@article{Kiemde2018-lo,

title = {Treatable causes of fever among children under five years in a  seasonal malaria transmission area in Burkina Faso},

author = {Francois Kiemde and Marc Christian Tahita and Palpouguini Lompo and Toussaint Rouamba and Athanase M Some and Halidou Tinto and Petra F Mens and Henk D F H Schallig and Michael Boele Hensbroek},

doi = {10.1186/s40249-018-0442-3},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-05-01},

urldate = {2018-05-01},

journal = {Infect. Dis. Poverty},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

pages = {60},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fever remains a major public health problem. In 

 Burkina Faso, more than half of febrile children are considered 

 not to be infected by malaria. This study prospectively assessed 

 probable (treatable) causes of fever in Burkinabe children. 

 METHODS: A prospective study was conducted among febrile children 

 ($geq$37.5 °C) under 5 years of age presenting at four health 

 facilities and one referral hospital in rural Burkina Faso. From 

 each participant, blood was collected for malaria microscopy and 

 culture, urine for dipstick testing and culturing if tested 

 positive for leucocytes and nitrite, stool for 

 rotavirus/adenovirus testing, culture and parasitology, and a 

 nasopharyngeal swab for culture. RESULTS: In total 684 febrile 

 children were included in the study. Plasmodium falciparum 

 malaria was found in 49.7% (340/684) of the participants and 

 non-malaria infections in 49.1% (336/684) of children. The 

 non-nalaria infections included gastro-intestinal infections 

 (37.0%), common bacterial pathogens of nasopharynx (24.3%), 

 bacterial bloodstream infections (6.0%) and urinary tract 

 infections (1.8%). Nearly 45% (154/340) of the malaria infected 

 children were co-infected with non-nalaria infections, but only 

 3.2% (11/340) of these co-infections could be considered as a 

 possible alternative cause of fever. In contrast, in the malaria 

 microscopy negative children 18.0% (62/344) of the infections 

 could be the probable cause of the fever. Pathogens were not 

 isolated from 23.7% (162/684) of the febrile cases. CONCLUSIONS: 

 Malaria remains the most common pathogen found in febrile 

 children in Burkina Faso. However, a relative high number of 

 febrile children had non-malaria infections. The correct 

 diagnosis of these non-malaria fevers is a major concern, and 

 there is an urgent need to develop more point-of-care diagnostic 

 tests and capacities to identify and treat the causes of these 

 fevers.},

keywords = {Children; Fever; Infectious diseases; Malaria},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}