Publications

" Our main objective is to develop and maintain over time a good expertise and infrastructure ensuring high quality training and clinical research."
Prof Halidou TINTO, PharmD, Msc, PhD Head of the CRUN

2024
Journal Articles
	Francois Kiemde, Juvenal Nkeramahame, Ana Belen Ibarz, Sabine Dittrich, Piero Olliaro, Daniel Valia, Toussaint Rouamba, Berenger Kabore, Alima Nadine Kone, Seydou Sawadogo, Antonia Windkouni Bere, Diane Yirgnur Some, Athanase Mwinessobaonfou Some, Adelaide Compaore, Philip Horgan, Stephan Weber, Thomas Keller, Halidou Tinto Impact of a package of point-of-care diagnostic tests, a clinical diagnostic algorithm and adherence training on antibiotic prescriptions for the management of non-severe acute febrile illness in primary health facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso Journal Article In: BMC infectious diseases, vol. 24, iss. 1, 2024, ISSN: 1471-2334. Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use, Burkina Faso, Child, COVID-19* / diagnosis, doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09787-y, Female, Fever* / drug therapy, Francois Kiemde, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Infant, Juvenal Nkeramahame, Male, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11351252, pmid:39192209, Point-of-Care Systems, Point-of-Care Testing, Preschool, Primary Health Care, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, SARS-Cov-2 \| Links: Close Close @article{Kiemde2024, title = {Impact of a package of point-of-care diagnostic tests, a clinical diagnostic algorithm and adherence training on antibiotic prescriptions for the management of non-severe acute febrile illness in primary health facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso}, author = {Francois Kiemde and Juvenal Nkeramahame and Ana Belen Ibarz and Sabine Dittrich and Piero Olliaro and Daniel Valia and Toussaint Rouamba and Berenger Kabore and Alima Nadine Kone and Seydou Sawadogo and Antonia Windkouni Bere and Diane Yirgnur Some and Athanase Mwinessobaonfou Some and Adelaide Compaore and Philip Horgan and Stephan Weber and Thomas Keller and Halidou Tinto}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39192209/}, doi = {10.1186/S12879-024-09787-Y}, issn = {1471-2334}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {24}, issue = {1}, publisher = {BMC Infect Dis}, abstract = {Objective: To assess the impact of an intervention package on the prescription of antibiotic and subsequently the rate of clinical recovery for non-severe acute febrile illnesses at primary health centers. Methods: Patients over 6 months of age presenting to primary health care centres with fever or history of fever within the past 7 days were randomized to receive either the intervention package constituted of point-of-care tests including COVID-19 antigen tests, a diagnostic algorithm and training and communication packages, or the standard practice. The primary outcomes were antibiotic prescriptions at Day 0 (D0) and the clinical recovery at Day 7 (D7). Secondary outcomes were non-adherence of participants and parents/caregivers to prescriptions, health workers’ non-adherence to the algorithm, and the safety of the intervention. Results: A total of 1098 patients were enrolled. 551 (50.2%) were randomized to receive the intervention versus 547 (49.8%) received standard care. 1054 (96.0%) completed follow-up and all of them recovered at D7 in both arms. The proportion of patients with antibiotic prescriptions at D0 were 33.2% (183/551) in the intervention arm versus 58.1% (318/547) under standard care, risk difference (RD) -24.9 (95% CI -30.6 to -19.2, p \< 0.001), corresponding to one more antibiotic saved every four (95% CI: 3 to 5) consultations. This reduction was also statistically significant in children from 6 to 59 months (RD -34.5; 95% CI -41.7 to -27.3; p \< 0.001), patients over 18 years (RD -35.9; 95%CI -58.5 to -13.4; p = 0.002), patients with negative malaria test (RD -46.9; 95% CI -53.9 to -39.8; p \< 0.001), those with a respiratory diagnosis (RD -48.9; 95% CI -56.9 to -41.0, p \< 0.001) and those not vaccinated against COVID-19 (-24.8% 95%CI -30.7 to -18.9, p-value: \<0.001). A significant reduction in non-adherence to prescription by patients was reported (RD -7.1; 95% CI -10.9 to -3.3; p \< 0.001). Conclusion: The intervention was associated with significant reductions of antibiotic prescriptions and non-adherence, chiefly among patients with non-malaria fever, those with respiratory symptoms and children below 5 years of age. The addition of COVID-19 testing did not have a major impact on antibiotic use at primary health centers. Trial registration: Clinitrial.gov; NCT04081051 registered on 06/09/2019.