MEDLINE, Mehreen S Datoo, Multicenter Study, Nanoparticles*, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Phase III, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, Research Support, Saponins*},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Twesigomwe2024,

title = {Characterization of CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 Pharmacogenetic Variation in Sub-Saharan African Populations},

author = {David Twesigomwe and Britt I. Dr\"{o}gem\"{o}ller and Galen E. B. Wright and Clement Adebamowo and Godfred Agongo and Palwend\'{e} R. Boua and Mogomotsi Matshaba and Maria Paximadis and Mich\`{e}le Ramsay and Gustave Simo and Martin C. Simuunza and Caroline T. Tiemessen and Zan\'{e} Lombard and Scott Hazelhurst},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38049200/},

doi = {10.1002/CPT.3124},

issn = {1532-6535},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics},

volume = {115},

issue = {3},

pages = {576-594},

publisher = {Clin Pharmacol Ther},

abstract = {Genetic variation in CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 is known to impact interindividual response to antiretrovirals, nicotine, and bupropion, among other drugs. However, the full catalogue of clinically relevant pharmacogenetic variants in these genes is yet to be established, especially across African populations. This study therefore aimed to characterize the star allele (haplotype) distribution in CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 across diverse and understudied sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations. We called star alleles from 961 high-depth full genomes using StellarPGx, Aldy, and PyPGx. In addition, we performed CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 star allele frequency comparisons between SSA and other global biogeographical groups represented in the new 1000 Genomes Project high-coverage dataset (n = 2,000). This study presents frequency information for star alleles in CYP2B6 (e.g., *6 and *18; frequency of 21\textendash47% and 2\textendash19%, respectively) and CYP2A6 (e.g., *4, *9, and *17; frequency of 0\textendash6%, 3\textendash10%, and 6\textendash20%, respectively), and predicted phenotypes (for CYP2B6), across various African populations. In addition, 50 potentially novel African-ancestry star alleles were computationally predicted by StellarPGx in CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 combined. For each of these genes, over 4% of the study participants had predicted novel star alleles. Three novel star alleles in CYP2A6 (*54, *55, and *56) and CYP2B6 apiece, and several suballeles were further validated via targeted Single-Molecule Real-Time resequencing. Our findings are important for informing the design of comprehensive pharmacogenetic testing platforms, and are highly relevant for personalized medicine strategies, especially relating to antiretroviral medication and smoking cessation treatment in Africa and the African diaspora. More broadly, this study highlights the importance of sampling diverse African ethnolinguistic groups for accurate characterization of the pharmacogene variation landscape across the continent.},

keywords = {Africa South of the Sahara, Alleles, Britt I Dr\"{o}gem\"{o}ller, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 / genetics, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 / genetics, David Twesigomwe, doi:10.1002/cpt.3124, Gene Frequency, Genotype, Humans, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, Nicotine*, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pharmacogenetics*, pmid:38049200, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Scott Hazelhurst},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Evaluating the effect of a behavioural intervention bundle on antibiotic use, quality of care, and household transmission of resistant Enterobacteriaceae in intervention versus control clusters in rural Burkina Faso and DR Congo (CABU-EICO)},

author = {CABU-EICO consortium},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38281023/},

doi = {10.1186/S13063-023-07856-2},

issn = {1745-6215},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Trials},

volume = {25},

issue = {1},

pages = {91},

publisher = {Trials},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rising threat in low-resource settings, largely driven by transmission in the community, outside health facilities. Inappropriate antibiotic use is one of the main modifiable drivers of AMR. Its risk is especially high in poor resource settings, with limited diagnostic and surveillance capacities, and many informal medicine vendors determining community use. We hypothesise that to optimise community antibiotic use, especially Watch antibiotics (recommended only as first-choice for more severe clinical presentations or for causative pathogens likely to be resistant to Access antibiotics), both the supply side (medicine vendors) and the demand side (communities) should be pro-actively involved in any intervention. METHODS: In two existing demographic health surveillance sites (HDSS) in Burkina Faso and in the Democratic Republic of Congo, behavioural intervention bundles were co-created in a participatory approach, aiming to rationalise (Watch) antibiotic use and improve hygiene and sanitation practices. Bundles consisted of interactive interventions, including theatre, posters, discussions, etc. To evaluate impact, 11 of 22 clusters (a HDSS community with at least one (in)formal medicine vendor) were randomly assigned to this intervention, which will run over a year. The effect of the intervention will be evaluated by comparing outcomes before and after in intervention and control villages from a) exit interviews of clients from vendors, b) mystery patients presenting to vendors with a set of predefined symptoms, c) household interviews to assess behavioural changes related to antibiotic use, health literacy and water-sanitation-hygiene indicators. Long-term impact on AMR will be estimated by modelling changes in resistant Enterobacteriaceae carriage from repeated household surveys before, during and after the intervention in both arms. DISCUSSION: Most existing interventions aimed at improving antibiotic use focus on health care use, but in resource-limited settings, community use is highly prevalent. Previous studies targeting only providers failed to show an effect on antibiotic use. Evaluation will be done with before-after epidemiological measurements of actual prescriptions and use. If effective in reducing (Watch) antibiotic use, this would be an empowering methodology for communities, which has significant promise for long-term impact. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05378880 . 13 May 2022.},

keywords = {{Anti-Bacterial Agents* / adverse effects, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Democratic Republic of the Congo / epidemiology, Enterobacteriaceae*, Humans, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC10821568, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, Surveys and Questionnaires},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lingani2024,

title = {Patterns of Non-influenza Respiratory Viruses Among Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Cases in Burkina Faso: A Surveillance Study},

author = {Moussa Lingani and Assana Ciss\'{e} and Abdoul Kader Ilboudo and Issaka Yam\'{e}ogo and Zekiba Tarnagada},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38501305/},

doi = {10.1111/IRV.13271},

issn = {1750-2659},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Influenza and other respiratory viruses},

volume = {18},

issue = {3},

publisher = {Influenza Other Respir Viruses},

abstract = {Background: Although influenza viruses cause only one-fifth of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Burkina Faso, the other viral causes of SARI remain poorly investigated to inform clinical and preventive decision making. Methods: Between 2016 and 2019, we prospectively enrolled inpatients meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition of SARI in Burkina Faso. Results of viral etiologies among inpatients tested negative for influenza using the Fast Track Diagnostics Respiratory Kits (FTD-33) were reported. Results: Of 1541 specimens tested, at least one respiratory virus was detected in 76.1% of the 1231 specimens negative for influenza virus. Human rhinoviruses (hRVs) were the most detected pathogens (476; 38.7%), followed by human adenoviruses (hAdV) (17.1%, 210/1231), human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) (15.4%, 189/1231), enterovirus (EnV) (11.2%, 138/1231), human bocavirus (hBoV) (7.9%, 97/1231), parainfluenza 3 (hPIV3) (6.1%, 75/1231), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (6.0%,74/1321), parainfluenza 4 (hPIV4) (4.1%, 51/1231), human coronavirus OC43 (hCoV-OC43) (3.4%, 42/1231), human coronavirus HKU1(hCoV-HKU1) (2.7%, 33/1231), human coronavirus NL63 (hCoV-NL63) (2.5%, 31/1231), parainfluenza 1 (hPIV1) (2.0%, 25/1231), parainfluenza 2 (hPIV2) (1.8%, 22/1231), human parechovirus (PeV) (1.1%, 14/1231), and human coronavirus 229E (hCoV-229E) (0.9%, 11/1231). Among SARI cases, infants aged 1\textendash4 years were mostly affected (50.7%; 622/1231), followed by those \<1 year of age (35.7%; 438/1231). Most detected pathogens had year-long circulation patterns, with seasonal peaks mainly observed during the cold and dry seasons. Conclusion: Several non-influenza viruses are cause of SARI in Burkina Faso. The integration of the most common pathogens into the routine influenza surveillance system might be beneficial.},

keywords = {Assana Ciss\'{e}, Betacoronavirus, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, doi:10.1111/irv.13271, Enterovirus*, Human* / epidemiology, Humans, Infant, Influenza, MEDLINE, Moussa Lingani, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Orthomyxoviridae* / genetics, Paramyxoviridae Infections* / epidemiology, PMC10949177, pmid:38501305, Pneumonia*, PubMed Abstract, Respiratory Tract Infections* / epidemiology, Viruses*, Zekiba Tarnagada},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lompo2024,

title = {Knowledge, awareness, and risk practices related to bacterial contamination of antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products among healthcare workers in sub-saharan Africa: a cross-sectional survey in three tertiary care hospitals (Benin, Burkina Faso, and DR Congo)},

author = {Palpouguini Lompo and Anne Sophie Heroes and Kadija Ou\'{e}draogo and Patient Okitale and Abel Wakpo and Jocelyne Kalema and Octavie Lunguya and Halidou Tinto and Dissou Affolabi and Lassana Sangar\'{e} and Jan Jacobs},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38627805/},

