Publications

" Our main objective is to develop and maintain over time a good expertise and infrastructure ensuring high quality training and clinical research."
Prof Halidou TINTO, PharmD, Msc, PhD Head of the CRUN

2024
Journal Articles
	Houreratou Barry, Edouard Lhomme, Mathieu Surénaud, Moumini Nouctara, Cynthia Robinson, Viki Bockstal, Innocent Valea, Serge Somda, Halidou Tinto, Nicolas Meda, Brian Greenwood, Rodolphe Thiébaut, Christine Lacabaratz Helminth exposure and immune response to the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen Journal Article In: PLoS neglected tropical diseases, vol. 18, iss. 4, 2024, ISSN: 1935-2735. Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Aged, Animals, Antibodies, Child, Christine Lacabaratz, Cytokines / immunology, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011500, Ebola Vaccines* / administration & dosage, Ebola Vaccines* / immunology, Ebola* / immunology, Ebola* / prevention & control, Ebolavirus / genetics, Ebolavirus / immunology, Edouard Lhomme, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Helminth / blood, Helminthiasis / immunology, Helminthiasis / prevention & control, Helminths / genetics, Helminths / immunology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Houreratou Barry, Humans, Immunoglobulin G / blood, Male, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, PMC11037528, pmid:38603720, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Viral* / blood, Young Adult \| Links: Close Close @article{Barry2024, title = {Helminth exposure and immune response to the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen}, author = {Houreratou Barry and Edouard Lhomme and Mathieu Sur\'{e}naud and Moumini Nouctara and Cynthia Robinson and Viki Bockstal and Innocent Valea and Serge Somda and Halidou Tinto and Nicolas Meda and Brian Greenwood and Rodolphe Thi\'{e}baut and Christine Lacabaratz}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38603720/}, doi = {10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0011500}, issn = {1935-2735}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases}, volume = {18}, issue = {4}, publisher = {PLoS Negl Trop Dis}, abstract = {Background The exposure to parasites may influence the immune response to vaccines in endemic African countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between helminth exposure to the most prevalent parasitic infections, schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminths infection and filariasis, and the Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) antibody concentration in response to vaccination with the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen in African and European participants using samples obtained from three international clinical trials. Methods/Principal findings We conducted a study in a subset of participants in the EBL2001, EBL2002 and EBL3001 clinical trials that evaluated the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen against EVD in children, adolescents and adults from the United Kingdom, France, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Kenya, Uganda and Sierra Leone. Immune markers of helminth exposure at baseline were evaluated by ELISA with three commercial kits which detect IgG antibodies against schistosome, filarial and Strongyloides antigens. Luminex technology was used to measure inflammatory and activation markers, and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines at baseline. The association between binding IgG antibodies specific to EBOV GP (measured on day 21 post-dose 2 and on Day 365 after the first dose respectively), and helminth exposure at baseline was evaluated using a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age and study group. Seventy-eight (21.3%) of the 367 participants included in the study had at least one helminth positive ELISA test at baseline, with differences of prevalence between studies and an increased prevalence with age. The most frequently detected antibodies were those to Schistosoma mansoni (10.9%), followed by Acanthocheilonema viteae (9%) and then Strongyloides ratti (7.9%). Among the 41 immunological analytes tested, five were significantly (p \< .003) lower in participants with at least one positive helminth ELISA test result: CCL2/MCP1, FGFbasic, IL-7, IL-13 and CCL11/Eotaxin compared to participants with negative helminth ELISA tests. No significant association was found with EBOV-GP specific antibody concentration at 21 days post-dose 2, or at 365 days post-dose 1, adjusted for age group, study, and the presence of any helminth antibodies at baseline. Conclusions/Significance No clear association was found between immune markers of helminth exposure as measured by ELISA and post-vaccination response to the Ebola Ad26.ZEBOV/ MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen. Trial registration NCT02416453, NCT02564523, NCT02509494. ClinicalTrials.gov.