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use, Burkina Faso, Child, COVID-19* / diagnosis, doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09787-y, Female, Fever* / drug therapy, Francois Kiemde, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Infant, Juvenal Nkeramahame, Male, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11351252, pmid:39192209, Point-of-Care Systems, Point-of-Care Testing, Preschool, Primary Health Care*, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, SARS-Cov-2}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close Objective: To assess the impact of an intervention package on the prescription of antibiotic and subsequently the rate of clinical recovery for non-severe acute febrile illnesses at primary health centers. Methods: Patients over 6 months of age presenting to primary health care centres with fever or history of fever within the past 7 days were randomized to receive either the intervention package constituted of point-of-care tests including COVID-19 antigen tests, a diagnostic algorithm and training and communication packages, or the standard practice. The primary outcomes were antibiotic prescriptions at Day 0 (D0) and the clinical recovery at Day 7 (D7). Secondary outcomes were non-adherence of participants and parents/caregivers to prescriptions, health workers’ non-adherence to the algorithm, and the safety of the intervention. Results: A total of 1098 patients were enrolled. 551 (50.2%) were randomized to receive the intervention versus 547 (49.8%) received standard care. 1054 (96.0%) completed follow-up and all of them recovered at D7 in both arms. The proportion of patients with antibiotic prescriptions at D0 were 33.2% (183/551) in the intervention arm versus 58.1% (318/547) under standard care, risk difference (RD) -24.9 (95% CI -30.6 to -19.2, p < 0.001), corresponding to one more antibiotic saved every four (95% CI: 3 to 5) consultations. This reduction was also statistically significant in children from 6 to 59 months (RD -34.5; 95% CI -41.7 to -27.3; p < 0.001), patients over 18 years (RD -35.9; 95%CI -58.5 to -13.4; p = 0.002), patients with negative malaria test (RD -46.9; 95% CI -53.9 to -39.8; p < 0.001), those with a respiratory diagnosis (RD -48.9; 95% CI -56.9 to -41.0, p < 0.001) and those not vaccinated against COVID-19 (-24.8% 95%CI -30.7 to -18.9, p-value: <0.001). A significant reduction in non-adherence to prescription by patients was reported (RD -7.1; 95% CI -10.9 to -3.3; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The intervention was associated with significant reductions of antibiotic prescriptions and non-adherence, chiefly among patients with non-malaria fever, those with respiratory symptoms and children below 5 years of age. The addition of COVID-19 testing did not have a major impact on antibiotic use at primary health centers. Trial registration: Clinitrial.gov; NCT04081051 registered on 06/09/2019. Close
	Daniel Valia, Brecht Ingelbeen, Guétawendé Job Wilfried Nassa, Bérenger Kaboré, François Kiemdé, Toussaint Rouamba, Adélaïde Compaoré, Juste Stéphane Kouanda, Annie Robert, Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos, Marianne A B Van Der Sande, Halidou Tinto Antibiotic use by clinical presentation across all healthcare providers in rural Burkina Faso: a healthcare visit exit survey Journal Article In: The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, vol. 79, iss. 10, 2024, ISSN: 1460-2091. Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use, Antimicrobial Stewardship* / statistics & numerical data, Brecht Ingelbeen, Burkina Faso, Daniel Valia, doi:10.1093/jac/dkae252, Drug Utilization / statistics & numerical data, Female, Halidou Tinto, Health Personnel* / statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11441991, pmid:39051704, PubMed Abstract, Rural Population* / statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult \| Links: Close Close @article{Valia2024, title = {Antibiotic use by clinical presentation across all healthcare providers in rural Burkina Faso: a healthcare visit exit survey}, author = {Daniel Valia and Brecht Ingelbeen and Gu\'{e}tawend\'{e} Job Wilfried Nassa and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Fran\c{c}ois Kiemd\'{e} and Toussaint Rouamba and Ad\'{e}la\"{i}de Compaor\'{e} and Juste St\'{e}phane Kouanda and Annie Robert and Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos and Marianne A B Van Der Sande and Halidou Tinto}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39051704/}, doi = {10.1093/JAC/DKAE252}, issn = {1460-2091}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy}, volume = {79}, issue = {10}, publisher = {J Antimicrob Chemother}, abstract = {DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae252; Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 00, 0, 2024-07-25.; Abstract: Background: To guide antibiotic stewardship interventions, understanding for what indications antibiotics are used is essential. Methods: In rural Burkina Faso, we measured antibiotic dispensing across all healthcare providers. From October 2021 to February 2022, we surveyed patients in Nanoro district, Burkina Faso, following visits to health centres (3), pharmacies (2), informal medicine vendors (5) and inpatients in health centres. We estimated prevalence of antibiotic use and the proportion of Watch group antibiotics by provider type and by clinical presentation, assessing compliance with WHO’s AWaRe Antibiotic Book. We estimated per capita antibiotic use by multiplying prevalence of antibiotic use, mean DDD per adult treatment course, and the rate of healthcare visits per 1000 inhabitants per day, estimated from a prior household