doi = {10.1186/S13756-024-01396-3},

issn = {2047-2994},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Antimicrobial resistance and infection control},

volume = {13},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Antimicrob Resist Infect Control},

abstract = {Background: Antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products can be contaminated with bacteria and cause healthcare-associated infections, which are underreported from low- and middle-income countries. To better understand the user-related risk factors, we conducted a knowledge, awareness, and practice survey among hospital staff in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Self-administered questionnaire distributed among healthcare workers in three tertiary care hospitals (Burkina Faso, Benin, Democratic Republic of the Congo). Results: 617 healthcare workers (85.3% (para)medical and 14.7% auxiliary staff) participated. Less than half (45.5%) had been trained in Infection Prevention \& Control (IPC), and only 15.7% were trained \< 1 year ago. Near two-thirds (64.2%) preferred liquid soap for hand hygiene, versus 33.1% for alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR). Most (58.3%) expressed confidence in the locally available products. Knowledge of product categories, storage conditions and shelf-life was inadequate: eosin was considered as an antiseptic (47.5% of (para)medical staff), the shelf life and storage conditions (non-transparent container) of freshly prepared chlorine 0.5% were known by only 42.6% and 34.8% of participants, respectively. Approximately one-third of participants approved using tap water for preparation of chlorine 0.5% and liquid soap. Most participants (\> 80%) disapproved recycling soft-drink bottles as liquid soap containers. Nearly two-thirds (65.0%) declared that bacteria may be resistant to and survive in ABHR, versus 51.0% and 37.4% for povidone iodine and chlorine 0.5%, respectively. Depicted risk practices (n = 4) were ignored by 30 to 40% of participants: they included touching the rim or content of stock containers with compresses or small containers, storing of cotton balls soaked in an antiseptic, and hand-touching the spout of pump dispenser. Filling containers by topping-up was considered good practice by 18.3% of participants. Half (52.1%) of participants acknowledged indefinite reuse of containers. Besides small differences, the findings were similar across the study sites and professional groups. Among IPC-trained staff, proportions recognizing all 4 risk practices were higher compared to non-trained staff (35.9% versus 23.8%, p \< 0.0001). Conclusions: The present findings can guide tailored training and IPC implementation at the healthcare facility and national levels, and sensitize stakeholders’ and funders’ interest.},

keywords = {Anne-Sophie Heroes, Anti-Infective Agents, bacteria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chlorine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Disinfectants*, doi:10.1186/s13756-024-01396-3, Ethanol, Hand Hygiene*, Hospital, Humans, Jan Jacobs, Local*, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Palpouguini Lompo, Personnel, PMC11020199, pmid:38627805, PubMed Abstract, Soaps, Tertiary Care Centers},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Barry2024,

title = {Helminth exposure and immune response to the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen},

author = {Houreratou Barry and Edouard Lhomme and Mathieu Sur\'{e}naud and Moumini Nouctara and Cynthia Robinson and Viki Bockstal and Innocent Valea and Serge Somda and Halidou Tinto and Nicolas Meda and Brian Greenwood and Rodolphe Thi\'{e}baut and Christine Lacabaratz},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38603720/},

doi = {10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0011500},

issn = {1935-2735},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},

volume = {18},

issue = {4},

publisher = {PLoS Negl Trop Dis},

abstract = {Background The exposure to parasites may influence the immune response to vaccines in endemic African countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between helminth exposure to the most prevalent parasitic infections, schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminths infection and filariasis, and the Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) antibody concentration in response to vaccination with the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen in African and European participants using samples obtained from three international clinical trials. Methods/Principal findings We conducted a study in a subset of participants in the EBL2001, EBL2002 and EBL3001 clinical trials that evaluated the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen against EVD in children, adolescents and adults from the United Kingdom, France, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Kenya, Uganda and Sierra Leone. Immune markers of helminth exposure at baseline were evaluated by ELISA with three commercial kits which detect IgG antibodies against schistosome, filarial and Strongyloides antigens. Luminex technology was used to measure inflammatory and activation markers, and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines at baseline. The association between binding IgG antibodies specific to EBOV GP (measured on day 21 post-dose 2 and on Day 365 after the first dose respectively), and helminth exposure at baseline was evaluated using a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age and study group. Seventy-eight (21.3%) of the 367 participants included in the study had at least one helminth positive ELISA test at baseline, with differences of prevalence between studies and an increased prevalence with age. The most frequently detected antibodies were those to Schistosoma mansoni (10.9%), followed by Acanthocheilonema viteae (9%) and then Strongyloides ratti (7.9%). Among the 41 immunological analytes tested, five were significantly (p \< .003) lower in participants with at least one positive helminth ELISA test result: CCL2/MCP1, FGFbasic, IL-7, IL-13 and CCL11/Eotaxin compared to participants with negative helminth ELISA tests. No significant association was found with EBOV-GP specific antibody concentration at 21 days post-dose 2, or at 365 days post-dose 1, adjusted for age group, study, and the presence of any helminth antibodies at baseline. Conclusions/Significance No clear association was found between immune markers of helminth exposure as measured by ELISA and post-vaccination response to the Ebola Ad26.ZEBOV/ MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen. Trial registration NCT02416453, NCT02564523, NCT02509494. ClinicalTrials.gov.},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Aged, Animals, Antibodies, Child, Christine Lacabaratz, Cytokines / immunology, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011500, Ebola Vaccines* / administration \& dosage, Ebola Vaccines* / immunology, Ebola* / immunology, Ebola* / prevention \& control, Ebolavirus / genetics, Ebolavirus / immunology, Edouard Lhomme, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Helminth / blood, Helminthiasis / immunology, Helminthiasis / prevention \& control, Helminths / genetics, Helminths / immunology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Houreratou Barry, Humans, Immunoglobulin G / blood, Male, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, PMC11037528, pmid:38603720, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Viral* / blood, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schmit2024,

title = {The public health impact and cost-effectiveness of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine: a mathematical modelling study},

author = {Nora Schmit and Hillary M. Topazian and H. Magloire Natama and Duncan Bellamy and Ousmane Traor\'{e} and M. Athanase Som\'{e} and Toussaint Rouamba and Marc Christian Tahita and Massa Achille Bonko and Aboubakary Sourabi\'{e} and Hermann Sorgho and Lisa Stockdale and Samuel Provstgaard-Morys and Jeremy Aboagye and Danielle Woods and Katerina Rapi and Mehreen S. Datoo and Fernando Ramos Lopez and Giovanni D. Charles and Kelly McCain and Jean Bosco Ouedraogo and Mainga Hamaluba and Ally Olotu and Alassane Dicko and Halidou Tinto and Adrian V. S. Hill and Katie J. Ewer and Azra C. Ghani and Peter Winskill},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38342107/},

doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00816-2},

issn = {1474-4457},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases},

volume = {24},

issue = {5},

pages = {465-475},

publisher = {Lancet Infect Dis},

abstract = {Background: The R21/Matrix-M vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum clinical malaria in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Using trial data, we aimed to estimate the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of vaccine introduction across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We fitted a semi-mechanistic model of the relationship between anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody titres and vaccine efficacy to data from 3 years of follow-up in the phase 2b trial of R21/Matrix-M in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. We validated the model by comparing predicted vaccine efficacy to that observed over 12\textendash18 months in the phase 3 trial. Integrating this framework within a mathematical transmission model, we estimated the cases, malaria deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted and cost-effectiveness over a 15-year time horizon across a range of transmission settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Cost-effectiveness was estimated incorporating the cost of vaccine introduction (dose, consumables, and delivery) relative to existing interventions at baseline. We report estimates at a median of 20% parasite prevalence in children aged 2\textendash10 years (PfPR2\textendash10) and ranges from 3% to 65% PfPR2\textendash10. Findings: Anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody titres were found to satisfy the criteria for a surrogate of protection for vaccine efficacy against clinical malaria. Age-based implementation of a four-dose regimen of R21/Matrix-M vaccine was estimated to avert 181 825 (range 38 815\textendash333 491) clinical cases per 100 000 fully vaccinated children in perennial settings and 202 017 (29 868\textendash405 702) clinical cases per 100 000 fully vaccinated children in seasonal settings. Similar estimates were obtained for seasonal or hybrid implementation. Under an assumed vaccine dose price of US$3, the incremental cost per clinical case averted was $7 (range 4\textendash48) in perennial settings and $6 (3\textendash63) in seasonal settings and the incremental cost per DALY averted was $34 (29\textendash139) in perennial settings and $30 (22\textendash172) in seasonal settings, with lower cost-effectiveness ratios in settings with higher PfPR2\textendash10. Interpretation: Introduction of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine could have a substantial public health benefit across sub-Saharan Africa. Funding: The Wellcome Trust, the Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation, the UK Medical Research Council, the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 and 3, the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, and the Serum Institute of India, Open Philanthropy.},