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Aged, Animals, Antibodies, Child, Christine Lacabaratz, Cytokines / immunology, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011500, Ebola Vaccines* / administration \& dosage, Ebola Vaccines* / immunology, Ebola* / immunology, Ebola* / prevention \& control, Ebolavirus / genetics, Ebolavirus / immunology, Edouard Lhomme, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Helminth / blood, Helminthiasis / immunology, Helminthiasis / prevention \& control, Helminths / genetics, Helminths / immunology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Houreratou Barry, Humans, Immunoglobulin G / blood, Male, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, PMC11037528, pmid:38603720, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Viral* / blood, Young Adult}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close Background The exposure to parasites may influence the immune response to vaccines in endemic African countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between helminth exposure to the most prevalent parasitic infections, schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminths infection and filariasis, and the Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) antibody concentration in response to vaccination with the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen in African and European participants using samples obtained from three international clinical trials. Methods/Principal findings We conducted a study in a subset of participants in the EBL2001, EBL2002 and EBL3001 clinical trials that evaluated the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen against EVD in children, adolescents and adults from the United Kingdom, France, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Kenya, Uganda and Sierra Leone. Immune markers of helminth exposure at baseline were evaluated by ELISA with three commercial kits which detect IgG antibodies against schistosome, filarial and Strongyloides antigens. Luminex technology was used to measure inflammatory and activation markers, and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines at baseline. The association between binding IgG antibodies specific to EBOV GP (measured on day 21 post-dose 2 and on Day 365 after the first dose respectively), and helminth exposure at baseline was evaluated using a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age and study group. Seventy-eight (21.3%) of the 367 participants included in the study had at least one helminth positive ELISA test at baseline, with differences of prevalence between studies and an increased prevalence with age. The most frequently detected antibodies were those to Schistosoma mansoni (10.9%), followed by Acanthocheilonema viteae (9%) and then Strongyloides ratti (7.9%). Among the 41 immunological analytes tested, five were significantly (p < .003) lower in participants with at least one positive helminth ELISA test result: CCL2/MCP1, FGFbasic, IL-7, IL-13 and CCL11/Eotaxin compared to participants with negative helminth ELISA tests. No significant association was found with EBOV-GP specific antibody concentration at 21 days post-dose 2, or at 365 days post-dose 1, adjusted for age group, study, and the presence of any helminth antibodies at baseline. Conclusions/Significance No clear association was found between immune markers of helminth exposure as measured by ELISA and post-vaccination response to the Ebola Ad26.ZEBOV/ MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen. Trial registration NCT02416453, NCT02564523, NCT02509494. ClinicalTrials.gov. Close
	Peter J. Neyer, Bérenger Kaboré, Christos T. Nakas, Salou Diallo, Halidou Tinto, Annelies Post, Andre J. Ven, Andreas R. Huber, Carlo R. Largiadèr, Angelika Hammerer-Lercher Increased erythroferrone levels in malarial anaemia Journal Article In: British journal of haematology, vol. 204, iss. 5, pp. 2066-2070, 2024, ISSN: 1365-2141. Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: Anemia, Anemia / blood, Anemia / etiology, Angelika Hammerer-Lercher, Animals, Bérenger Kaboré, Biomarkers* / blood, doi:10.1111/bjh.19309, Female, Hepcidins / blood, Humans, Iron / blood, Iron / metabolism, Iron-Deficiency / blood, Malaria* / blood, Malaria* / complications, Male, MEDLINE, Mice, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Peptide Hormones* / blood, Peter J Neyer, pmid:38279554, PubMed Abstract \| Links: Close Close @article{Neyer2024, title = {Increased erythroferrone levels in malarial anaemia}, author = {Peter J. Neyer and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Christos T. Nakas and Salou Diallo and Halidou Tinto and Annelies Post and Andre J. Ven and Andreas R. Huber and Carlo R. Largiad\`{e}r and Angelika Hammerer-Lercher}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38279554/}, doi = {10.1111/BJH.19309}, issn = {1365-2141}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {British journal of haematology}, volume = {204}, issue = {5}, pages = {2066-2070}, publisher = {Br J Haematol}, abstract = {We assessed the diagnostic potential of erythroferrone as a biomarker for iron homeostasis comparing iron deficiency cases with anaemia of inflammation and controls. The dysregulation of the hepcidin axis was observed by Latour et al. in a mouse model of malarial anaemia induced by prolonged Plasmodium infection leading to increased erythroferrone concentrations. In line with that, we found significantly higher erythroferrone levels in cases with malaria and anaemia in an African population, compared to asymptomatic controls. Therefore, our findings extend the previous ones of the mouse model, suggesting also a dysregulation of the hepcidin axis in humans, which should be further corroborated in prospective studies and may lay the basis for the development of improved treatment strategies according to ERFE concentrations in such patients.}, keywords = {Anemia, Anemia / blood, Anemia / etiology, Angelika Hammerer-Lercher, Animals, B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e}, Biomarkers* / blood, doi:10.1111/bjh.19309, Female, Hepcidins / blood, Humans, Iron / blood, Iron / metabolism, Iron-Deficiency / blood, Malaria* / blood, Malaria* / complications, Male, MEDLINE, Mice, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Peptide Hormones* / blood, Peter J Neyer, pmid:38279554, PubMed Abstract}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close We assessed the diagnostic potential of erythroferrone as a biomarker for iron homeostasis comparing iron deficiency cases with anaemia of inflammation and controls. The dysregulation of the hepcidin axis was observed by Latour et al. in a mouse model of malarial anaemia induced by prolonged Plasmodium infection leading to increased erythroferrone concentrations. In line with that, we found significantly higher erythroferrone levels in cases with malaria and anaemia in an African population, compared to asymptomatic controls. Therefore, our findings extend the previous ones of the mouse model, suggesting also a dysregulation of the hepcidin axis in humans, which should be further corroborated in prospective studies and may lay the basis for the development of improved treatment strategies according to ERFE concentrations in such patients. Close
2023
Journal Articles
	Oumou Camara, Mamadou Camara, Laura Cristina Falzon, Hamidou Ilboudo, Jacques Kaboré, Charlie Franck Alfred Compaoré, Eric Maurice Fèvre, Philippe Büscher, Bruno Bucheton, Veerle Lejon Performance of clinical signs and symptoms, rapid and reference laboratory diagnostic tests for diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis by passive screening in Guinea: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study Journal Article In: Infectious diseases of poverty, vol. 12, iss. 1, 2023, ISSN: 2049-9957. Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: African, Animals, Clinical Trial, Diagnostic Tests, doi:10.1186/s40249-023-01076-1, Guinea, Humans, Mamadou Camara, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Oumou Camara, PMC10026442, pmid:36941656, Prospective Studies, PubMed Abstract, Routine, Sensitivity and Specificity, Trypanosomiasis, Veerle Lejon \| Links: Close Close @article{Camara2023, title = {Performance of clinical signs and symptoms, rapid and reference laboratory diagnostic tests for diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis by passive screening in Guinea: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study}, author = {Oumou Camara and Mamadou Camara and Laura Cristina Falzon and Hamidou Ilboudo and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Charlie Franck Alfred Compaor\'{e} and Eric Maurice F\`{e}vre and Philippe B\"{u}scher and Bruno Bucheton and Veerle Lejon}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36941656/}, doi = {10.1186/S40249-023-01076-1}, issn = {2049-9957}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-01}, journal = {Infectious diseases of poverty}, volume = {12}, issue = {1}, publisher = {Infect Dis Poverty}, abstract = {Background: Passive diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) at the health facility level is a major component of HAT control in Guinea. We examined which clinical signs and symptoms are associated with HAT, and assessed the performance of selected clinical presentations, of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), and of reference laboratory tests on dried blood spots (DBS) for diagnosing HAT in Guinea. Method: The study took place in 14 health facilities in Guinea, where 2345 clinical suspects were tested with RDTs (HAT Sero-K-Set, rHAT Sero-Strip, and SD Bioline HAT). Seropositives underwent parasitological examination (reference test) to confirm HAT and their DBS were tested in indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)/Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, trypanolysis, Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei Detection kit (LAMP) and m18S quantitative PCR (qPCR). Multivariable regression analysis assessed association of clinical presentation with HAT. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of key clinical presentations, of the RDTs and of the DBS tests for HAT diagnosis were determined. Results: The HAT prevalence, as confirmed parasitologically, was 2.0% (48/2345, 95% CI: 1.5\textendash2.7%). Odds ratios (OR) for HAT were increased for participants with swollen lymph nodes (OR = 96.7, 95% CI: 20.7\textendash452.0), important weight loss (OR = 20.4, 95% CI: 7.05\textendash58.9), severe itching (OR = 45.9, 95% CI: 7.3\textendash288.7) or motor disorders (OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 0.89\textendash22.5). Presence of at least one of these clinical presentations was 75.6% (95% CI: 73.8\textendash77.4%) specific and 97.9% (95% CI: 88.9\textendash99.9%) sensitive for HAT. HAT Sero-K-Set, rHAT Sero-Strip, and SD Bioline HAT were respectively 97.5% (95% CI: 96.8\textendash98.1%), 99.4% (95% CI: 99.0\textendash99.7%) and 97.9% (95% CI: 97.2\textendash98.4%) specific, and 100% (95% CI: 92.5\textendash100.0%), 59.6% (95% CI: 44.3\textendash73.3%) and 93.8% (95% CI: 82.8\textendash98.7%) sensitive for HAT. The RDT’s positive and negative predictive values ranged from 45.2\textendash66.7% and 99.2\textendash100% respectively. All DBS tests had specificities ≥ 92.9%. While LAMP and m18S qPCR sensitivities were below 50%, trypanolysis and ELISA/T.b. gambiense had sensitivities of 85.3% (95% CI: 68.9\textendash95.0%) and 67.6% (95% CI: 49.5\textendash82.6%). Conclusions: Presence of swollen lymph nodes, important weight loss, severe itching or motor disorders are simple but accurate clinical criteria for HAT referral in HAT endemic areas in Guinea. Diagnostic performances of HAT Sero-K-Set and SD Bioline HAT are sufficient for referring positives to microscopy. Trypanolysis on DBS may discriminate HAT patients from false RDT positives. Trial registration The trial was registered under NCT03356665 in clinicaltrials.gov (November 29, 2017, retrospectively registered https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03356665) Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].}, keywords = {African, Animals, Clinical Trial, Diagnostic Tests, doi:10.1186/s40249-023-01076-1, Guinea, Humans, Mamadou Camara, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Oumou Camara, PMC10026442, pmid:36941656, Prospective Studies, PubMed Abstract, Routine, Sensitivity and Specificity, Trypanosomiasis, Veerle Lejon}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close Background: Passive diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) at the health facility level is a major component of HAT control in Guinea. We examined which clinical signs and symptoms are associated with HAT, and assessed the performance of selected clinical presentations, of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), and of reference laboratory tests on dried blood spots (DBS) for diagnosing HAT in Guinea. Method: The study took place in 14 health facilities in Guinea, where 2345 clinical suspects were tested with RDTs (HAT Sero-K-Set, rHAT Sero-Strip, and SD Bioline HAT). Seropositives underwent parasitological examination (reference test) to confirm HAT and their DBS were tested in indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)/Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, trypanolysis, Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei Detection kit (LAMP) and m18S quantitative PCR (qPCR). Multivariable regression analysis assessed association of clinical presentation with HAT. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of key clinical presentations, of the RDTs and of the DBS tests for HAT diagnosis were determined. Results: The HAT prevalence, as confirmed parasitologically, was 2.0% (48/2345, 95% CI: 1.5–2.7%). Odds ratios (OR) for HAT were increased for participants with swollen lymph nodes (OR = 96.7, 95% CI: 20.7–452.0), important weight loss (OR = 20.4, 95% CI: 7.05–58.9), severe itching (OR = 45.9, 95% CI: 7.3–288.7) or motor disorders (OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 0.89–22.5). Presence of at least one of these clinical presentations was 75.6% (95% CI: 73.8–77.4%) specific and 97.9% (95% CI: 88.9–99.9%) sensitive for HAT. HAT Sero-K-Set, rHAT Sero-Strip, and SD Bioline HAT were respectively 97.5% (95% CI: 96.8–98.1%), 99.4% (95% CI: 99.0–99.7%) and 97.9% (95% CI: 97.2–98.4%) specific, and 100% (95% CI: 92.5–100.0%), 59.6% (95% CI: 44.3–73.3%) and 93.8% (95% CI: 82.8–98.7%) sensitive for HAT. The RDT’s positive and negative predictive values ranged from 45.2–66.7% and 99.2–100% respectively. All DBS tests had specificities ≥ 92.9%. While LAMP and m18S qPCR sensitivities