survey. Results: Outpatient antibiotic use was more fre}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use, Antimicrobial Stewardship* / statistics \& numerical data, Brecht Ingelbeen, Burkina Faso, Daniel Valia, doi:10.1093/jac/dkae252, Drug Utilization / statistics \& numerical data, Female, Halidou Tinto, Health Personnel* / statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Male, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, PMC11441991, pmid:39051704, PubMed Abstract, Rural Population* / statistics \& numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae252; Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 00, 0, 2024-07-25.; Abstract: Background: To guide antibiotic stewardship interventions, understanding for what indications antibiotics are used is essential. Methods: In rural Burkina Faso, we measured antibiotic dispensing across all healthcare providers. From October 2021 to February 2022, we surveyed patients in Nanoro district, Burkina Faso, following visits to health centres (3), pharmacies (2), informal medicine vendors (5) and inpatients in health centres. We estimated prevalence of antibiotic use and the proportion of Watch group antibiotics by provider type and by clinical presentation, assessing compliance with WHO’s AWaRe Antibiotic Book. We estimated per capita antibiotic use by multiplying prevalence of antibiotic use, mean DDD per adult treatment course, and the rate of healthcare visits per 1000 inhabitants per day, estimated from a prior household survey. Results: Outpatient antibiotic use was more fre Close
	Myriam El Gaaloul, Andre Marie Tchouatieu, Kassoum Kayentao, Brice Campo, Benedicte Buffet, Hanu Ramachandruni, Jean Louis Ndiaye, Timothy N. C. Wells, Celine Audibert, Jane Achan, Cristina Donini, Hellen C. Barsosio, Halidou Tinto Chemoprevention of malaria with long-acting oral and injectable drugs: an updated target product profile Journal Article In: Malaria journal, vol. 23, iss. 1, pp. 315, 2024, ISSN: 1475-2875. Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: Administration, Andre Marie Tchouatieu, Antimalarials* / administration & dosage, Antimalarials* / therapeutic use, Chemoprevention* / methods, doi:10.1186/s12936-024-05128-1, Female, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Injections, Malaria* / prevention & control, MEDLINE, Myriam El Gaaloul, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Oral, PMC11490162, pmid:39425110, Pregnancy, PubMed Abstract, Review \| Links: Close Close @article{nokey, title = {Chemoprevention of malaria with long-acting oral and injectable drugs: an updated target product profile}, author = {Myriam El Gaaloul and Andre Marie Tchouatieu and Kassoum Kayentao and Brice Campo and Benedicte Buffet and Hanu Ramachandruni and Jean Louis Ndiaye and Timothy N. C. Wells and Celine Audibert and Jane Achan and Cristina Donini and Hellen C. Barsosio and Halidou Tinto}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39425110/}, doi = {10.1186/S12936-024-05128-1}, issn = {1475-2875}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Malaria journal}, volume = {23}, issue = {1}, pages = {315}, publisher = {Malar J}, abstract = {\<p\>Malaria is preventable, but the burden of disease remains high with over 249 million cases and 608,000 deaths reported in 2022. Historically, the most important protective interventions have been vector control and chemopreventive medicines with over 50 million children receiving seasonal malaria chemoprevention in the year 2023. Two vaccines are approved and starting to be deployed, bringing additional protection for children up to 36 months. However, the impact of these currently available tools is somewhat limited on various fronts. Vaccines exhibit partial efficacy, are relatively costly, and not accessible in all settings. The challenges encountered with chemoprevention are barriers to acceptability and feasibility, including frequency of dosing, and the lack of options in the first trimester of pregnancy and for women living with HIV. Also, the emergence of resistance against chemopreventive medicines is concerning. To address these limitations, a target product profile (TPP) is proposed as a road map to guide innovation and to boost the quest for novel chemopreventive alternatives. This TPP describes the ideal product attributes, while acknowledging potential trade-offs that may be needed. Critically, it considers the target populations most at risk; primarily infants, children, and pregnant women. Malaria control and elimination requires appropriate chemoprevention, not only in areas of high endemicity and transmission, but also in lower transmission areas where immunity is declining, as well as for travellers from areas where malaria has been eliminated. New medicines should show acceptable safety and tolerability, with high and long protective efficacy. Formulations and costs need to support operational adherence, access, and effectiveness. Next generation long-acting oral and injectable drugs are likely to constitute the backbone of malaria prevention. Therefore, the perspectives of front-line experts in malaria prevention, researchers, and those involved in drug development are captured in the TPP. This inclusive approach aims at concentrating efforts and aligning responses across the community to develop new and transformative medicines.