keywords = {Antibodies, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Child, Cost-Benefit Analysis*, Falciparum* / economics, Falciparum* / epidemiology, Falciparum* / prevention \& control, Female, Hillary M Topazian, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Malaria Vaccines* / administration \& dosage, Malaria Vaccines* / economics, Malaria Vaccines* / immunology, Male, MEDLINE, Models, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nora Schmit, Peter Winskill, Plasmodium falciparum / immunology, pmid:38342107, Preschool, Protozoan / blood, Protozoan Proteins / immunology, Public Health* / economics, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Theoretical*, Vaccine Efficacy},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Neyer2024,

title = {Increased erythroferrone levels in malarial anaemia},

author = {Peter J. Neyer and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Christos T. Nakas and Salou Diallo and Halidou Tinto and Annelies Post and Andre J. Ven and Andreas R. Huber and Carlo R. Largiad\`{e}r and Angelika Hammerer-Lercher},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38279554/},

doi = {10.1111/BJH.19309},

issn = {1365-2141},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {British journal of haematology},

volume = {204},

issue = {5},

pages = {2066-2070},

publisher = {Br J Haematol},

abstract = {We assessed the diagnostic potential of erythroferrone as a biomarker for iron homeostasis comparing iron deficiency cases with anaemia of inflammation and controls. The dysregulation of the hepcidin axis was observed by Latour et al. in a mouse model of malarial anaemia induced by prolonged Plasmodium infection leading to increased erythroferrone concentrations. In line with that, we found significantly higher erythroferrone levels in cases with malaria and anaemia in an African population, compared to asymptomatic controls. Therefore, our findings extend the previous ones of the mouse model, suggesting also a dysregulation of the hepcidin axis in humans, which should be further corroborated in prospective studies and may lay the basis for the development of improved treatment strategies according to ERFE concentrations in such patients.},

keywords = {Anemia, Anemia / blood, Anemia / etiology, Angelika Hammerer-Lercher, Animals, B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e}, Biomarkers* / blood, doi:10.1111/bjh.19309, Female, Hepcidins / blood, Humans, Iron / blood, Iron / metabolism, Iron-Deficiency / blood, Malaria* / blood, Malaria* / complications, Male, MEDLINE, Mice, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Peptide Hormones* / blood, Peter J Neyer, pmid:38279554, PubMed Abstract},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mirzaev2024,

title = {Systematic review and meta-analysis of hepatitis E seroprevalence in Southeast Asia: a comprehensive assessment of epidemiological patterns},

author = {Ulugbek Khudayberdievich Mirzaev and Serge Ouoba and Ko Ko and Zayar Phyo and Chanroth Chhoung and Akuffo Golda Ataa and Aya Sugiyama and Tomoyuki Akita and Junko Tanaka},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38789918/},

doi = {10.1186/S12879-024-09349-2},

issn = {1471-2334},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {BMC infectious diseases},

volume = {24},

issue = {1},

publisher = {BMC Infect Dis},

abstract = {The burden of hepatitis E in Southeast Asia is substantial, influenced by its distinct socio-economic and environmental factors, as well as variations in healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to assess the pooled seroprevalence of hepatitis E across countries within the Southeast Asian region by the UN division. The study analyzed 66 papers across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, encompassing data from of 44,850 individuals focusing on anti-HEV seroprevalence. The investigation spanned nine countries, excluding Brunei and East Timor due to lack of data. The pooled prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was determined to be 21.03%, with the highest prevalence observed in Myanmar (33.46%) and the lowest in Malaysia (5.93%). IgM prevalence was highest in Indonesia (12.43%) and lowest in Malaysia (0.91%). The study stratified populations into high-risk (farm workers, chronic patients) and low-risk groups (general population, blood donors, pregnant women, hospital patients). It revealed a higher IgG\textemdash28.9%, IgM\textemdash4.42% prevalence in the former group, while the latter group exhibited figures of 17.86% and 3.15%, respectively, indicating occupational and health-related vulnerabilities to HEV. A temporal analysis (1987\textendash2023), indicated an upward trend in both IgG and IgM prevalence, suggesting an escalating HEV burden. These findings contribute to a better understanding of HEV seroprevalence in Southeast Asia, shedding light on important public health implications and suggesting directions for further research and intervention strategies. Key points Research Question Investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Southeast Asian countries focusing on different patterns, timelines, and population cohorts. Findings Sporadic Transmission of IgG and IgM Prevalence: • Pooled anti-HEV IgG prevalence: 21.03% • Pooled anti-HEV IgM prevalence: 3.49% Seroprevalence among specific groups: High-risk group (farm workers and chronic patients): • anti-HEV IgG: 28.9% • anti-HEV IgM: 4.42% Low-risk group (general population, blood donors, pregnant women, hospital patients): • anti-HEV IgG: 17.86% • anti-HEV IgM: 3.15% Temporal Seroprevalence of HEV: Anti-HEV IgG prevalence increased over decades (1987\textendash1999; 2000\textendash2010; 2011\textendash2023): 12.47%, 18.43%, 29.17% as an anti-HEV IgM prevalence: 1.92%, 2.44%, 5.27% Importance Provides a comprehensive overview of HEV seroprevalence in Southeast Asia. Highlights variation in seroprevalence among different population groups. Reveals increasing trend in HEV seroprevalence over the years. Distinguishes between sporadic and epidemic cases for a better understanding of transmission dynamics.},

keywords = {Asia, doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09349-2, Female, Hepatitis Antibodies* / blood, Hepatitis E virus* / immunology, Hepatitis E* / blood, Hepatitis E* / epidemiology, Humans, Immunoglobulin G* / blood, Immunoglobulin M* / blood, Junko Tanaka, Male, MEDLINE, Meta-Analysis, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11127338, pmid:38789918, Pregnancy, Prevalence, PubMed Abstract, Risk Factors, Serge Ouoba, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Southeastern / epidemiology, Systematic review, Ulugbek Khudayberdievich Mirzaev},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Akuffo2024,

title = {Assessing the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for hepatitis delta virus diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis},

author = {Golda Ataa Akuffo and Serge Ouoba and Ko Ko and Chanroth Chhoung and Zayar Phyo and Ulugbek Khudayberdievich Mirzaev and Aya Sugiyama and Tomoyuki Akita and Junko Tanaka},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39122751/},

doi = {10.1038/S41598-024-69304-8},

issn = {2045-2322},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Scientific reports},

volume = {14},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Sci Rep},

abstract = {Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV), a satellite virus of Hepatitis B virus, exacerbates liver damage in affected individuals. Screening for HDV antibodies in HBsAg positive patients is recommended, but the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests remains uncertain. This review aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for HDV. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus etc. for relevant studies. Studies measuring the sensitivity and specificity of serological HDV tests against PCR as a reference standard were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for each test method and sero-marker were calculated. The review included six studies with 11 study arms, evaluating ARCHITECT immunoassay, EIA, ELISA, QMAC, RIA, and Western Blot test methods targeting Anti-HDV IgG, Total anti-HDV and Anti-HDV IgM. Sensitivities for Anti-HDV IgG, Total Anti-HDV and Anti-HDV IgM, tests were 97.4%, 51.9%, and 62.0%, respectively, with specificities of 95.3%, 80.0%, and 85.0%. Our findings, with its limited number of studies, suggest that HDV serological tests, particularly those identifying Anti IgG exhibit high accuracy and can serve as effective screening tools for HDV.},

keywords = {doi:10.1038/s41598-024-69304-8, Golda Ataa Akuffo, Hepatitis Antibodies / blood, Hepatitis D* / blood, Hepatitis D* / diagnosis, Hepatitis D* / immunology, Hepatitis D* / virology, Hepatitis Delta Virus* / immunology, Humans, Immunoglobulin G / blood, Immunoglobulin M / blood, Junko Tanaka, MEDLINE, Meta-Analysis, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11316141, pmid:39122751, PubMed Abstract, Sensitivity and Specificity*, Serge Ouoba, Serologic Tests* / methods, Serologic Tests* / standards, Systematic review},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Camara2023,

title = {Performance of clinical signs and symptoms, rapid and reference laboratory diagnostic tests for diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis by passive screening in Guinea: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study},

author = {Oumou Camara and Mamadou Camara and Laura Cristina Falzon and Hamidou Ilboudo and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Charlie Franck Alfred Compaor\'{e} and Eric Maurice F\`{e}vre and Philippe B\"{u}scher and Bruno Bucheton and Veerle Lejon},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36941656/},

