@article{nokey,

title = {In vivo antimalarial activity, safety and phytochemical screening of Canthium multiflorum (Schumach. \&Thonn.) Hiern (Rubiaceae)},

author = {KOAMA Benjamin Kouliga and YERBANGA Rakiswend\'{e} Serge and DA Ollo and YOUGBARE Sibidou and NATAMA Hamtandi Magloire and OUEDRAOGO Georges Anicet and OUEDRAOGO Jean Bosco and TRAORE/COULIBALY Maminata},

url = {https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR/article-abstract/48516B269295},

doi = {10.5897/JMPR2022.7226},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants Research},

volume = {16},

issue = {6},

pages = {196-204},

abstract = {Canthium multiflorum (Thonn.) Hiern (Rubiaceae) is a popular herb used by traditional healers in western Burkina Faso. C. multiflorum leaves are widely used in decoction to treat malaria. The present study aims to evaluate its in vivo potential against malaria parasites in mice. The antimalarial activity of the organic and aqueous extracts of C. multiflorum leaves was evaluated on Plasmodium berghei Anka in NMRI mice using the Peters 4-day suppressive test. The fractions of the extracts were also tested. The acute toxicity study was performed according to Lorke method and sub-acute toxicity by Seewaboon method. Phytochemical analysis of extracts was carried out according to Ciulei method. The results showed that ethanolic and decoctions were the best inhibitors of parasites’ growth. The ethanolic extract exhibited an inhibition of 22.5, 30.8 and 81.9% at 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. While the decoction with water, an inhibition of 10.1, 25.9 and 74.2% at the same doses. Fractions’ extracts showed moderate activities at dose of 250 mg/kg bw. In addition, no mortality was recorded with the ethanolic extract. No signs of toxicity were observed in animals in the sub-acute toxicity study. The phytochemical constituents of the extracts were mainly steroids and/or triterpenes, flavonoids, emodols, carotenoids, coumarins, tannins, saponins, anthocyanosides and reducing compounds. Ethanol and decoctions of C. multiflorum leaves have been shown to have significant antimalarial activity in infected mice, with no toxicity. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the previously chemical groups found in the roots of the plant.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rosenthal2022,

title = {Cooperation in Countering Artemisinin Resistance in Africa: Learning from COVID-19},

author = {Philip J. Rosenthal and Anders Bj\"{o}rkman and Mehul Dhorda and Abdoulaye Djimde and Arjen M. Dondorp and Oumar Gaye and Philippe J. Guerin and Elizabeth Juma and Dominic P. Kwiatkowski and Laura Merson and Francine Ntoumi and Ric N. Price and Jaishree Raman and David S. Roos and Feiko Kuile and Halidou Tinto and Sheena S. Tomko and Nicholas J. White and Karen I. Barnes},

url = {https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/106/6/article-p1568.xml},

doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.22-0148},

issn = {0002-9637},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene},

volume = {106},

issue = {6},

pages = {1568-1570},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Brandenburg2022,

title = {Apolipoprotein L1 High-Risk Genotypes and Albuminuria in Sub-Saharan African Populations},

author = {Jean-Tristan Brandenburg and Melanie A. Govender and Cheryl A. Winkler and Palwende Romuald Boua and Godfred Agongo and June Fabian and Mich\`{e}le Ramsay},

url = {https://journals.lww.com/10.2215/CJN.14321121},

doi = {10.2215/CJN.14321121},

issn = {1555-9041},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology},

volume = {17},

issue = {6},

pages = {798-808},

abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recessive inheritance of African-specific APOL1 kidney risk variants is associated with higher risk of nondiabetic kidney disease, progression to kidney failure, and early-onset albuminuria that precedes eGFR decline. The effect of APOL1 risk variants on kidney disease in continental Africans is understudied. Objectives of this study were to determine APOL1 risk allele prevalence and associations between APOL1 genotypes and kidney disease in West, East, and South Africa. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, \& MEASUREMENTS This cross-sectional population-based study in four African countries included 10,769 participants largely aged 40-60 years with sociodemographic and health information, anthropometry data, and blood and urine tests for biomarkers of kidney disease. APOL1 risk alleles were imputed from the H3Africa genotyping array, APOL1 risk allele and genotype frequencies were determined, and genetic associations were assessed for kidney disease. Kidney disease was defined as the presence of eGFR \<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, albuminuria, or a composite end point including eGFR \<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and/or albuminuria. RESULTS High G1 allele frequencies occurred in South and West Africa (approximately 7%-13%). G2 allele frequencies were highest in South Africa (15%-24%), followed by West Africa (9%-12%). Associations between APOL1 risk variants and albuminuria were significant for recessive (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 2.12) and additive (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.76) models. Associations were stronger for APOL1 G1/G1 genotypes versus G0/G0 (odds ratio, 3.87; 95% confidence interval, 2.16 to 6.93) compared with either G2/G2 (odds ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 2.51) or G1/G2 (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.87). No association between APOL1 risk variants and eGFR \<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was observed. CONCLUSIONS APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles and high-risk genotype frequencies differed between and within West and South Africa and were almost absent from East Africa. APOL1 risk variants were associated with albuminuria but not eGFR \<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. There may be differential effects of homozygous G1 and G2 genotypes on albuminuria that require further investigation. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_05_16_CJN14321121.mp3.},