\</p\>}, keywords = {Administration, Andre Marie Tchouatieu, Antimalarials* / administration \& dosage, Antimalarials* / therapeutic use, Chemoprevention* / methods, doi:10.1186/s12936-024-05128-1, Female, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Injections, Malaria* / prevention \& control, MEDLINE, Myriam El Gaaloul, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Oral, PMC11490162, pmid:39425110, Pregnancy, PubMed Abstract, Review}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close <p>Malaria is preventable, but the burden of disease remains high with over 249 million cases and 608,000 deaths reported in 2022. Historically, the most important protective interventions have been vector control and chemopreventive medicines with over 50 million children receiving seasonal malaria chemoprevention in the year 2023. Two vaccines are approved and starting to be deployed, bringing additional protection for children up to 36 months. However, the impact of these currently available tools is somewhat limited on various fronts. Vaccines exhibit partial efficacy, are relatively costly, and not accessible in all settings. The challenges encountered with chemoprevention are barriers to acceptability and feasibility, including frequency of dosing, and the lack of options in the first trimester of pregnancy and for women living with HIV. Also, the emergence of resistance against chemopreventive medicines is concerning. To address these limitations, a target product profile (TPP) is proposed as a road map to guide innovation and to boost the quest for novel chemopreventive alternatives. This TPP describes the ideal product attributes, while acknowledging potential trade-offs that may be needed. Critically, it considers the target populations most at risk; primarily infants, children, and pregnant women. Malaria control and elimination requires appropriate chemoprevention, not only in areas of high endemicity and transmission, but also in lower transmission areas where immunity is declining, as well as for travellers from areas where malaria has been eliminated. New medicines should show acceptable safety and tolerability, with high and long protective efficacy. Formulations and costs need to support operational adherence, access, and effectiveness. Next generation long-acting oral and injectable drugs are likely to constitute the backbone of malaria prevention. Therefore, the perspectives of front-line experts in malaria prevention, researchers, and those involved in drug development are captured in the TPP. This inclusive approach aims at concentrating efforts and aligning responses across the community to develop new and transformative medicines.</p> Close
	Kié Solange Millogo, Bérenger Kaboré, Paul Sondo, Eulalie W. Compaoré, Amélé Fifi Chantal Kouevi, Sié A. Elisée Kambou, Toussaint Rouamba, Adama Kazienga, Hamidou Ilboudo, Marc Christian Tahita, Ismaila Bouda, Karim Derra, Sanata Bamba, Halidou Tinto Trend of N86Y and Y184F Mutations in Pfmdr1 Gene in Children Under Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Coverage in Nanoro, Burkina Faso Journal Article In: Acta parasitologica, 2024, ISSN: 1896-1851. Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: Bérenger Kaboré, doi:10.1007/s11686-024-00923-x, Halidou Tinto, Kié Solange Millogo, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, pmid:39356425, PubMed Abstract \| Links: Close Close @article{Millogo2024, title = {Trend of N86Y and Y184F Mutations in Pfmdr1 Gene in Children Under Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Coverage in Nanoro, Burkina Faso}, author = {Ki\'{e} Solange Millogo and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Paul Sondo and Eulalie W. Compaor\'{e} and Am\'{e}l\'{e} Fifi Chantal Kouevi and Si\'{e} A. Elis\'{e}e Kambou and Toussaint Rouamba and Adama Kazienga and Hamidou Ilboudo and Marc Christian Tahita and Ismaila Bouda and Karim Derra and Sanata Bamba and Halidou Tinto}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39356425/}, doi = {10.1007/S11686-024-00923-X}, issn = {1896-1851}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Acta parasitologica}, publisher = {Acta Parasitol}, abstract = {Background: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is an effective malaria preventive intervention in sub-Sahara Africa. However, as with any other drug-based intervention, the large-scale deployment of this strategy could lead to Amodiaquine plus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (AQSP) drug pressure on the circulating parasites population with selection for specific alleles that could compromise the impact of the intervention in the near future. This study aimed to assess the distribution of the Pfmdr1 mutation involved in resistance to AQ before and after the annual campaign of SMC in the health district of Nanoro. Methods: Randomly selected dried blood spots collected prior (n = 100) and after (n = 100) the 2021 SMC campaign were used for the detection of mutation in codons 86 and 184 of the Pfmdr1 gene using a nested PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism approach. Results: No significant change in the prevalence of Pfmdr1 N86Y mutation was observed before and after the SMC campaign (p = 0.28). The mutant allele 86Y was observed at low prevalences, representing only 2.17% and 6.12%, respectively, before and after the SMC campaign. Patients harboring the mutant Pfmdr1 86Y allele exhibited higher parasite densities compared to patients with the wild-type Pfmdr1 N86 allele (p = 0.04). A significant increase in the prevalence of the mutant allele 184 F was observed in the period before and after the SMC campaign (p = 0.03). Conclusion: This selective pressure needs to be closely monitored in order to preserve the efficacy of this intervention for a long-term period in Burkina Faso.