doi = {10.1186/S40249-023-01076-1},

issn = {2049-9957},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Infectious diseases of poverty},

volume = {12},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Infect Dis Poverty},

abstract = {Background: Passive diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) at the health facility level is a major component of HAT control in Guinea. We examined which clinical signs and symptoms are associated with HAT, and assessed the performance of selected clinical presentations, of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), and of reference laboratory tests on dried blood spots (DBS) for diagnosing HAT in Guinea. Method: The study took place in 14 health facilities in Guinea, where 2345 clinical suspects were tested with RDTs (HAT Sero-K-Set, rHAT Sero-Strip, and SD Bioline HAT). Seropositives underwent parasitological examination (reference test) to confirm HAT and their DBS were tested in indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)/Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, trypanolysis, Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei Detection kit (LAMP) and m18S quantitative PCR (qPCR). Multivariable regression analysis assessed association of clinical presentation with HAT. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of key clinical presentations, of the RDTs and of the DBS tests for HAT diagnosis were determined. Results: The HAT prevalence, as confirmed parasitologically, was 2.0% (48/2345, 95% CI: 1.5\textendash2.7%). Odds ratios (OR) for HAT were increased for participants with swollen lymph nodes (OR = 96.7, 95% CI: 20.7\textendash452.0), important weight loss (OR = 20.4, 95% CI: 7.05\textendash58.9), severe itching (OR = 45.9, 95% CI: 7.3\textendash288.7) or motor disorders (OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 0.89\textendash22.5). Presence of at least one of these clinical presentations was 75.6% (95% CI: 73.8\textendash77.4%) specific and 97.9% (95% CI: 88.9\textendash99.9%) sensitive for HAT. HAT Sero-K-Set, rHAT Sero-Strip, and SD Bioline HAT were respectively 97.5% (95% CI: 96.8\textendash98.1%), 99.4% (95% CI: 99.0\textendash99.7%) and 97.9% (95% CI: 97.2\textendash98.4%) specific, and 100% (95% CI: 92.5\textendash100.0%), 59.6% (95% CI: 44.3\textendash73.3%) and 93.8% (95% CI: 82.8\textendash98.7%) sensitive for HAT. The RDT’s positive and negative predictive values ranged from 45.2\textendash66.7% and 99.2\textendash100% respectively. All DBS tests had specificities ≥ 92.9%. While LAMP and m18S qPCR sensitivities were below 50%, trypanolysis and ELISA/T.b. gambiense had sensitivities of 85.3% (95% CI: 68.9\textendash95.0%) and 67.6% (95% CI: 49.5\textendash82.6%). Conclusions: Presence of swollen lymph nodes, important weight loss, severe itching or motor disorders are simple but accurate clinical criteria for HAT referral in HAT endemic areas in Guinea. Diagnostic performances of HAT Sero-K-Set and SD Bioline HAT are sufficient for referring positives to microscopy. Trypanolysis on DBS may discriminate HAT patients from false RDT positives. Trial registration The trial was registered under NCT03356665 in clinicaltrials.gov (November 29, 2017, retrospectively registered https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03356665) Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].},

keywords = {African*, Animals, Clinical Trial, Diagnostic Tests, doi:10.1186/s40249-023-01076-1, Guinea, Humans, Mamadou Camara, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Oumou Camara, PMC10026442, pmid:36941656, Prospective Studies, PubMed Abstract, Routine, Sensitivity and Specificity, Trypanosomiasis, Veerle Lejon},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gansane2023,

title = {Randomized, open-label, phase 2a study to evaluate the contribution of artefenomel to the clinical and parasiticidal activity of artefenomel plus ferroquine in African patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria},

author = {Adama Gansane and Moussa Lingani and Adoke Yeka and Alain Nahum and Marielle Bouyou-Akotet and Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma and Grace Kaguthi and Catalina Barcel\'{o} and Bart Laurijssens and Cathy Cantalloube and Fiona Macintyre and Elhadj Djeriou and Andreas Jessel and Rapha\"{e}l Bejuit and Helen Demarest and Anne Claire Marrast and Siaka Debe and Halidou Tinto and Afizi Kibuuka and Diolinda Nahum and Denise Patricia Mawili-Mboumba and Rella Zoleko-Manego and Irene Mugenya and Frederick Olewe and Stephan Duparc and Bernhards Ogutu},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36597076/},

doi = {10.1186/S12936-022-04420-2},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Malaria journal},

volume = {22},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Malar J},

abstract = {Background: The contribution of artefenomel to the clinical and parasiticidal activity of ferroquine and artefenomel in combination in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria was investigated. Methods: This Phase 2a, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study was conducted from 11th September 2018 to 6th November 2019 across seven centres in Benin, Burkina Faso, Gabon, Kenya, and Uganda. Patients aged ≥ 14\textendash69 years with microscopically confirmed infection (≥ 3000 to ≤ 50,000 parasites/µL blood) were randomized 1:1:1:1 to 400 mg ferroquine, or 400 mg ferroquine plus artefenomel 300, 600, or 1000 mg, administered as a single oral dose. The primary efficacy analysis was a logistic regression evaluating the contribution of artefenomel exposure to Day 28 PCR-adjusted adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR). Safety was also evaluated. Results: The randomized population included 140 patients. For the primary analysis in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic efficacy population (N = 121), the contribution of artefenomel AUC0\textendash∞ to Day 28 PCR-adjusted ACPR was not demonstrated when accounting for ferroquine AUC0\textendashd28, baseline parasitaemia, and other model covariates: odds ratio 1.1 (95% CI 0.98, 1.2; P = 0.245). In the per-protocol population, Day 28 PCR-adjusted ACPR was 80.8% (21/26; 95% CI 60.6, 93.4) with ferroquine alone and 90.3% (28/31; 95% CI 74.2, 98.0), 90.9% (30/33; 95% CI 75.7, 98.1) and 87.1% (27/31; 95% CI 70.2, 96.4) with 300, 600, and 1000 mg artefenomel, respectively. Median time to parasite clearance (Kaplan\textendashMeier) was 56.1 h with ferroquine, more rapid with artefenomel, but similar for all doses (30.0 h). There were no deaths. Adverse events (AEs) of any cause occurred in 51.4% (18/35) of patients with ferroquine 400 mg alone, and 58.3% (21/36), 66.7% (24/36), and 72.7% (24/33) with 300, 600, and 1000 mg artefenomel, respectively. All AEs were of mild-to-moderate severity, and consistent with the known profiles of the compounds. Vomiting was the most reported AE. There were no cases of QTcF prolongation ≥ 500 ms or \> 60 ms from baseline. Conclusion: The contribution of artefenomel exposure to the clinical and parasitological activity of ferroquine/artefenomel could not be demonstrated in this study. Parasite clearance was faster with ferroquine/artefenomel versus ferroquine alone. All treatments were well tolerated. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03660839 (7 September, 2018).},

keywords = {Adama Gansane, Aminoquinolines / therapeutic use, Antimalarials* / pharmacology, Bernhards Ogutu, Clinical Trial, doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04420-2, Drug Combinations, Falciparum* / drug therapy, Falciparum* / parasitology, Humans, Malaria, MEDLINE, Moussa Lingani, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Phase II, Plasmodium falciparum, PMC9809015, pmid:36597076, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, Treatment Outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Micklesfield2023,

title = {Identifying the prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity in middle-aged men and women: a cross-sectional population-based study in four African countries},

author = {Lisa K. Micklesfield and Richard Munthali and Godfred Agongo and Gershim Asiki and Palwende Boua and Solomon S. R. Choma and Nigel J. Crowther and June Fabian and Francesc Xavier G\'{o}mez-Oliv\'{e} and Chodziwadziwa Kabudula and Eric Maimela and Shukri F. Mohamed and Engelbert A. Nonterah and Frederick J. Raal and Hermann Sorgho and Furahini D. Tluway and Alisha N. Wade and Shane A. Norris and Michele Ramsay},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36918238/},

doi = {10.1136/BMJOPEN-2022-067788},

issn = {2044-6055},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {BMJ open},

volume = {13},

issue = {3},

publisher = {BMJ Open},

abstract = {Objectives To determine the prevalence of multimorbidity, to identify which chronic conditions cluster together and to identify factors associated with a greater risk for multimorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Design Cross-sectional, multicentre, population-based study. Setting Six urban and rural communities in four sub-Saharan African countries. Participants Men (n=4808) and women (n=5892) between the ages of 40 and 60 years from the AWI-Gen study. Measures Sociodemographic and anthropometric data, and multimorbidity as defined by the presence of two or more of the following conditions: HIV infection, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, asthma, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension. Results Multimorbidity prevalence was higher in women compared with men (47.2% vs 35%), and higher in South African men and women compared with their East and West African counterparts. The most common disease combination at all sites was dyslipidaemia and hypertension, with this combination being more prevalent in South African women than any single disease (25% vs 21.6%). Age and body mass index were associated with a higher risk of multimorbidity in men and women; however, lifestyle correlates such as smoking and physical activity were different between the sexes. Conclusions The high prevalence of multimorbidity in middle-aged adults in SSA is of concern, with women currently at higher risk. This prevalence is expected to increase in men, as well as in the East and West African region with the ongoing epidemiological transition. Identifying common disease clusters and correlates of multimorbidity is critical to providing effective interventions.},