keywords = {albuminuria, apolipoprotein L1, chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate, molecular genetics},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Duval2022,

title = {Household costs associated with seeking malaria treatment during pregnancy: evidence from Burkina Faso and The Gambia},

author = {Laetitia Duval and Elisa Sicuri and Susana Scott and Maminata Traor\'{e} and Bunja Daabo and Halidou Tinto and Koen Peeters Grietens and Umberto d’Alessando and Henk Schallig and Petra Mens and Lesong Conteh},

url = {https://resource-allocation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12962-022-00376-x},

doi = {10.1186/s12962-022-00376-x},

issn = {1478-7547},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation},

volume = {20},

issue = {1},

pages = {42},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Malaria in pregnancy remains a major health threat in sub-Saharan Africa to both expectant mothers and their unborn children. To date, there have been very few studies focused on the out of pocket costs associated with seeking treatment for malaria during pregnancy. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Burkina Faso and The Gambia to estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with outpatient consultations (OP) and inpatient admissions (IP). Direct costs were broken down into medical (admission fees, drug charges, and laboratory fees), and non-medical (transportation and food). Indirect costs reflected time lost due to illness. In total, 220 pregnant women in Burkina Faso and 263 in The Gambia were interviewed about their treatment seeking decisions, expenditure, time use and financial support associated with each malaria episode. RESULTS In Burkina Faso 6.7% sought treatment elsewhere before their OP visits, and 27.1% before their IP visits. This compares to 1.3% for OP and 25.92% for IP in The Gambia. Once at the facility, the average direct costs (out of pocket) were 3.91US$ for an OP visit and 15.38US$ of an IP visit in Burkina Faso, and 0.80US$ for an OP visit and 9.19US$ for an IP visit in The Gambia. Inpatient direct costs were driven by drug costs (9.27US$) and transportation costs (2.72US$) in Burkina Faso and drug costs (3.44 US$) and food costs (3.44 US$) in The Gambia. Indirect costs of IP visits, valued as the opportunity cost of time lost due to the illness, were estimated at 11.85US$ in Burkina Faso and 4.07US$ in The Gambia. The difference across the two countries was mainly due to the longer time of hospitalization in Burkina Faso compared to The Gambia. In The Gambia, the vast majority of pregnant women reported receiving financial support from family members living abroad, most commonly siblings (65%). CONCLUSIONS High malaria treatment costs are incurred by pregnant women in Burkina Faso and The Gambia. Beyond the medical costs of fees and drugs, costs in terms of transport, food and time are significant drivers. The role of remittances, particularly their effect on accessing health care, needs further investigation.},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, Cost, Gambia, Malaria, Pregnancy, Remittances, sub-Saharan Africa},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sariola2022,

title = {Closing the GAP in Antimicrobial Resistance Policy in Benin and Burkina Faso},

author = {Salla Sariola and Andrea Butcher and Jose A. Ca\~{n}ada and Mariette A\"{i}kp\'{e} and Ad\'{e}la\"{i}de Compaore},

editor = {Li Cui},

url = {https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msystems.00150-22},

doi = {10.1128/msystems.00150-22},

issn = {2379-5077},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {mSystems},

volume = {7},

issue = {4},

abstract = {\<p\>The burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is unequally distributed across the globe. Low-income countries face a more severe AMR situation and have fewer means to solve the problem.\</p\>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Portugaliza2022,

title = {Plasmodium falciparum sexual conversion rates can be affected by artemisinin-based treatment in naturally infected malaria patients},