}, keywords = {B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e}, doi:10.1007/s11686-024-00923-x, Halidou Tinto, Ki\'{e} Solange Millogo, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, pmid:39356425, PubMed Abstract}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close Background: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is an effective malaria preventive intervention in sub-Sahara Africa. However, as with any other drug-based intervention, the large-scale deployment of this strategy could lead to Amodiaquine plus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (AQSP) drug pressure on the circulating parasites population with selection for specific alleles that could compromise the impact of the intervention in the near future. This study aimed to assess the distribution of the Pfmdr1 mutation involved in resistance to AQ before and after the annual campaign of SMC in the health district of Nanoro. Methods: Randomly selected dried blood spots collected prior (n = 100) and after (n = 100) the 2021 SMC campaign were used for the detection of mutation in codons 86 and 184 of the Pfmdr1 gene using a nested PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism approach. Results: No significant change in the prevalence of Pfmdr1 N86Y mutation was observed before and after the SMC campaign (p = 0.28). The mutant allele 86Y was observed at low prevalences, representing only 2.17% and 6.12%, respectively, before and after the SMC campaign. Patients harboring the mutant Pfmdr1 86Y allele exhibited higher parasite densities compared to patients with the wild-type Pfmdr1 N86 allele (p = 0.04). A significant increase in the prevalence of the mutant allele 184 F was observed in the period before and after the SMC campaign (p = 0.03). Conclusion: This selective pressure needs to be closely monitored in order to preserve the efficacy of this intervention for a long-term period in Burkina Faso. Close
2023
Journal Articles
	Nongodo Firmin Kaboré, Samiratou Ouédraogo, Ariane Kamga Mamguem, Isidore Tiandiogo Traoré, Dramane Kania, Hermann Badolo, Guillaume Sanou, Amariane Koné, Mimbouré Yara, Thérèse Kagoné, Esperance Ouédraogo, Blahima Konaté, Rachel Médah, Nathalie Rekeneire, Armel Poda, Arnaud Eric Diendéré, Boukary Ouédraogo, Oumar Billa, Gilles Paradis, Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli, Halidou Tinto Incidence rate and predictors of COVID-19 in the two largest cities of Burkina Faso - prospective cohort study in 2021 (ANRS-COV13) Journal Article In: BMC infectious diseases, vol. 23, iss. 1, 2023, ISSN: 1471-2334. Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: Adult, Aged, Burkina Faso, Cities, COVID-19, doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08361-2, Female, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Incidence, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Nongodo Firmin Kaboré, PMC10258776, pmid:37308819, Prospective Studies, PubMed Abstract, Samiratou Ouédraogo, SARS-Cov-2 \| Links: Close Close @article{nokey, title = {Incidence rate and predictors of COVID-19 in the two largest cities of Burkina Faso - prospective cohort study in 2021 (ANRS-COV13)}, author = {Nongodo Firmin Kabor\'{e} and Samiratou Ou\'{e}draogo and Ariane Kamga Mamguem and Isidore Tiandiogo Traor\'{e} and Dramane Kania and Hermann Badolo and Guillaume Sanou and Amariane Kon\'{e} and Mimbour\'{e} Yara and Th\'{e}r\`{e}se Kagon\'{e} and Esperance Ou\'{e}draogo and Blahima Konat\'{e} and Rachel M\'{e}dah and Nathalie Rekeneire and Armel Poda and Arnaud Eric Diend\'{e}r\'{e} and Boukary Ou\'{e}draogo and Oumar Billa and Gilles Paradis and Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli and Halidou Tinto}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37308819/}, doi = {10.1186/S12879-023-08361-2}, issn = {1471-2334}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-01}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {23}, issue = {1}, publisher = {BMC Infect Dis}, abstract = {Background: Early data on COVID-19 (based primarily on PCR testing) indicated a low burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. To better understand this, this study aimed to estimate the incidence rate and identify predictors of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the two largest cities of Burkina Faso. This study is part of the EmulCOVID-19 project (ANRS-COV13). Methods: Our study utilized the WHO Unity protocol for cohort sero-epidemiological