keywords = {{Adult, Africa South of the Sahara / epidemiology, CollabAuthor(name='as members of AWI-Gen and the H3Africa Consortium', Cross-Sectional Studies, Dyslipidemias* / epidemiology, Extramural, Female, HIV Infections*, Humans, Hypertension* / epidemiology, Lisa K Micklesfield, Male, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, Multimorbidity, N.I.H., National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, PMC10016250, Prevalence, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Richard Munthali, Risk Factors, Sex Factors},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Agnandji2023,

title = {Prostration and the prognosis of death in African children with severe malaria},

author = {Selidji T. Agnandji and Mario Recker and Benjamin Mordm\"{u}ller and Stephan Gl\"{o}ckner and Akim A. Adegnika and Bertrand Lell and Lucas Otieno and Walter Otieno and Seth Owusu-Agyei and Kwaku P. Asante and Tsiri Agbenyega and Daniel Ansong and Eusebio Macete and Pedro Aide and Hermann Sorgho and Halidou Tinto and Neema Mturi and John P. A. Lusingu and Samwel Gesase and Irving Hoffman and Nahya Salim Masoud and Charles R. Newton and Kalifa Bojang and G\'{e}rard Krause and Peter Gottfried Kremsner},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37414210/},

doi = {10.1016/J.IJID.2023.06.022},

issn = {1878-3511},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},

volume = {134},

pages = {240-247},

publisher = {Int J Infect Dis},

abstract = {Objectives: Malaria is still one of the main reasons for hospitalization in children living in sub-Saharan Africa. Rapid risk stratification at admission is essential for optimal medical care and improved prognosis. Whereas coma, deep breathing, and, to a lesser degree, severe anemia are established predictors of malaria-related death, the value of assessing prostration for risk stratification is less certain. Methods: Here we used a retrospective multi-center analysis comprising over 33,000 hospitalized children from four large studies, including two observational studies from the Severe Malaria in African Children network, a randomized controlled treatment study, and the phase-3-clinical RTS,S-malaria vaccine trial, to evaluate known risk factors of mortality and with a specific emphasis on the role of prostration. Results: Despite comparable age profiles of the participants, we found significant inter- and intra-study variation in the incidence of fatal malaria as well as in the derived risk ratios associated with the four risk factors: coma, deep breathing, anemia, and prostration. Despite pronounced variations, prostration was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality (P \<0.001) and its consideration resulted in improved predictive performance, both in a multivariate model and a univariate model based on the Lambar\'{e}n\'{e} Organ Dysfunction Score. Conclusion: Prostration is an important clinical criterion to determine severe pediatric malaria with possible fatal outcomes.},

keywords = {Anemia*, Child, Clinical Trial, Coma, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.022, Falciparum* / drug therapy, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Malaria* / complications, Malaria* / diagnosis, Mario Recker, MEDLINE, Multicenter Study, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Peter Gottfried Kremsner, Phase III, pmid:37414210, Prognosis, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, Selidji T Agnandji},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ouedraogo2023,

title = {The burden of the coronavirus disease 2019 virus infection in Burkina Faso: Results from a World Health Organization UNITY population-based, age-stratified sero-epidemiological investigation},

author = {Samiratou Ouedraogo and Isidore Tiandiogo Traor\'{e} and Dramane Kania and Nongodo Firmin Kabor\'{e} and Ariane Mamguem Kamga and Hermann Badolo and Mimbour\'{e} Yara and Guillaume Sanou and Amariane Kon\'{e} and Samdapawind\'{e} Th\'{e}r\`{e}se Kagon\'{e} and Esperance Ou\'{e}draogo and Blahima Konat\'{e} and Rachel M\'{e}dah and Nathalie Rekeneire and Armel Poda and Arnaud Eric Diendere and Boukary Ou\'{e}draogo and Oumar Billa and Gilles Paradis and Halidou Tinto and Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38019697/},

doi = {10.1111/IRV.13216},

issn = {1750-2659},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Influenza and other respiratory viruses},

volume = {17},

issue = {11},

publisher = {Influenza Other Respir Viruses},

abstract = {Background: This study aimed to estimate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in the general population of Bobo-Dioulasso and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methods: We collected from March to April 2021 blood samples from randomly selected residents in both main cities based on the World Health Organization (WHO) sero-epidemiological investigations protocols and tested them with WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits intended for qualitative assessment. We also recorded participants' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and information on exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Data were analysed with descriptive and comparative statistics. Results: We tested 5240 blood samples collected between 03 March and 16 April 2021. The overall test-adjusted seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was (67.8% [95% CI 65.9\textendash70.2]) (N = 3553/3982). Seroprevalence was highest among participants aged 15\textendash18 years old (74.2% [95% CI 70.5\textendash77.5]) (N = 465/627), compared with those aged 10\textendash14 years old (62.6% [95% CI 58.7\textendash66.4]) (N = 395/631), or those over 18 (67.6% [95% CI 66.2\textendash69.1]) (N = 2693/3982). Approximately 71.0% (601/860) of participants aged 10\textendash18 years old who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies experienced no clinical COVID-19 symptoms in the weeks before the survey, compared with 39.3% (1059/2693) among those aged over 18 years old. Conclusion: This study reports the results of the first known large serological survey in the general population of Burkina Faso. It shows high circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the two cities and a high proportion of asymptomatic adolescents. Further studies are needed to identify the SARS-CoV-2 variants and to elucidate the factors protecting some infected individuals from developing clinical COVID-19.},

keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Child, COVID-19* / epidemiology, doi:10.1111/irv.13216, Humans, Isidore Tiandiogo Traor\'{e}, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC10655778, pmid:38019697, PubMed Abstract, Samiratou Ou\'{e}draogo, SARS-CoV-2*, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli, Viral},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Garba2023,

title = {Wastewater from healthcare centers in Burkina Faso is a source of ESBL, AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae},

author = {Zakaria Garba and Isidore O. J. Bonkoungou and Nad\`{e}ge O. Millogo and H. Magloire Natama and Pingdwend\'{e} A. P. Vokouma and Massa A. Bonko and Ibrahima Karama and Lagm\^{e}yesgo A. W. Tiendrebeogo and Kaisa Haukka and Halidou Tinto and Lassana Sangar\'{e} and Nicolas Barro},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37978428/},

doi = {10.1186/S12866-023-03108-0},

issn = {1471-2180},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {BMC microbiology},

volume = {23},

issue = {1},

publisher = {BMC Microbiol},

abstract = {Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have spread into the environment worldwide posing a potential public health threat. However, the prevalence data for low- and middle-income countries are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of ESBL, AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing and multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae in wastewaters from healthcare centers in Burkina Faso. Results: Eighty-four (84) wastewater samples were collected from five healthcare centers and plated on selective ESBL ChromAgar. E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were identified using API20E. ESBL-producing bacteria were detected in 97.6% of the samples and their average concentration per hospital ranged from 1.10 × 105 to 5.23 × 106 CFU/mL. Out of 170 putative ESBL-producing isolates (64% of them were E. coli) and 51 putative AmpC-β-lactamase-producing isolates, 95% and 45% were confirmed, respectively. Carbapenemase production was detected in 10 isolates, of which 6 were NDM producers, 3 were OXA-48 producers and 1 was NDM and OXA-48 producer. All isolates were multidrug resistant and, moreover, all of them were resistant to all tested β-lactams. Resistance to ESBL inhibitors was also common, up to 66% in E. coli and 62% in K. pneumoniae. Amikacin, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin were the antibiotics to which the least resistance was detected. Conclusions: This study showed that wastewater from healthcare centers constitutes a reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Burkina Faso, including carbapenemase producers. Untreated healthcare wastewater entering the environment exposes people and animals to infections caused by these multi-resistant bacteria, which are difficult to treat, especially in the resource-poor settings.},

keywords = {Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology, bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, beta-Lactamases, Burkina Faso, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae*, doi:10.1186/s12866-023-03108-0, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections* / microbiology, Humans, Isidore O J Bonkoungou, Klebsiella pneumoniae, MEDLINE, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, Nicolas Barro, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, PMC10655474, pmid:37978428, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Wastewater, Zakaria Garba},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {A Bayesian spatio-temporal framework to assess the effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on children under 5 years in Cameroon from 2016 to 2021 using routine data},

