@article{Post2021-zl,

title = {Infection Manager System (IMS) as a new hemocytometry-based  bacteremia detection tool: A diagnostic accuracy study in a  malaria-endemic area of Burkina Faso},

author = {Annelies Post and Berenger Kabor\'{e} and Joel Bognini and Salou Diallo and Palpouguini Lompo and Basile Kam and Natacha Herssens and Fred Opzeeland and Christa E Gaast-de Jongh and Jeroen D Langereis and Marien I Jonge and Janette Rahamat-Langendoen and Teun Bousema and Heiman Wertheim and Robert W Sauerwein and Halidou Tinto and Jan Jacobs and Quirijn Mast and Andre J Ven},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0009187},

issn = {1935-2735 1935-2727},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-01},

urldate = {2021-03-01},

journal = {PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.},

volume = {15},

number = {3},

pages = {e0009187},

publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: New hemocytometric parameters can be used to 

 differentiate causes of acute febrile illness (AFI). We 

 evaluated a software algorithm-Infection Manager System 

 (IMS)-which uses hemocytometric data generated by Sysmex 

 hematology analyzers, for its accuracy to detect bacteremia in 

 AFI patients with and without malaria in Burkina Faso. Secondary 

 aims included comparing the accuracy of IMS with C-reactive 

 protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). METHODS: In a prospective 

 observational study, patients of $geq$ three-month-old (range 3 

 months- 90 years) presenting with AFI were enrolled. IMS, blood 

 culture and malaria diagnostics were done upon inclusion and 

 additional diagnostics on clinical indication. CRP, PCT, viral 

 multiplex PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs and bacterial- and malaria 

 PCR were batch-tested retrospectively. Diagnostic classification 

 was done retrospectively using all available data except IMS, 

 CRP and PCT results. FINDINGS: A diagnosis was affirmed in 549/914 (60.1%) patients and included malaria (n = 191) bacteremia (n = 69), viral infections (n = 145), and malaria-bacteremia co-infections (n = 47). The overall 

 sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 

 IMS for detection of bacteremia in patients of $geq$ 5 years 

 were 97.0% (95% CI: 89.8-99.6), 68.2% (95% CI: 55.6-79.1) 

 and 95.7% (95% CI: 85.5-99.5) respectively, compared to 93.9% 

 (95% CI: 85.2-98.3), 39.4% (95% CI: 27.6-52.2), and 86.7% 

 (95% CI: 69.3-96.2) for CRP at $geq$20mg/L. The sensitivity, 

 specificity and NPV of PCT at 0.5 ng/ml were lower at 

 respectively 72.7% (95% CI: 60.4-83.0), 50.0% (95% CI: 

 37.4-62.6) and 64.7% (95% CI: 50.1-77.6) The diagnostic 

 accuracy of IMS was lower among malaria cases and patients \<5 

 years but remained equal to- or higher than the accuracy of CRP. 

 INTERPRETATION: IMS is a new diagnostic tool to differentiate 

 causes of AFI. Its high NPV for bacteremia has the potential to 

 improve antibiotic dispensing practices in healthcare facilities 

 with hematology analyzers. Future studies are needed to evaluate 

 whether IMS, combined with malaria diagnostics, may be used to 

 rationalize antimicrobial prescription in malaria endemic areas. 

 TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02669823) 

 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02669823.},

note = {PMID: 33647009 

PMCID: PMC7951874},

keywords = {Adolescent, Automation, Bacteremia/diagnosis, Burkina Faso, C-Reactive Protein/analysis, Child, Coinfection/diagnosis/microbiology/parasitology, Female, Fever of Unknown Origin/diagnosis, Humans, Infant, Laboratory/methods, Malaria/diagnosis, Male, Preschool, Procalcitonin/analysis, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Software, Virus Diseases/diagnosis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Analytical sensitivity of loopamp and quantitative real-time PCR on dried blood spots and their potential role in monitoring human African trypanosomiasis elimination.},

author = {Charlie Franck Alfred Compaor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Justin Windingoudi Kabor\'{e} and Oumou Camara and Mohamed Bamba and Hassane Sakande and Minay\'{e}gninrin Kon\'{e} and Mamadou Camara and Dramane Kaba and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem and Stijn Deborggraeve and Philippe B\"{u}scher and Bruno Bucheton and Veerle Lejon and Vincent Jamonneau},

doi = {10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108014},

issn = {1090-2449 0014-4894},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-01},

urldate = {2020-12-01},

journal = {Experimental parasitology},

volume = {219},

pages = {108014},

address = {United States},

abstract = {The objective set by WHO to reach elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) as a public health problem by 2020 is being achieved. The next target is the interruption of gambiense-HAT transmission in humans by 2030. To monitor progress towards this target, in areas where specialized local HAT control capacities will disappear, is a major challenge. Test specimens should be easily collectable and safely transportable such as dried blood spots (DBS). Monitoring tests performed in regional reference centres should be reliable, cheap and allow analysis of large numbers of specimens in a high-throughput format. The aim of this study was to assess the analytical sensitivity of Loopamp, M18S quantitative real-time PCR (M18S qPCR) and TgsGP qPCR as molecular diagnostic tests for the presence of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in DBS. The sensitivity of the Loopamp test, with a detection limit of 100 trypanosomes/mL, was in the range of parasitaemias commonly observed in HAT patients, while detection limits for M18S and TgsGP qPCR were respectively 1000 and 10,000 trypanosomes/mL. None of the tests was entirely suitable for high-throughput use and further development and implementation of sensitive high-throughput molecular tools for monitoring HAT elimination are needed.},

keywords = {African/blood/diagnosis/*prevention \& control, Algorithms, Animals, Blood Specimen Collection/methods/standards, Diagnosis, DNA, Dried blood spots, Feasibility, High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods/standards, Humans, Loopamp, Mice, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/*standards, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/*standards, Protozoan/isolation \& purification, Quantitative real-time PCR, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods/*standards, Sensitivity, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specimen Handling/methods/standards, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/genetics/*isolation \& purification, Trypanosomiasis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}