were below 50%, trypanolysis and ELISA/T.b. gambiense had sensitivities of 85.3% (95% CI: 68.9–95.0%) and 67.6% (95% CI: 49.5–82.6%). Conclusions: Presence of swollen lymph nodes, important weight loss, severe itching or motor disorders are simple but accurate clinical criteria for HAT referral in HAT endemic areas in Guinea. Diagnostic performances of HAT Sero-K-Set and SD Bioline HAT are sufficient for referring positives to microscopy. Trypanolysis on DBS may discriminate HAT patients from false RDT positives. Trial registration The trial was registered under NCT03356665 in clinicaltrials.gov (November 29, 2017, retrospectively registered https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03356665) Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. Close
	Zakaria Garba, Isidore O. J. Bonkoungou, Nadège O. Millogo, H. Magloire Natama, Pingdwendé A. P. Vokouma, Massa A. Bonko, Ibrahima Karama, Lagmêyesgo A. W. Tiendrebeogo, Kaisa Haukka, Halidou Tinto, Lassana Sangaré, Nicolas Barro Wastewater from healthcare centers in Burkina Faso is a source of ESBL, AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Journal Article In: BMC microbiology, vol. 23, iss. 1, 2023, ISSN: 1471-2180. Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology, bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, beta-Lactamases, Burkina Faso, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, doi:10.1186/s12866-023-03108-0, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections / microbiology, Humans, Isidore O J Bonkoungou, Klebsiella pneumoniae, MEDLINE, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, Nicolas Barro, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, PMC10655474, pmid:37978428, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Wastewater, Zakaria Garba \| Links: Close Close @article{Garba2023, title = {Wastewater from healthcare centers in Burkina Faso is a source of ESBL, AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae}, author = {Zakaria Garba and Isidore O. J. Bonkoungou and Nad\`{e}ge O. Millogo and H. Magloire Natama and Pingdwend\'{e} A. P. Vokouma and Massa A. Bonko and Ibrahima Karama and Lagm\^{e}yesgo A. W. Tiendrebeogo and Kaisa Haukka and Halidou Tinto and Lassana Sangar\'{e} and Nicolas Barro}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37978428/}, doi = {10.1186/S12866-023-03108-0}, issn = {1471-2180}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-01}, journal = {BMC microbiology}, volume = {23}, issue = {1}, publisher = {BMC Microbiol}, abstract = {Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have spread into the environment worldwide posing a potential public health threat. However, the prevalence data for low- and middle-income countries are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of ESBL, AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing and multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae in wastewaters from healthcare centers in Burkina Faso. Results: Eighty-four (84) wastewater samples were collected from five healthcare centers and plated on selective ESBL ChromAgar. E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were identified using API20E. ESBL-producing bacteria were detected in 97.6% of the samples and their average concentration per hospital ranged from 1.10 × 105 to 5.23 × 106 CFU/mL. Out of 170 putative ESBL-producing isolates (64% of them were E. coli) and 51 putative AmpC-β-lactamase-producing isolates, 95% and 45% were confirmed, respectively. Carbapenemase production was detected in 10 isolates, of which 6 were NDM producers, 3 were OXA-48 producers and 1 was NDM and OXA-48 producer. All isolates were multidrug resistant and, moreover, all of them were resistant to all tested β-lactams. Resistance to ESBL inhibitors was also common, up to 66% in E. coli and 62% in K. pneumoniae. Amikacin, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin were the antibiotics to which the least resistance was detected. Conclusions: This study showed that wastewater from healthcare centers constitutes a reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Burkina Faso, including carbapenemase producers. Untreated healthcare wastewater entering the environment exposes people and animals to infections caused by these multi-resistant bacteria, which are difficult to treat, especially in the resource-poor settings.