author = {Arnold Fottsoh Fokam and Toussaint Rouamba and Sekou Samadoulougou and Yazoume Ye and Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37951942/},

doi = {10.1186/S12936-023-04677-1},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Malaria journal},

volume = {22},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Malar J},

abstract = {Background: Malaria affects millions of Cameroonian children under 5 years of age living in the North and Far North regions. These regions bear the greatest burden, particularly for children under 5 years of age. To reduce the burden of disease in these regions, Cameroon adopted the Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) in 2016 and has implemented it each year since its adoption. However, no previous studies have systematically assessed the effects of this intervention in Cameroon. It is important to understand its effect and whether its implementation could be improved. This study aimed to assess the effect of SMC in Cameroon during the period 2016\textendash2021 on malaria morbidity in children under 5 years of age using routine data. Methods: Data on malaria cases were extracted from the Cameroon Health Monitoring Information System (HMIS) from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2021. Health facilities report these data monthly on a single platform, the District Health Information System version 2 (DHIS2). Thus, a controlled interrupted time-series model in a Bayesian framework was used to evaluate the effects of the SMC on malaria morbidity. Results: SMC implementation was associated with a reduction in the incidence of uncomplicated malaria cases during the high-transmission periods from 2016 to 2021. Regarding the incidence of severe malaria during the high-transmission period, a reduction was found over the period 2016\textendash2019. The highest reduction was registered during the second year of implementation in 2017:15% (95% Credible Interval, 10\textendash19) of uncomplicated malaria cases and 51% (47\textendash54) of confirmed severe malaria cases. Conclusion: The addition of SMC to the malaria intervention package in Cameroon decreased the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria among children under 5 years of age. Based on these findings, this study supports the wide implementation of SMC to reduce the malaria burden in Cameroon as well as the use of routine malaria data to monitor the efficiency of the strategy in a timely manner.},

keywords = {Antimalarials* / therapeutic use, Arnold Fottsoh Fokam, Bayes Theorem, Cameroon / epidemiology, Chemoprevention, Child, doi:10.1186/s12936-023-04677-1, Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou, Humans, Infant, Malaria* / drug therapy, Malaria* / epidemiology, Malaria* / prevention \& control, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC10640753, pmid:37951942, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Seasons, Toussaint Rouamba},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Performance of ultra-sensitive malaria rapid diagnostic test to detect Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo},

author = {Japhet Kabalu Tshiongo and Flory Luzolo and Melissa Kabena and Lise Kuseke and Moussa Djimde and Patrick Mitashi and Crispin Lumbala and Kassoum Kayentao and Sandra Menting and Petra F. Mens and Henk D. F. H. Schallig and Pascal Lutumba and Halidou Tinto and Hypolite Muhindo Mavoko and Vivi Maketa},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37872634/},

doi = {10.1186/S12936-023-04749-2},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Malaria journal},

volume = {22},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Malar J},

abstract = {Background: Low peripheral parasitaemia caused by sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum in the placenta hampers the diagnosis of malaria in pregnant women, leading to microscopy or conventional rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) false-negative results. Although mainly asymptomatic, maternal malaria remains harmful to pregnant women and their offspring in endemic settings and must be adequately diagnosed. Ultra-sensitive RDTs (uRDTs) are thought to be more sensitive than RDTs, and their diagnostic performance was assessed in the current study in pregnant women living in Kinshasa, a stable malaria transmission area in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: To assess and compare the diagnostic performances of both RDTs and uRDTs, 497 peripheral blood samples were tested using microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as the index and the reference tests, respectively. The agreement between the different diagnostic tests assessed was estimated by Cohen's Kappa test. Results: The median parasite density by qPCR was 292 p/μL of blood [IQR (49.7\textendash1137)]. Using qPCR as the reference diagnostic test, the sensitivities of microscopy, RDT and uRDT were respectively [55.7% (95% CI 47.6\textendash63.6)], [81.7% (95%CI 74.7\textendash87.3)] and [88% (95% CI 81.9\textendash92.6)]. The specificities of the tests were calculated at 98.5% (95% CI 96.6\textendash99.5), 95.2% (95% CI 92.5\textendash97.2) and 94.4% (95% CI 91.4\textendash96.6) for microscopy, RDT and uRDT, respectively. The agreement between qPCR and uRDT was almost perfect (Kappa = 0.82). For parasite density (qPCR) below 100 p/µL, the sensitivity of RDT was 62% (95% CI 47.1\textendash75.3) compared to 68% (95% CI 53.3\textendash80.4) for uRDT. Between 100 and 200 p/µL, the sensitivity of RDT was higher, but still lower compared to uRDT: 89.4% (95% CI 66.8\textendash98.7) for RDT versus 100% (95% CI 82.3\textendash100) for uRDT. In both cases, microscopy was lower, with 20% (95% CI 10\textendash33.7) and 47.3% (95% CI 24.4\textendash71.1) respectively. Conclusions: uRDT has the potential to improve malaria management in pregnant women as it has been found to be slightly more sensitive than RDT in the detection of malaria in pregnant women but the difference was not significant. Microscopy has a more limited value for the diagnosis of malaria during the pregnancy, because of its lower sensitivity.},

keywords = {Antigens, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Diagnostic Tests, doi:10.1186/s12936-023-04749-2, Falciparum* / epidemiology, Female, Flory Luzolo, Humans, Japhet Kabalu Tshiongo, Malaria, Malaria*, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Plasmodium falciparum, PMC10594769, pmid:37872634, Pregnancy, Pregnant Women, Protozoan, PubMed Abstract, Rapid diagnostic tests, Routine / methods, Sensitivity and Specificity, Vivi Maketa},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sondo2023,

title = {Enhanced effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention when coupled with nutrients supplementation for preventing malaria in children under 5 years old in Burkina Faso: a randomized open label trial},

author = {Paul Sondo and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Toussaint Rouamba and Eulalie Compaor\'{e} and Yssimini Nad\`{e}ge Guill\`{e}ne Tibiri and Hyacinthe Abd El Latif Fa\"{i}\c{c}al Kabor\'{e} and Karim Derra and Marc Christian Tahita and Hamidou Ilboudo and Gauthier Tougri and Isma\"{i}la Bouda and Tikanou Dakyo and Hyacinthe Kafando and Florence Ou\'{e}draogo and Eli Rouamba and So Franck Hien and Adama Kazienga and Cheick Sa\"{i}d Compaor\'{e} and Estelle Bambara and Macaire Nana and Prabin Dahal and Franck Garanet and William Kabor\'{e} and Thierry L\'{e}f\`{e}vre and Philippe Guerin and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37853408/},

doi = {10.1186/S12936-023-04745-6},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Malaria journal},

volume = {22},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Malar J},

abstract = {Background: In rural African settings, most of the children under the coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) are also undernourished at the time of SMC delivery, justifying the need for packaging malarial and nutritional interventions. This study aimed at assessing the impact of SMC by coupling the intervention with nutrients supplementation for preventing malaria in children less than 5 years old in Burkina Faso. Methods: A randomized trial was carried out between July 2020 and June 2021 in the health district of Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Children (n = 1059) under SMC coverage were randomly assigned to one of the three study arms SMC + Vitamin A (SMC-A},

keywords = {Antimalarials* / therapeutic use, B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e}, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Chemoprevention, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Supplements, doi:10.1186/s12936-023-04745-6, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Infant, Malaria* / epidemiology, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Nutrients, Paul Sondo, PMC10585892, pmid:37853408, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, Seasons, Vitamin A / therapeutic use},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Natama2023,

title = {Associations between prenatal malaria exposure, maternal antibodies at birth, and malaria susceptibility during the first year of life in Burkina Faso},

author = {Hamtandi Magloire Natama and Gemma Moncunill and Marta Vidal and Toussaint Rouamba and Ruth Aguilar and Rebeca Santano and Eduard Rovira-Vallbona and Alfons Jim\'{e}nez and M. Athanase Som\'{e} and Hermann Sorgho and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Maminata Coulibaly-Traor\'{e} and Ross L. Coppel and David Cavanagh and Chetan E. Chitnis and James G. Beeson and Evelina Angov and Sheetij Dutta and Benoit Gamain and Luis Izquierdo and Petra F. Mens and Henk D. F. H. Schallig and Halidou Tinto and Anna Rosanas-Urgell and Carlota Doba\~{n}o},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37754682/},

doi = {10.1128/IAI.00268-23},

issn = {1098-5522},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Infection and immunity},

