@article{nokey,

title = {Monitoring the elimination of \textit{gambiense} human African trypanosomiasis in the historical focus of Bati\'{e}, South\textendashWest Burkina Faso},

author = {Charlie Franck Alfred Compaor\'{e} and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Lian Francesca Thomas and Laura Cristina Falzon and Mohamed Bamba and Hassane Sakande and Minay\'{e}gninrin Kon\'{e} and Dramane Kaba and Clarisse Bougouma and Ilboudo Adama and Ouedraogo Amathe and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem and Eric Maurice F\`{e}vre and Philippe B\"{u}scher and Veerle Lejon and Vincent Jamonneau},

url = {https://www.parasite-journal.org/10.1051/parasite/2022024},

doi = {10.1051/parasite/2022024},

issn = {1776-1042},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Parasite},

volume = {29},

pages = {25},

abstract = {\<p\> The World Health Organisation has targeted the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) as zero transmission by 2030. Continued surveillance needs to be in place for early detection of re-emergent cases. In this context, the performance of diagnostic tests and testing algorithms for detection of the re-emergence of \<italic\>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense\</italic\> HAT remains to be assessed. We carried out a door-to-door active medical survey for HAT in the historical focus of Bati\'{e}, South\textendashWest Burkina Faso. Screening was done using three rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Two laboratory tests (ELISA/ \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> and immune trypanolysis) and parasitological examination were performed on RDT positives only. In total, 5883 participants were screened, among which 842 (14%) tested positive in at least one RDT. Blood from 519 RDT positives was examined microscopically but no trypanosomes were observed. The HAT Sero- \<italic\>K\</italic\> -Set test showed the lowest specificity of 89%, while the specificities of SD Bioline HAT and rHAT Sero-Strip were 92% and 99%, respectively. The specificity of ELISA/ \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> and trypanolysis was 99% (98\textendash99%) and 100% (99\textendash100%), respectively. Our results suggest that \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> is no longer circulating in the study area and that zero transmission has probably been attained. While a least cost analysis is still required, our study showed that RDT preselection followed by trypanolysis may be a useful strategy for post-elimination surveillance in Burkina Faso. \</p\>},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, Diagnosis, Dried blood spot, Elimination, Human African trypanosomiasis, Rapid diagnostic test, Specificity, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Somda2022,

title = {Evaluation of antibody responses to tsetse fly saliva in domestic animals in the sleeping sickness endemic foci of Bonon and Sinfra, C\^{o}te d'Ivoire},

author = {Martin Bienvenu Somda and Martial Kassi N'Djetchi and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Emilie Dama and Soudah Boma and Fabrice Courtin and Anne Poinsignon and Zakaria Bengaly and Franck Remou\'{e} and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem and Bruno Bucheton and Vincent Jamonneau and Mathurin Koffi},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405939022000892},

doi = {10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100773},

issn = {24059390},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports},

volume = {34},

issue = {2},

pages = {100773},

address = {Switzerland},

abstract = {After intensive control efforts, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) was declared eliminated in C\^{o}te d'Ivoire as a public health problem in December 2020 and the current objective is to achieve the interruption of the transmission (zero cases). Reaching this objective could be hindered by the existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei (b.) gambiense. In the framework of a study led in 2013 to assess the role of domestic animals in the epidemiology of HAT in the two last active foci from C\^{o}te d'Ivoire (Bonon and Sinfra), plasmas were sampled from four species of domestic animals for parasitological (microscopic examination by the buffy coat technique (BCT)), serological (immune trypanolysis (TL)) and molecular (specific PCR: TBR for T. brucei s.l., TCF for T. congolense forest type, TVW for T. vivax and PCR for T. b. gambiense) testing. In order to improve the understanding of the involvement/role of these animals in the transmission of T. b. gambiense, we have quantified in this study the IgG response to whole saliva extracts of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in order to perform an association analysis between anti-saliva responses and the positivity of diagnostic tests. Cattle and pigs had significantly higher rates of anti-tsetse saliva responses compared to goats and sheep (p \< 0.01). In addition, the anti-tsetse saliva responses were strongly associated with the parasitology (BCT+), serology (TL+) and PCR (TBR+ and TCF+) results (p \< 0.001). These associations indicate a high level of contacts between the positive/infected animals and tsetse flies. Our findings suggest that protecting cattle and pigs against tsetse bites could have a significant impact in reducing transmission of both animal and human trypanosome species, and advocates for a "One health" approach to better control African trypanosomosis in C\^{o}te d'Ivoire.},

keywords = {Animal reservoirs, Biomarker of exposure, C\^{o}te d'Ivoire, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Tsetse fly},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Analytical sensitivity of loopamp and quantitative real-time PCR on dried blood spots and their potential role in monitoring human African trypanosomiasis elimination.},

author = {Charlie Franck Alfred Compaor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Justin Windingoudi Kabor\'{e} and Oumou Camara and Mohamed Bamba and Hassane Sakande and Minay\'{e}gninrin Kon\'{e} and Mamadou Camara and Dramane Kaba and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem and Stijn Deborggraeve and Philippe B\"{u}scher and Bruno Bucheton and Veerle Lejon and Vincent Jamonneau},

doi = {10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108014},

issn = {1090-2449 0014-4894},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-01},

urldate = {2020-12-01},

journal = {Experimental parasitology},

volume = {219},

pages = {108014},

address = {United States},

abstract = {The objective set by WHO to reach elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) as a public health problem by 2020 is being achieved. The next target is the interruption of gambiense-HAT transmission in humans by 2030. To monitor progress towards this target, in areas where specialized local HAT control capacities will disappear, is a major challenge. Test specimens should be easily collectable and safely transportable such as dried blood spots (DBS). Monitoring tests performed in regional reference centres should be reliable, cheap and allow analysis of large numbers of specimens in a high-throughput format. The aim of this study was to assess the analytical sensitivity of Loopamp, M18S quantitative real-time PCR (M18S qPCR) and TgsGP qPCR as molecular diagnostic tests for the presence of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in DBS. The sensitivity of the Loopamp test, with a detection limit of 100 trypanosomes/mL, was in the range of parasitaemias commonly observed in HAT patients, while detection limits for M18S and TgsGP qPCR were respectively 1000 and 10,000 trypanosomes/mL. None of the tests was entirely suitable for high-throughput use and further development and implementation of sensitive high-throughput molecular tools for monitoring HAT elimination are needed.},

keywords = {African/blood/diagnosis/*prevention \& control, Algorithms, Animals, Blood Specimen Collection/methods/standards, Diagnosis, DNA, Dried blood spots, Feasibility, High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods/standards, Humans, Loopamp, Mice, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/*standards, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/*standards, Protozoan/isolation \& purification, Quantitative real-time PCR, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods/*standards, Sensitivity, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specimen Handling/methods/standards, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/genetics/*isolation \& purification, Trypanosomiasis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}