author = {Harvie P. Portugaliza and H. Magloire Natama and Pieter Guetens and Eduard Rovira-Vallbona and Athanase M. Som\'{e} and Aida Millogo and D. Florence Ou\'{e}draogo and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Hermann Sorgho and Halidou Tinto and Nguyen Hong and Antonio Sitoe and Rosauro Varo and Quique Bassat and Alfred Cort\'{e}s and Anna Rosanas-Urgell},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352396422003802},

doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104198},

issn = {23523964},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {eBioMedicine},

volume = {83},

pages = {104198},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Artemisinins (ART) are the key component of the frontline antimalarial treatment, but their impact on Plasmodium falciparum sexual conversion rates in natural malaria infections remains unknown. This is an important knowledge gap because sexual conversion rates determine the relative parasite investment between maintaining infection in the same human host and transmission to mosquitoes. METHODS The primary outcome of this study was to assess the impact of ART-based treatment on sexual conversion rates by comparing the relative transcript levels of pfap2-g and other sexual ring biomarkers (SRBs) before and after treatment. We analysed samples from previously existing cohorts in Vietnam, Burkina Faso and Mozambique (in total},

keywords = {Artemisinin, Malaria transmission, pfap2-g, Plasmodium falciparum, Sexual conversion},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kiemde2022,

title = {Development and evaluation of an electronic algorithm using a combination of a two-step malaria RDT and other rapid diagnostic tools for the management of febrile illness in children under 5 attending outpatient facilities in Burkina Faso},

author = {Francois Kiemde and Adelaide Compaore and Fla Koueta and Athanase M. Some and Berenger Kabore and Daniel Valia and Toussaint Rouamba and Fadima Yaya Bocoum and Seydou Sawadogo and Macaire Nana and Diane Y. Some and Nadine A. Kone and Valentin Pagbeleguem and Inoussa Sangare and Antonia W. Bere and Massa Achille Bonko and Gautier Tougri and Sylvie Yeri Youl and Henk Schallig and Halidou Tinto},

editor = {Lucinda Shen},

url = {https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-022-06717-8},

doi = {10.1186/s13063-022-06717-8},

issn = {1745-6215},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Trials},

volume = {23},

issue = {1},

pages = {779},

abstract = {BACKGROUND In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), febrile illnesses remain a major public health problem in children. However, the persistence of hrp2 antigen and the low sensitivity of pLDH RDT negatively affect antimalarials and antibiotics prescription practices. These limitations lead to poor management of febrile diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To improve the diagnosis of these febrile diseases and subsequent prescription of antimicrobials, it is hypothesized that the implementation of an algorithm including a two-step malaria RDT PfHRP2/pLDH supported by point-of-care (PoC) tests for bacterial infections could significantly improve the management of febrile diseases and thereby tackling AMR. METHODS To assess the value of the proposed algorithm, an open-label randomized controlled trial with three arms, enrolling febrile children from 6 to 59 months is proposed. In the control arm, febrile children will be managed according to the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI), which is part of the standard of care in Burkina Faso. Treatment will be done according to national guidelines. In the RDT decisional algorithm (RDT-DA) arm (intervention), the clinical examination based on IMIC will be supported by a two-step malaria RDT and bacterial infections RDTs. Prescription will be left to the discretion of the healthcare workers based on clinical examination and PoC test results. In the e-algorithm arm (intervention), artificial intelligence integrating multiple layers of clinical information such as clinical examination, signs/symptoms and medical history, and biological information such as biomarkers (CRP and WBC) and pathogen-specific PoC tests, and oximetry will be developed. The e-algorithm will serve to guide the diagnostic and management of febrile infections in children. In the 3 arms, the case report forms will be digitalized. A final follow-up visit (day 7) will be scheduled for all participants. Patients will be asked to come back to the health facilities before the scheduled visit if the symptoms persist or in case of health condition worsening. DISCUSSION If successful, this study could contribute to improve the management of febrile diseases and reduce inappropriate use of antimicrobials. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered at ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT05285657. Enrolment started on 4 March 2022 with long-term outcome being assessed completely by 2023.},

keywords = {Artificial intelligence, e-Algorithm, Fever, Prescription, Rapid diagnostic test},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Post2022,

title = {Escherichia coli from urine samples of pregnant women as an indicator for antimicrobial resistance in the community: a field study from rural Burkina Faso},

author = {Annelies S. Post and I. Guiraud and M. Peeters and P. Lompo and S. Ombelet and I. Karama and S. Yougbar\'{e} and Z. Garba and E. Rouamba and H. Tinto and Jan Jacobs},