volume = {91},

issue = {10},

pages = {290},

publisher = {Infect Immun},

abstract = {In this study, we investigated how different categories of prenatal malaria exposure (PME) influence levels of maternal antibodies in cord blood samples and the subsequent risk of malaria in early childhood in a birth cohort study (N = 661) nested within the COSMIC clinical trial (NCT01941264) in Burkina Faso. Plasmodium falciparum infections during pregnancy and infants’ clinical malaria episodes detected during the first year of life were recorded. The levels of maternal IgG and IgG1-4 to 15 P. falciparum antigens were measured in cord blood by quantitative suspension array technology. Results showed a significant variation in the magnitude of maternal antibody levels in cord blood, depending on the PME category, with past placental malaria (PM) more frequently associated with significant increases of IgG and/or subclass levels across three groups of antigens defined as pre-erythrocytic, erythrocytic, and markers of PM, as compared to those from the cord of non-exposed control infants. High levels of antibodies to certain erythrocytic antigens (i.e., IgG to EBA140 and EBA175, IgG1 to EBA175 and MSP142, and IgG3 to EBA140 and MSP5) were independent predictors of protection from clinical malaria during the first year of life. By contrast, high levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 to the VAR2CSA DBL1-2 and IgG4 to DBL3-4 were significantly associated with an increased risk of clinical malaria. These findings indicate that PME categories have different effects on the levels of maternal-derived antibodies to malaria antigens in children at birth, and this might drive heterogeneity to clinical malaria susceptibility in early childhood.},

keywords = {Antibodies, Antigens, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Carlota Doba\~{n}o, Child, Cohort Studies, doi:10.1128/iai.00268-23, Falciparum*, Female, Gemma Moncunill, Hamtandi Magloire Natama, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Infant, Malaria, Malaria* / epidemiology, Maternal Exposure, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, Newborn, NIH, NLM, placenta, Plasmodium falciparum, PMC10580994, pmid:37754682, Pregnancy, Preschool, Protozoan, PubMed Abstract},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Djimde2023,

title = {Efficacy and safety of pyronaridine-artesunate (PYRAMAX) for the treatment of P. falciparum uncomplicated malaria in African pregnant women (PYRAPREG): study protocol for a phase 3, non-inferiority, randomised open-label clinical trial},

author = {Moussa Djimde and Japhet Kabalu Tshiongo and Hypolite Mavoko Muhindo and Halidou Tinto and Esperanca Sevene and Maminata Traore and Anifa Vala and Salesio MacUacua and Berenger Kabore and Edgard Diniba Dabira and Annette Erhart and Hamadoun Diakite and Mohamed Keita and Mireia Piqueras and Raquel Gonz\'{a}lez and Clara Menendez and Thomas P. C. Dorlo and Issaka Sagara and Petra Mens and Henk Schallig and Umberto D'Alessandro and Kassoum Kayentao},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37813539/},

doi = {10.1136/BMJOPEN-2022-065295},

issn = {2044-6055},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {BMJ open},

volume = {13},

issue = {10},

publisher = {BMJ Open},

abstract = {Introduction Malaria infection during pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight and infant mortality and should be prevented and treated. Artemisinin-based combination treatments are generally well tolerated, safe and effective; the most used being artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP). Pyronaridine-artesunate (PA) is a new artemisinin-based combination. The main objective of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of PA versus AL or DP when administered to pregnant women with confirmed Plasmodium falciparum infection in the second or third trimester. The primary hypothesis is the pairwise non-inferiority of PA as compared with either AL or DP. Methods and analysis A phase 3, non-inferiority, randomised, open-label clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of AL, DP and PA in pregnant women with malaria in five sub-Saharan, malaria-endemic countries (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali, Mozambique and the Gambia). A total of 1875 pregnant women will be randomised to one of the treatment arms. Women will be actively monitored until Day 63 post-treatment, at delivery and 4-6 weeks after delivery, and infants' health will be checked on their first birthday. The primary endpoint is the PCR-adjusted rate of adequate clinical and parasitological response at Day 42 in the per-protocol population. Ethics and dissemination This protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee for Health Research in Burkina Faso, the National Health Ethics Committee in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology/Faculty of Pharmacy in Mali, the Gambia Government/MRCG Joint Ethics Committee and the National Bioethics Committee for Health in Mozambique. Written informed consent will be obtained from each individual prior to her participation in the study. The results will be published in peer-reviewed open access journals and presented at (inter)national conferences and meetings. Trial registration number PACTR202011812241529.},

keywords = {Antimalarials* / adverse effects, Artemether, Artemether / therapeutic use, Artemisinins* / adverse effects, Clinical Trial Protocol, Clinical Trials, doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065295, Drug Combinations, Falciparum* / drug therapy, Female, Humans, Infant, Japhet Kabalu Tshiongo, Kassoum Kayentao, Lumefantrine Drug Combination / therapeutic use, Malaria, Malaria* / drug therapy, MEDLINE, Moussa Djimde, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Phase III as Topic, PMC10565244, pmid:37813539, Pregnancy, Pregnant Women, PubMed Abstract, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research Support, Sub-Saharan African People, Treatment Outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ogutu2023,

title = {Ganaplacide (KAF156) plus lumefantrine solid dispersion formulation combination for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: an open-label, multicentre, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial},

author = {Bernhards Ogutu and Adoke Yeka and Sylvia Kusemererwa and Ricardo Thompson and Halidou Tinto and Andre Offianan Toure and Chirapong Uthaisin and Amar Verma and Afizi Kibuuka and Moussa Lingani and Carlos Louren\c{c}o and Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma and Videlis Nduba and Tiacoh Landry N'Guessan and Gu\'{e}tawend\'{e} Job Wilfried Nassa and Mary Nyantaro and Lucas Otieno Tina and Piyoosh K. Singh and Myriam El Gaaloul and Anne Claire Marrast and Havana Chikoto and Katalin Csermak and Ivan Demin and Dheeraj Mehta and Rashidkhan Pathan and Celine Risterucci and Guoqin Su and Cornelis Winnips and Grace Kaguthi and Bakary Fofana and Martin Peter Grobusch},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37327809/},

doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00209-8},

issn = {1474-4457},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases},

volume = {23},

issue = {9},

pages = {1051-1061},

publisher = {Lancet Infect Dis},

abstract = {Background: Emergence of drug resistance demands novel antimalarial drugs with new mechanisms of action. We aimed to identify effective and well tolerated doses of ganaplacide plus lumefantrine solid dispersion formulation (SDF) in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Methods: This open-label, multicentre, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial was conducted at 13 research clinics and general hospitals in ten African and Asian countries. Patients had microscopically-confirmed uncomplicated P falciparum malaria (\>1000 and \<150 000 parasites per μL). Part A identified the optimal dose regimens in adults and adolescents (aged ≥12 years) and in part B, the selected doses were assessed in children (≥2 years and \<12 years). In part A, patients were randomly assigned to one of seven groups (once a day ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg for 1, 2, or 3 days; ganaplacide 800 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg as a single dose; once a day ganaplacide 200 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 480 mg for 3 days; once a day ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 480 mg for 3 days; or twice a day artemether plus lumefantrine for 3 days [control]), with stratification by country (2:2:2:2:2:2:1) using randomisation blocks of 13. In part B, patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups (once a day ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg for 1, 2, or 3 days, or twice a day artemether plus lumefantrine for 3 days) with stratification by country and age (2 to \<6 years and 6 to \<12 years; 2:2:2:1) using randomisation blocks of seven. The primary efficacy endpoint was PCR-corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response at day 29, analysed in the per protocol set. The null hypothesis was that the response was 80% or lower, rejected when the lower limit of two-sided 95% CI was higher than 80%. This study is registered with EudraCT (2020\textendash003284\textendash25) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03167242). Findings: Between Aug 2, 2017, and May 17, 2021, 1220 patients were screened and of those, 12 were included in the run-in cohort, 337 in part A, and 175 in part B. In part A, 337 adult or adolescent patients were randomly assigned, 326 completed the study, and 305 were included in the per protocol set. The lower limit of the 95% CI for PCR-corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response on day 29 was more than 80% for all treatment regimens in part A (46 of 50 patients [92%, 95% CI 81\textendash98] with 1 day, 47 of 48 [98%, 89\textendash100] with 2 days, and 42 of 43 [98%, 88\textendash100] with 3 days of ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg; 45 of 48 [94%, 83\textendash99] with ganaplacide 800 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg for 1 day; 47 of 47 [100%, 93\textendash100] with ganaplacide 200 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 480 mg for 3 days; 44 of 44 [100%, 92\textendash100] with ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 480 mg for 3 days; and 25 of 25 [100%, 86\textendash100] with artemether plus lumefantrine). In part B, 351 children were screened, 175 randomly assigned (ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg once a day for 1, 2, or 3 days), and 171 completed the study. Only the 3-day regimen met the prespecified primary endpoint in paediatric patients (38 of 40 patients [95%, 95% CI 83\textendash99] vs 21 of 22 [96%, 77\textendash100] with artemether plus lumefantrine). The most common adverse events were headache (in seven [14%] of 51 to 15 [28%] of 54 in the ganaplacide plus lumefantrine-SDF groups and five [19%] of 27 in the artemether plus lumefantrine group) in part A, and malaria (in 12 [27%] of 45 to 23 [44%] of 52 in the ganaplacide plus lumefantrine-SDF groups and 12 [50%] of 24 in the artemether plus lumefantrine group) in part B. No patients died during the study. Interpretation: Ganaplacide plus lumefantrine-SDF was effective and well tolerated in patients, especially adults and adolescents, with uncomplicated P falciparum malaria. Ganaplacide 400 mg plus lumefantrine-SDF 960 mg once daily for 3 days was identified as the optimal treatment regimen for adults, adolescents, and children. This combination is being evaluated further in a phase 2 trial (NCT04546633). Funding: Novartis and Medicines for Malaria Venture.},