}, keywords = {Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology, bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, beta-Lactamases, Burkina Faso, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, doi:10.1186/s12866-023-03108-0, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections / microbiology, Humans, Isidore O J Bonkoungou, Klebsiella pneumoniae, MEDLINE, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, Nicolas Barro, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, PMC10655474, pmid:37978428, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Wastewater, Zakaria Garba}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have spread into the environment worldwide posing a potential public health threat. However, the prevalence data for low- and middle-income countries are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of ESBL, AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing and multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae in wastewaters from healthcare centers in Burkina Faso. Results: Eighty-four (84) wastewater samples were collected from five healthcare centers and plated on selective ESBL ChromAgar. E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were identified using API20E. ESBL-producing bacteria were detected in 97.6% of the samples and their average concentration per hospital ranged from 1.10 × 105 to 5.23 × 106 CFU/mL. Out of 170 putative ESBL-producing isolates (64% of them were E. coli) and 51 putative AmpC-β-lactamase-producing isolates, 95% and 45% were confirmed, respectively. Carbapenemase production was detected in 10 isolates, of which 6 were NDM producers, 3 were OXA-48 producers and 1 was NDM and OXA-48 producer. All isolates were multidrug resistant and, moreover, all of them were resistant to all tested β-lactams. Resistance to ESBL inhibitors was also common, up to 66% in E. coli and 62% in K. pneumoniae. Amikacin, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin were the antibiotics to which the least resistance was detected. Conclusions: This study showed that wastewater from healthcare centers constitutes a reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Burkina Faso, including carbapenemase producers. Untreated healthcare wastewater entering the environment exposes people and animals to infections caused by these multi-resistant bacteria, which are difficult to treat, especially in the resource-poor settings. Close
2021
Journal Articles
	Koudraogo Bienvenue Yaméogo, Rakiswendé Serge Yerbanga, Seydou Bienvenu Ouattara, Franck A Yao, Thierry Lef`evre, Issaka Zongo, Frederic Niki`ema, Yves Daniel Compaoré, Halidou Tinto, Daniel Chandramohan, Brian Greenwood, Adrien M G Belem, Anna Cohuet, Jean Bosco Ouédraogo Effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention plus azithromycin on Plasmodium falciparum transmission: gametocyte infectivity and mosquito fitness Journal Article In: Malar. J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 326, 2021, ISSN: 1475-2875, (© 2021. The Author(s). PMID: 34315475 PMCID: PMC8314489). Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: Amodiaquine/administration & dosage, Animals, Antimalarials/administration & dosage, Chemoprevention, Child, Culicidae/physiology, Drug Combinations, Falciparum/prevention & control/transmission, Gametocytes, Genetic Fitness, Humans, Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum/physiology, Preschool, Pyrimethamine/administration & dosage, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, Seasons, Sulfadoxine/administration & dosage, Transmission \| Links: Close Close @article{Yameogo2021-bb, title = {Effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention plus azithromycin on Plasmodium falciparum transmission: gametocyte infectivity and mosquito fitness}, author = {Koudraogo Bienvenue Yam\'{e}ogo and Rakiswend\'{e} Serge Yerbanga and Seydou Bienvenu Ouattara and Franck A Yao and Thierry Lef`evre and Issaka Zongo and Frederic Niki`ema and Yves Daniel Compaor\'{e} and Halidou Tinto and Daniel Chandramohan and Brian Greenwood and Adrien M G Belem and Anna Cohuet and Jean Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo}, doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03855-3}, issn = {1475-2875}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-27}, urldate = {2021-07-27}, journal = {Malar. J.}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {326}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) consists of administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) + amodiaquine (AQ) at monthly intervals to children during the malaria transmission period. Whether the addition of azithromycin (AZ) to SMC could potentiate the benefit of the intervention was tested through a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The effect of SMC and the addition of AZ, on malaria transmission and on the life history traits of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes have been investigated. METHODS: The study included 438 children randomly selected from among participants in the SMC + AZ trial and 198 children from the same area who did not receive chemoprevention. For each participant in the SMC + AZ trial, blood was collected 14 to 21 days post treatment, examined for the presence of malaria sexual and asexual stages and provided as a blood meal to An. gambiae females using a direct membrane-feeding assay. RESULTS: The SMC treatment, with or