url = {https://aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13756-022-01142-7},

doi = {10.1186/s13756-022-01142-7},

issn = {2047-2994},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Antimicrobial Resistance \& Infection Control},

volume = {11},

issue = {1},

pages = {112},

abstract = {BACKGROUND In low- and middle-income countries, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is mostly hospital-based and, in view of poor access to clinical microbiology, biased to more resistant pathogens. We aimed to assess AMR among Escherichia coli isolates obtained from urine cultures of pregnant women as an indicator for community AMR and compared the AMR results with those from E. coli isolates obtained from febrile patients in previously published clinical surveillance studies conducted within the same population in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso. We furthermore explored feasibility of adding urine culture to standard antenatal care in a rural sub-Saharan African setting. METHODS Between October 2016-September 2018, midstream urine samples collected as part of routine antenatal care in Nanoro district were cultured by a dipslide method and screened for antibiotic residues. Significant growth was defined as a pure culture of Enterobacterales at counts of ≥ 104 colony forming units/ml. RESULTS Significant growth was observed in 202/5934 (3.4%) cultures; E. coli represented 155 (76.7%) of isolates. Among E. coli isolates, resistance rates to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin were respectively 65.8%, 64.4% 16.2%, compared to 89.5%, 89.5% and 62.5% among E. coli from clinical isolates (n = 48 of which 45 from blood cultures). Proportions of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers and multidrug resistance were 3.2% and 5.2% among E. coli isolates from urine in pregnant women versus 35.4%, and 60.4% respectively among clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS The E. coli isolates obtained from healthy pregnant women had significantly lower AMR rates compared to clinical E. coli isolates, probably reflecting the lower antibiotic pressure in the pregnant women population. Adding urine culture to the routine urine analysis (dipstick) of antenatal care was feasible. The dipslide culture method was affordable and user-friendly and allowed on-site inoculation and easy transport; challenges were contamination (midstream urine sampling) and the semi-quantitative reading. Provided confirmation of the present findings in other settings, E. coli from urine samples in pregnant women may be a potential indicator for benchmarking, comparing, and monitoring community AMR rates across populations over different countries and regions.},

keywords = {ANC, Antimicrobial resistance, Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Burkina Faso, Community, Escherichia coli, Pregnancy, Rural Africa},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of C\^{o}te d'Ivoire.},

author = {Barkissa M\'{e}lika Traor\'{e} and Mathurin Koffi and Martial Kassi N'Djetchi and Dramane Kaba and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Bernadin Ahouty Ahouty and Minay\'{e}gninrin Kon\'{e} and Bamoro Coulibaly and Thomas Konan and Adeline Segard and Lingu\'{e} Kouakou and Thierry De Mee\^{u}s and Sophie Ravel and Philippe Solano and Jean-Mathieu Bart and Vincent Jamonneau},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0010036},

issn = {1935-2735 1935-2727},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-01},

urldate = {2021-12-01},

journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},

volume = {15},

issue = {12},

pages = {e0010036},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense), the agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), may compromise the interruption of transmission targeted by World Health Organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of trypanosomes in pigs and people in the Vavoua HAT historical focus where cases were still diagnosed in the early 2010's. METHODS: For the human survey, we used the CATT, mini-anion exchange centrifugation technique and immune trypanolysis tests. For the animal survey, the buffy coat technique was also used as well as the PCR using Trypanosoma species specific, including the T. b. gambiense TgsGP detection using single round and nested PCRs, performed from animal blood samples and from strains isolated from subjects positive for parasitological investigations. RESULTS: No HAT cases were detected among 345 people tested. A total of 167 pigs were investigated. Free-ranging pigs appeared significantly more infected than pigs in pen. Over 70% of free-ranging pigs were positive for CATT and parasitological investigations and 27-43% were positive to trypanolysis depending on the antigen used. T. brucei was the most prevalent species (57%) followed by T. congolense (24%). Blood sample extracted DNA of T. brucei positive subjects were negative to single round TgsGP PCR. However, 1/22 and 6/22 isolated strains were positive with single round and nested TgsGP PCRs, respectively. DISCUSSION: Free-ranging pigs were identified as a multi-reservoir of T. brucei and/or T. congolense with mixed infections of different strains. This trypanosome diversity hinders the easy and direct detection of T. b. gambiense. We highlight the lack of tools to prove or exclude with certainty the presence of T. b. gambiense. This study once more highlights the need of technical improvements to explore the role of animals in the epidemiology of HAT.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lingani2021-is,