keywords = {Adoke Yeka, Adolescent, Adult, Antimalarials*, Artemether / pharmacology, Artemether / therapeutic use, Artemisinins*, Bernhards Ogutu, Child, Clinical Trial, doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00209-8, Drug Combinations, Ethanolamines / pharmacology, Ethanolamines / therapeutic use, Falciparum* / drug therapy, Falciparum* / parasitology, Fluorenes / pharmacology, Fluorenes / therapeutic use, Humans, Lumefantrine / pharmacology, Lumefantrine / therapeutic use, Malaria, Malaria* / drug therapy, Martin Peter Grobusch, MEDLINE, Multicenter Study, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Phase II, Plasmodium falciparum, pmid:37327809, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, Research Support, Treatment Outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Factors affecting African postdoctoral researcher capacity development within 'learn-by-doing' international research partnerships: findings from the 'Partnership for Increasing the Impact of Vector Control (PIIVeC)'},

author = {Jessica Amegee Quach and Innocent Valea and Imelda Bates and Justin Pulford},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37678937/},

doi = {10.1136/BMJGH-2023-012626},

issn = {2059-7908},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {BMJ global health},

volume = {8},

issue = {9},

publisher = {BMJ Glob Health},

abstract = {Introduction The Partnership to Increase the Impact of Vector Control sought to develop the research and leadership capacity of 10 African postdoctoral vectorborne disease scientists via a € learn-by-doing' approach. We identified factors that either supported or hindered their development and, drawing on this information, determined key lessons for future programmes with similar objectives. Methods A longitudinal qualitative study encompassing focus group discussions and semistructured interviews conducted with the cohort of African postdoctoral fellows, programme leadership, supervisory and research support staff (N=28). Data analysis was informed by a general inductive approach. Results Numerous supportive and hindering factors were identified. Supportive factors were primarily structural or attitudinal in nature, whereas hindering factors were primarily operational or contextual. None of the supporting or hindering factors were specific to vectorborne disease research. Four key lessons for future programme implementation emerged, including: the value in exposing postdoctoral fellows to a diverse work-mix and training-mix to improve understanding of the broad skillset needed for scientific career advancement; recognising and managing the potentially competing interests of different partnership members to ensure everyone benefits from participation; ensuring equity of opportunity and rewarding engagement; and ensuring flexibility in support provision. Conclusion Our study highlights numerous factors that may be readily incorporated into early career researcher capacity strengthening initiatives based on a learn-by-doing approach. Many of these factors are supported by a growing weight of evidence and would be appropriate to research capacity strengthening programmes both within and outside of a vectorborne disease context.},

keywords = {doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012626, Focus Groups, Health Personnel*, Humans, Innocent Valea, Jessica Amegee Quach, Justin Pulford, Leadership, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Physicians*, PMC10496693, pmid:37678937, PubMed Abstract, Qualitative research, Research Support},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boua2023,

title = {Undernutrition in children aged 0-59 months by region and over time: secondary analysis of the Burkina Faso 2012-2018 National Nutrition Surveys},

author = {Palwende Romuald Boua and Toussaint Rouamba and Estelle Bambara and Saidou Kabor\'{e} and Ella W. R. Compaore and Boureima Ouedraogo and Halidou Tinto and Marie Louise Newell and Kate Ward and Hermann Sorgho},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37673454/},

doi = {10.1136/BMJOPEN-2022-066509},

issn = {2044-6055},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {BMJ open},

volume = {13},

issue = {9},

publisher = {BMJ Open},

abstract = {The global burden of undernutrition remains high, responsible for significant under-five mortality in resource-limited settings. Numerous sustainable development goals (SDGs) are linked to nutrition, and nationally representative nutrition surveillance is a key activity to track progress towards SDGs and guide efficient programmes. Objectives The aim of this study is to look at spatial and temporal trends in undernutrition in children under 5 years age in Burkina Faso. Setting We used data from annual National Nutrition Surveys using Standardised Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions methodology (anthropometry, morbidity) over 7 years (2012-2018) in Burkina Faso. Participants Children of under 5 years from households selected through systemic sampling at countrywide level. Main outcome measures Prevalence of stunting (height-for-age z-score, \<-2), underweight (weight-for-age z-score, \<-2) and wasting (weight-for-height z-score, \<-2) at regional and national. We used general linear mixed models, adjusted by age, survey year, sex, presence of fever and/or diarrhoea, and poverty index to quantify the risk of undernutrition over time and by region of residence. Results Between 2012 and 2018, decreases were observed overall in the prevalence of growth retardation (stunting) decreased from 33.0% (95% CI 32.3 to 33.8) in 2012 to 26.7% (95% CI 26.2 to 27.3) in 2018. Underweight reduced from 24.4% (95% CI 23.7 to 25.1) to 18.7% (95% CI 18.2 to 19.2) for the same period and wasting decreased from 10.8% (95% CI 10.3 to 11.3) in 2012 to 8.4% (95% CI 8.1 to 8.8) in 2018. However, there was substantial variation across the country, with increased risk of undernutrition in the regions of Sahel, East and Cascades primarily. High-risk regions were characterised by a lower poverty index and limited access to healthcare services. Conclusions Our findings could inform national policymakers in refining and optimising resource allocation based on the identification of high-risk areas.},

keywords = {{Author(firstnames='Ad\'{e}la\"{i}de', Author(firstnames='Aminata', Author(firstnames='Caroline', Author(firstnames='Cornelius', Author(firstnames='Daniella', Author(firstnames='Doreen', Author(firstnames='Edith', Author(firstnames='Engelbert', Author(firstnames='Esmond W', Author(firstnames='James', Author(firstnames='Josephine', Author(firstnames='Kadija', Author(firstnames='Karim', Author(firstnames='Keith', Author(firstnames='Marie-Louise', Author(firstnames='Mark', Author(firstnames='Mary', Author(firstnames='Maxwell', Author(firstnames='Michael', Author(firstnames='Paul', Author(firstnames='Paula', Author(firstnames='Polly', Author(firstnames='Samuel', Author(firstnames='Sarah', Author(firstnames='Shane A', Author(firstnames='Stephanie', Author(firstnames='Winfred', Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Cachexia, Child, CollabAuthor(name='INPreP Study Group', Growth Disorders / epidemiology, Humans, Malnutrition* / epidemiology, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nutrition Surveys, Palwende Romuald Boua, PMC10496659, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Thinness* / epidemiology, Toussaint Rouamba},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Neyer2023,

title = {Exploring the host factors affecting asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection: insights from a rural Burkina Faso study},

author = {Peter J. Neyer and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Christos T. Nakas and Britta Hartmann and Annelies Post and Salou Diallo and Halidou Tinto and Angelika Hammerer-Lercher and Carlo R. Largiad\`{e}r and Andre J. Ven and Andreas R. Huber},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37658365/},

doi = {10.1186/S12936-023-04686-0},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Malaria journal},

volume = {22},

issue = {1},

publisher = {Malar J},

abstract = {Background: Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia forms a reservoir for the transmission of malaria disease in West Africa. Certain haemoglobin variants are known to protect against severe malaria infection. However, data on the potential roles of haemoglobin variants and nongenetic factors in asymptomatic malaria infection is scarce and controversial. Therefore, this study investigated the associations of iron homeostasis, inflammation, nutrition, and haemoglobin mutations with parasitaemia in an asymptomatic cohort from a P. falciparum-endemic region during the high transmission season. Methods: A sub-study population of 688 asymptomatic individuals (predominantly children and adolescents under 15 years},

keywords = {Adolescent, Andreas R Huber, Asymptomatic Infections / epidemiology, B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e}, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Child, doi:10.1186/s12936-023-04686-0, Falciparum* / epidemiology, hemoglobin, Hepcidins*, Humans, Malaria, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Peter J Neyer, Plasmodium falciparum / genetics, PMC10474782, pmid:37658365, PubMed Abstract, Sickle},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}