without AZ, significantly reduced the prevalence of asexual Plasmodium falciparum (LRT X(2)(2) = 69, P \< 0.0001) and the gametocyte prevalence (LRT X(2)(2) = 54, P \< 0.0001). In addition, the proportion of infectious feeds (LRT X(2)(2) = 61, P \< 0.0001) and the prevalence of oocysts among exposed mosquitoes (LRT X(2)(2) = 22.8, P \< 0.001) was reduced when mosquitoes were fed on blood from treated children compared to untreated controls. The addition of AZ to SPAQ was associated with an increased proportion of infectious feeds (LRT X(2)(1) = 5.2, P = 0.02), suggesting a significant effect of AZ on gametocyte infectivity. There was a slight negative effect of SPAQ and SPAQ + AZ on mosquito survival compared to mosquitoes fed with blood from control children (LRTX(2)(2) = 330, P \< 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that SMC may contribute to a reduction in human to mosquito transmission of P. falciparum, and the reduced mosquito longevity observed for females fed on treated blood may increase the benefit of this intervention in control of malaria. The addition of AZ to SPAQ in SMC appeared to enhance the infectivity of gametocytes providing further evidence that this combination is not an appropriate intervention.}, note = {© 2021. The Author(s). PMID: 34315475 PMCID: PMC8314489}, keywords = {Amodiaquine/administration \& dosage, Animals, Antimalarials/administration \& dosage, Chemoprevention, Child, Culicidae/physiology, Drug Combinations, Falciparum/prevention \& control/transmission, Gametocytes, Genetic Fitness, Humans, Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum/physiology, Preschool, Pyrimethamine/administration \& dosage, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, Seasons, Sulfadoxine/administration \& dosage, Transmission}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close BACKGROUND: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) consists of administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) + amodiaquine (AQ) at monthly intervals to children during the malaria transmission period. Whether the addition of azithromycin (AZ) to SMC could potentiate the benefit of the intervention was tested through a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The effect of SMC and the addition of AZ, on malaria transmission and on the life history traits of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes have been investigated. METHODS: The study included 438 children randomly selected from among participants in the SMC + AZ trial and 198 children from the same area who did not receive chemoprevention. For each participant in the SMC + AZ trial, blood was collected 14 to 21 days post treatment, examined for the presence of malaria sexual and asexual stages and provided as a blood meal to An. gambiae females using a direct membrane-feeding assay. RESULTS: The SMC treatment, with or without AZ, significantly reduced the prevalence of asexual Plasmodium falciparum (LRT X(2)(2) = 69, P < 0.0001) and the gametocyte prevalence (LRT X(2)(2) = 54, P < 0.0001). In addition, the proportion of infectious feeds (LRT X(2)(2) = 61, P < 0.0001) and the prevalence of oocysts among exposed mosquitoes (LRT X(2)(2) = 22.8, P < 0.001) was reduced when mosquitoes were fed on blood from treated children compared to untreated controls. The addition of AZ to SPAQ was associated with an increased proportion of infectious feeds (LRT X(2)(1) = 5.2, P = 0.02), suggesting a significant effect of AZ on gametocyte infectivity. There was a slight negative effect of SPAQ and SPAQ + AZ on mosquito survival compared to mosquitoes fed with blood from control children (LRTX(2)(2) = 330, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that SMC may contribute to a reduction in human to mosquito transmission of P. falciparum, and the reduced mosquito longevity observed for females fed on treated blood may increase the benefit of this intervention in control of malaria. The addition of AZ to SPAQ in SMC appeared to enhance the infectivity of gametocytes providing further evidence that this combination is not an appropriate intervention. Close
2020
Journal Articles
	Charlie Franck Alfred Compaoré, Hamidou Ilboudo, Jacques Kaboré, Justin Windingoudi Kaboré, Oumou Camara, Mohamed Bamba, Hassane Sakande, Minayégninrin Koné, Mamadou Camara, Dramane Kaba, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, Stijn Deborggraeve, Philippe Büscher, Bruno Bucheton, Veerle Lejon, Vincent Jamonneau Analytical sensitivity of loopamp and quantitative real-time PCR on dried blood spots and their potential role in monitoring human African trypanosomiasis elimination. Journal Article In: Experimental parasitology, vol. 219, pp. 108014, 2020, ISSN: 1090-2449 0014-4894. Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: African/blood/diagnosis/prevention & control, Algorithms, Animals, Blood Specimen Collection/methods/standards, Diagnosis, DNA, Dried blood spots, Feasibility, High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods/standards, Humans, Loopamp, Mice, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/standards, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/standards, Protozoan/isolation & purification, Quantitative real-time PCR, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods/standards, Sensitivity, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specimen Handling/methods/standards, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/genetics/isolation & purification, Trypanosomiasis \| Links: Close Close @article{nokey, title = {Analytical sensitivity of loopamp and quantitative real-time PCR on dried blood spots and their potential role in monitoring human African trypanosomiasis elimination.}, author = {Charlie Franck Alfred Compaor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Justin Windingoudi Kabor\'{e} and Oumou Camara and Mohamed Bamba and Hassane Sakande and Minay\'{e}gninrin Kon\'{e} and Mamadou Camara and Dramane Kaba and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem and Stijn Deborggraeve and Philippe B\"{u}scher and Bruno Bucheton and Veerle Lejon and Vincent Jamonneau}, doi = {10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108014}, issn = {1090-2449 0014-4894}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-01}, urldate = {2020-12-01}, journal = {Experimental parasitology}, volume = {219}, pages = {108014}, address = {United States}, abstract = {The objective set by WHO to reach elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) as a public health problem by 2020 is being achieved. The next target is the interruption of gambiense-HAT transmission in humans by 2030. To monitor progress towards this target, in areas where specialized local HAT control capacities will disappear, is a major challenge. Test specimens should be easily collectable and safely transportable such as dried blood spots (DBS). Monitoring tests performed in regional reference centres should be reliable, cheap and allow analysis of large numbers of specimens in a high-throughput format. The aim of this study was to assess the analytical sensitivity of Loopamp, M18S quantitative real-time PCR (M18S qPCR) and TgsGP qPCR as molecular diagnostic tests for the presence of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in DBS. The sensitivity of the Loopamp test, with a detection limit of 100 trypanosomes/mL, was in the range of parasitaemias commonly observed in HAT patients, while detection limits for M18S and TgsGP qPCR were respectively 1000 and 10,000 trypanosomes/mL. None of the tests was entirely suitable for high-throughput use and further development and implementation of sensitive high-throughput molecular tools for monitoring HAT elimination are needed.}, keywords = {African/blood/diagnosis/prevention \& control, Algorithms, Animals, Blood Specimen Collection/methods/standards, Diagnosis, DNA, Dried blood spots, Feasibility, High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods/standards, Humans, Loopamp, Mice, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/standards, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/standards, Protozoan/isolation \& purification, Quantitative real-time PCR, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods/standards, Sensitivity, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specimen Handling/methods/standards, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/genetics/isolation \& purification, Trypanosomiasis}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close The objective set by WHO to reach elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) as a public health problem by 2020 is being achieved. The next target is the interruption of gambiense-HAT transmission in humans by 2030. To monitor progress towards this target, in areas where specialized local HAT control capacities will disappear, is a major challenge. Test specimens should be easily collectable and safely transportable such as dried blood spots (DBS). Monitoring tests performed in regional reference centres should be reliable, cheap and allow analysis of large numbers of specimens in a high-throughput format. The aim of this study was to assess the analytical sensitivity of Loopamp, M18S quantitative real-time PCR (M18S qPCR) and TgsGP qPCR as molecular diagnostic tests for the presence of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in DBS. The sensitivity of the Loopamp test, with a detection limit of 100 trypanosomes/mL, was in the range of parasitaemias commonly observed in HAT patients, while detection limits for M18S and TgsGP qPCR were respectively 1000 and 10,000 trypanosomes/mL. None of the tests was entirely suitable for high-throughput use and further development and implementation of sensitive high-throughput molecular tools for monitoring HAT elimination are needed. Close