studies of COVID-19 in general population. We conducted random sampling stratified by age group and sex. Individuals aged 10 years and older in the cities of Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso were included and surveyed at 4 time points, each 21 days apart, from March 3 to May 15, 2021. WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA serological tests were used to detect total antibodies (IgM, IgG) in serum. Predictors were investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: We analyzed the data from 1399 participants (1051 in Ouagadougou, 348 in Bobo-Dioulasso) who were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at baseline and had at least one follow-up visit. The incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion was 14.3 cases [95%CI 13.3\textendash15.4] per 100 person-weeks. The incidence rate was almost three times higher in Ouagadougou than in Bobo-Dioulasso (Incidence rate ratio: IRR = 2.7 [2.2\textendash3.2], p \< 0.001). The highest incidence rate was reported among women aged 19\textendash59 years in Ouagadougou (22.8 cases [19.6\textendash26.4] per 100 person-weeks) and the lowest among participants aged 60 years and over in Bobo-Dioulasso, 6.3 cases [4.6\textendash8.6] per 100 person-weeks. Multivariable analysis showed that participants aged 19 years and older were almost twice as likely to seroconvert during the study period compared with those aged 10 to 18 years (Hazard ratio: HR = 1.7 [1.3\textendash2.3], p \< 0.001). Those aged 10\textendash18 years exhibited more asymptomatic forms than those aged 19 years and older, among those who achieved seroconversion (72.9% vs. 40.4%, p \< 0.001). Conclusion: The spread of COVID-19 is more rapid in adults and in large cities. Strategies to control this pandemic in Burkina Faso, must take this into account. Adults living in large cities should be the priority targets for vaccination efforts against COVID-19.}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Burkina Faso, Cities, COVID-19, doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08361-2, Female, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Incidence, MEDLINE, Middle Aged, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Nongodo Firmin Kabor\'{e}, PMC10258776, pmid:37308819, Prospective Studies, PubMed Abstract, Samiratou Ou\'{e}draogo, SARS-Cov-2}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close Background: Early data on COVID-19 (based primarily on PCR testing) indicated a low burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. To better understand this, this study aimed to estimate the incidence rate and identify predictors of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the two largest cities of Burkina Faso. This study is part of the EmulCOVID-19 project (ANRS-COV13). Methods: Our study utilized the WHO Unity protocol for cohort sero-epidemiological studies of COVID-19 in general population. We conducted random sampling stratified by age group and sex. Individuals aged 10 years and older in the cities of Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso were included and surveyed at 4 time points, each 21 days apart, from March 3 to May 15, 2021. WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA serological tests were used to detect total antibodies (IgM, IgG) in serum. Predictors were investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: We analyzed the data from 1399 participants (1051 in Ouagadougou, 348 in Bobo-Dioulasso) who were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at baseline and had at least one follow-up visit. The incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion was 14.3 cases [95%CI 13.3–15.4] per 100 person-weeks. The incidence rate was almost three times higher in Ouagadougou than in Bobo-Dioulasso (Incidence rate ratio: IRR = 2.7 [2.2–3.2], p < 0.001). The highest incidence rate was reported among women aged 19–59 years in Ouagadougou (22.8 cases [19.6–26.4] per 100 person-weeks) and the lowest among participants aged 60 years and over in Bobo-Dioulasso, 6.3 cases [4.6–8.6] per 100 person-weeks. Multivariable analysis showed that participants aged 19 years and older were almost twice as likely to seroconvert during the study period compared with those aged 10 to 18 years (Hazard ratio: HR = 1.7 [1.3–2.3], p < 0.001). Those aged 10–18 years exhibited more asymptomatic forms than those aged 19 years and older, among those who achieved seroconversion (72.9% vs. 40.4%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The spread of COVID-19 is more rapid in adults and in large cities. Strategies to control this pandemic in Burkina Faso, must take this into account. Adults living in large cities should be the priority targets for vaccination efforts against COVID-19. Close