title = {Malaria and curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract  coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso},

author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge H Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Massa Dit A Bonko and S\'{e}kou O Samadoulougou and Toussaint Rouamba and Marc C Tahita and Ma"imouna Sanou and Annie Robert and Halidou Tinto and Philippe Donnen and Mich`ele Dramaix},

doi = {10.1186/s41182-021-00381-5},

issn = {1348-8945 1349-4147},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-01},

urldate = {2021-11-01},

journal = {Trop. Med. Health},

volume = {49},

number = {1},

pages = {90},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria and sexually transmitted/reproductive tract 

 infections (STI/RTI) are leading and preventable causes of low 

 birthweight in sub-Saharan Africa. Reducing their impact on 

 pregnancy outcomes requires efficient interventions that can be 

 easily integrated into the antenatal care package. The paucity 

 of data on malaria and STI/RTI coinfection, however, limits 

 efforts to control these infections. This study aimed to 

 determine the prevalence and associated factors of malaria and 

 STI/RTI coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso. 

 METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 402 

 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the Yako health 

 district. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected, 

 and pregnant women were tested for peripheral malaria by 

 microscopy. Hemoglobin levels were also measured by 

 spectrophotometry and curable bacterial STI/RTI were tested on 

 cervico-vaginal swabs using rapid diagnostic test for chlamydia 

 and syphilis, and Gram staining for bacterial vaginosis. A 

 multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the 

 association of malaria and STI/RTI coinfection with the 

 characteristics of included pregnant women. RESULTS: The 

 prevalence of malaria and at least one STI/RTI coinfection was 

 12.9% (95% confidence interval, CI: [9.8-16.7]), malaria and 

 bacterial vaginosis coinfection was 12.2% (95% CI: 

 [9.3-15.9]), malaria and chlamydial coinfection was 1.6% (95% 

 CI: [0.6-3.8]). No coinfection was reported for malaria and 

 syphilis. The individual prevalence was 17.2%, 7.2%, 0.6%, 

 67.7% and 73.3%, respectively, for malaria infection, 

 chlamydia, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis and STI/RTI 

 combination. Only 10% of coinfections were symptomatic, and 

 thus, 90% of women with coinfection would have been missed by 

 the symptoms-based diagnostic approach. In the multivariate analysis, the first pregnancy (aOR = 2.4 [95% CI: 1.2-4.7]) was 

 the only factor significantly associated with malaria and 

 STI/RTI coinfection. Clinical symptoms were not associated with 

 malaria and STI/RTI coinfection. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of 

 malaria and curable STI/RTI coinfection was high among pregnant 

 women. The poor performance of the clinical symptoms to predict 

 coinfection suggests that alternative interventions are needed.},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34736524 

PMCID: PMC8567650},

keywords = {Bacterial vaginosis, Burkina Faso, Chlamydia, Coinfection, Malaria, Pregnancy, Syphilis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ouoba2021-ug,

title = {Epidemiologic profile of hepatitis C virus infection and  genotype distribution in Burkina Faso: a systematic review with  meta-analysis},

author = {Serge Ouoba and Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwinde Ouedraogo and Moussa Lingani and Bunthen E and Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain and Ko Ko and Shintaro Nagashima and Aya Sugiyama and Tomoyuki Akita and Halidou Tinto and Junko Tanaka},

doi = {10.1186/s12879-021-06817-x},

issn = {1471-2334},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-01},

urldate = {2021-11-01},

journal = {BMC Infect. Dis.},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

pages = {1126},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Detailed characteristics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) 

 infection in Burkina Faso are scarce. The main aim of this study 

 was to assess HCV seroprevalence in various settings and 

 populations at risk in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2020. 

 Secondary objectives included the prevalence of HCV Ribonucleic 

 acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes. METHODS: A 

 systematic database search, supplemented by a manual search, was 

 conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and African Index 

 Medicus. Studies reporting HCV seroprevalence data in low and 

 high-risk populations in Burkina Faso were included, and a 

 random-effects meta-analysis was applied. Risk of bias was 

 assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute checklist. RESULTS: 

 Low-risk populations were examined in 31 studies involving a 

 total of 168,151 subjects, of whom 8330 were positive for HCV 

 antibodies. Six studies included a total of 1484 high-risk 

 persons, and 96 had antibodies to HCV. The pooled seroprevalence 

 in low-risk populations was 3.72% (95% CI: 3.20-4.28) and 

 4.75% (95% CI: 1.79-8.94) in high-risk groups. A 

 non-significant decreasing trend was observed over the study 

 period. Seven studies tested HCV RNA in a total of 4759 

 individuals at low risk for HCV infection, and 81 were positive. 