	Francois Kiemde, Daniel Valia, Berenger Kabore, Toussaint Rouamba, Alima Nadine Kone, Seydou Sawadogo, Adelaide Compaore, Olawale Salami, Philip Horgan, Catrin E. Moore, Sabine Dittrich, Juvenal Nkeramahame, Piero Olliaro, Halidou Tinto A Randomized Trial to Assess the Impact of a Package of Diagnostic Tools and Diagnostic Algorithm on Antibiotic Prescriptions for the Management of Febrile Illnesses Among Children and Adolescents in Primary Health Facilities in Burkina Faso Journal Article In: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, vol. 77, iss. Suppl 2, pp. S134-S144, 2023, ISSN: 1537-6591. Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: Adolescent, Algorithms, Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use, Burkina Faso, Child, Daniel Valia, doi:10.1093/cid/ciad331, Francois Kiemde, Halidou Tinto, Health Facilities, Humans, Infant, Malaria* / drug therapy, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, PMC10368409, pmid:37490742, Preschool, Prescriptions, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, Research Support \| Links: Close Close @article{Kiemde2023, title = {A Randomized Trial to Assess the Impact of a Package of Diagnostic Tools and Diagnostic Algorithm on Antibiotic Prescriptions for the Management of Febrile Illnesses Among Children and Adolescents in Primary Health Facilities in Burkina Faso}, author = {Francois Kiemde and Daniel Valia and Berenger Kabore and Toussaint Rouamba and Alima Nadine Kone and Seydou Sawadogo and Adelaide Compaore and Olawale Salami and Philip Horgan and Catrin E. Moore and Sabine Dittrich and Juvenal Nkeramahame and Piero Olliaro and Halidou Tinto}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37490742/}, doi = {10.1093/CID/CIAD331}, issn = {1537-6591}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-01}, journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America}, volume = {77}, issue = {Suppl 2}, pages = {S134-S144}, publisher = {Clin Infect Dis}, abstract = {Background: Low- and middle-income countries face significant challenges in differentiating bacterial from viral causes of febrile illnesses, leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics. This trial aimed to evaluate the impact of an intervention package comprising diagnostic tests, a diagnostic algorithm, and a training-and-communication package on antibiotic prescriptions and clinical outcomes. Methods: Patients aged 6 months to 18 years with fever or history of fever within the past 7 days with no focus, or a suspected respiratory tract infection, arriving at 2 health facilities were randomized to either the intervention package or standard practice. The primary outcomes were the proportions of patients who recovered at day 7 (D7) and patients prescribed antibiotics at day 0. Results: Of 1718 patients randomized, 1681 (97.8%; intervention: 844; control: 837) completed follow-up: 99.5% recovered at D7 in the intervention arm versus 100% in standard practice (P =. 135). Antibiotics were prescribed to 40.6% of patients in the intervention group versus 57.5% in the control arm (risk ratio: 29.3%; 95% CI: 21.8-36.0%; risk difference [RD]: -16.8%; 95% CI: -21.7% to -12.0%; P \<. 001), which translates to 1 additional antibiotic prescription saved every 6 (95% CI: 5-8) consultations. This reduction was significant regardless of test results for malaria, but was greater in patients without malaria (RD: -46.0%; -54.7% to -37.4%; P \<. 001), those with a respiratory diagnosis (RD: -38.2%; -43.8% to -32.6%; P \<. 001), and in children 6-59 months old (RD: -20.4%; -26.0% to -14.9%; P \<. 001). Except for the period July-September, the reduction was consistent across the other quarters (P \<. 001). Conclusions: The implementation of the package can reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescription without compromising clinical outcomes. Clinical Trials Registration: clinicaltrials.gov; NCT04081051.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Algorithms, Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use, Burkina Faso, Child, Daniel Valia, doi:10.1093/cid/ciad331, Francois Kiemde, Halidou Tinto, Health Facilities, Humans, Infant, Malaria* / drug therapy, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Non-U.S. Gov't, PMC10368409, pmid:37490742, Preschool, Prescriptions, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, Research Support}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close Background: Low- and middle-income countries face significant challenges in differentiating bacterial from viral causes of febrile illnesses, leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics. This trial aimed to evaluate the impact of an intervention package comprising diagnostic tests, a diagnostic algorithm, and a training-and-communication package on antibiotic prescriptions and clinical outcomes. Methods: Patients aged 6 months to 18 years with fever or history of fever within the past 7 days with no focus, or a suspected respiratory tract infection, arriving at 2 health facilities were randomized to either the intervention package or standard practice. The primary outcomes were the proportions of patients who recovered at day 7 (D7) and patients prescribed antibiotics at day 0. Results: Of 1718 patients randomized, 1681 (97.8%; intervention: 844; control: 837) completed follow-up: 99.5% recovered at D7 in the intervention arm versus 100% in standard practice (P =. 135). Antibiotics were prescribed to 40.6% of patients in the intervention group versus 57.5% in the control arm (risk ratio: 29.3%; 95% CI: 21.8-36.0%; risk difference [RD]: -16.8%; 95% CI: -21.7% to -12.0%; P <. 001), which translates to 1 additional antibiotic prescription saved every 6 (95% CI: 5-8) consultations. This reduction was significant regardless of test results for malaria, but was greater in patients without malaria (RD: -46.0%; -54.7% to -37.4%; P <. 001), those with a respiratory diagnosis (RD: -38.2%; -43.8% to -32.6%; P <. 001), and in children 6-59 months old (RD: -20.4%; -26.0% to -14.9%; P <. 001). Except for the period July-September, the reduction was consistent across the other quarters (P <. 001). Conclusions: The implementation of the package can reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescription without compromising clinical outcomes. Clinical Trials Registration: clinicaltrials.gov; NCT04081051. Close
	Paul Sondo, Bérenger Kaboré, Toussaint Rouamba, Eulalie Compaoré, Yssimini Nadège Guillène Tibiri, Hyacinthe Abd El Latif Faïçal Kaboré, Karim Derra, Marc Christian Tahita, Hamidou Ilboudo, Gauthier Tougri, Ismaïla Bouda, Tikanou Dakyo, Hyacinthe Kafando, Florence Ouédraogo, Eli Rouamba, So Franck Hien, Adama Kazienga, Cheick Saïd Compaoré, Estelle Bambara, Macaire Nana, Prabin Dahal, Franck Garanet, William Kaboré, Thierry Léfèvre, Philippe Guerin, Halidou Tinto Enhanced effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention when coupled with nutrients supplementation for preventing malaria in children under 5 years old in Burkina Faso: a randomized open label trial Journal Article In: Malaria journal, vol. 22, iss. 1, 2023, ISSN: 1475-2875. Abstract \| BibTeX \| Tags: Antimalarials* / therapeutic use, Bérenger Kaboré, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Chemoprevention, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Supplements, doi:10.1186/s12936-023-04745-6, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Infant, Malaria* / epidemiology, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Nutrients, Paul Sondo, PMC10585892, pmid:37853408, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, Seasons, Vitamin A / therapeutic use \| Links: Close Close @article{Sondo2023, title = {Enhanced effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention when coupled with nutrients supplementation for preventing malaria in children under 5 years old in Burkina Faso: a randomized open label trial}, author = {Paul Sondo and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Toussaint Rouamba and Eulalie Compaor\'{e} and Yssimini Nad\`{e}ge Guill\`{e}ne Tibiri and Hyacinthe Abd El Latif Fa\"{i}\c{c}al Kabor\'{e} and Karim Derra and Marc Christian Tahita and Hamidou Ilboudo and Gauthier Tougri and Isma\"{i}la Bouda and Tikanou Dakyo and Hyacinthe Kafando and Florence Ou\'{e}draogo and Eli Rouamba and So Franck Hien and Adama Kazienga and Cheick Sa\"{i}d Compaor\'{e} and Estelle Bambara and Macaire Nana and Prabin Dahal and Franck Garanet and William Kabor\'{e} and Thierry L\'{e}f\`{e}vre and Philippe Guerin and Halidou Tinto}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37853408/}, doi = {10.1186/S12936-023-04745-6}, issn = {1475-2875}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-01}, journal = {Malaria journal}, volume = {22}, issue = {1}, publisher = {Malar J}, abstract = {Background: In rural African settings, most of the children under the coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) are also undernourished at the time of SMC delivery, justifying the need for packaging malarial and nutritional interventions. This study aimed at assessing the impact of SMC by coupling the intervention with nutrients supplementation for preventing malaria in children less than 5 years old in Burkina Faso. Methods: A randomized trial was carried out between July 2020 and June 2021 in the health district of Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Children (n = 1059) under SMC coverage were randomly assigned to one of the three study arms SMC + Vitamin A (SMC-A}, keywords = {Antimalarials* / therapeutic use, B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e}, Burkina Faso / epidemiology, Chemoprevention, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Supplements, doi:10.1186/s12936-023-04745-6, Halidou Tinto, Humans, Infant, Malaria* / epidemiology, MEDLINE, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, NCBI, NIH, NLM, Nutrients, Paul Sondo, PMC10585892, pmid:37853408, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Randomized controlled trial, Seasons, Vitamin A / therapeutic use}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Close Background: In rural African settings, most of the children under the coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) are also undernourished at the time of SMC delivery, justifying the need for packaging malarial and nutritional interventions. This study aimed at assessing the impact of SMC by coupling the intervention with nutrients supplementation for preventing malaria in children less than 5 years old in Burkina Faso. Methods: A randomized trial was carried out between July 2020 and June 2021 in the health district of Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Children (n = 1059) under SMC coverage were randomly assigned to one of the three study arms SMC + Vitamin A (SMC-A Close