 The meta-analysis of HCV RNA yielded a pooled prevalence of 

 1.65% (95% CI: 0.74-2.89%) in low-risk populations, which is 

 assumed to be indicative of HCV prevalence in the general 

 population of Burkina Faso and suggests that about 301,174 

 people are active HCV carriers in the country. Genotypes 2 and 1 

 were the most frequent, with 60.3% and 25.0%, respectively. 

 CONCLUSIONS: HCV seroprevalence is intermediate in Burkina Faso 

 and indicates the need to implement effective control 

 strategies. There is a paucity of data at the national level and 

 for rural and high-risk populations. General population 

 screening and linkage to care are recommended, with special 

 attention to rural and high-risk populations.},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34724902 

PMCID: PMC8561994},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Genotype, Hepacivirus/genetics, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C/epidemiology, Humans, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Seroprevalence, Systematic review},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dal-Re2021-mr,

title = {Ongoing and future COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials: challenges  and opportunities},

author = {Rafael Dal-R\'{e} and Linda-Gail Bekker and Christian Gluud and S\oren Holm and Vivekanand Jha and Gregory A Poland and Frits R Rosendaal and Brigitte Schwarzer-Daum and Esperanc ca Sevene and Halidou Tinto and Teck Chuan Voo and Nadarajah Sreeharan},

doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00263-2},

issn = {1474-4457 1473-3099},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-01},

urldate = {2021-11-01},

journal = {Lancet Infect. Dis.},

volume = {21},

number = {11},

pages = {e342--e347},

abstract = {Large-scale deployment of COVID-19 vaccines will seriously affect 

 the ongoing phases 2 and 3 randomised placebo-controlled trials 

 assessing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates. The effect will be 

 particularly acute in high-income countries where the entire 

 adult or older population could be vaccinated by late 2021. 

 Regrettably, only a small proportion of the population in many 

 low-income and middle-income countries will have access to 

 available vaccines. Sponsors of COVID-19 vaccine candidates 

 currently in phase 2 or initiating phase 3 trials in 2021 should 

 consider continuing the research in countries with limited 

 affordability and availability of COVID-19 vaccines. Several 

 ethical principles must be implemented to ensure the equitable, 

 non-exploitative, and respectful conduct of trials in 

 resource-poor settings. Once sufficient knowledge on the 

 immunogenicity response to COVID-19 vaccines is acquired, 

 non-inferiority immunogenicity trials-comparing the immune 

 response of a vaccine candidate to that of an authorised 

 vaccine-would probably be the most common trial design. Until 

 then, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trials will 

 continue to play a role in the development of new vaccine 

 candidates. WHO or the Council for International Organizations of 

 Medical Sciences should define an ethical framework for the 

 requirements and benefits for trial participants and host 

 communities in resource-poor settings that should require 

 commitment from all vaccine candidate sponsors from high-income 

 countries.},

note = {Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PMID: 34019801 

PMCID: PMC8131060},

keywords = {Clinical Trials as Topic, COVID-19 Vaccines/administration \& dosage/immunology, COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology/prevention \& control/virology, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Immunogenicity, Pandemics/prevention \& control, SARS-CoV-2/immunology, Vaccine},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lingani2021-ae,

title = {Magnitude of low birthweight in malaria endemic settings of  Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso: a secondary data analysis},

author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge H Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Daniel Valia and Ma"imouna Sanou and S\'{e}kou O Samandoulougou and Annie Robert and Halidou Tinto and Mich`ele Dramaix and Philippe Donnen},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-00881-8},

issn = {2045-2322},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-29},

urldate = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Sci. Rep.},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {21332},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {Low birthweight (LBW) is a worldwide problem that particularly 

 affects developing countries. However, limited information is 

 available on its magnitude in rural area of Burkina Faso. This 

 study aimed to estimate the prevalence of low birthweight and to 

 identify its associated factors in Nanoro health district. A 

 secondary analysis of data collected during a cross-sectional 

 survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of low birthweight 

 in Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system area 

 (HDSS). Maternal characteristics extracted from antenatal care 

 books or by interview, completed by malaria diagnosis were 

 examined through a multi-level logistic regression to estimate 

 odd-ratios of association with low birthweight. Significance 

 level was set at 5%. Of the 291 neonates examined, the 

 prevalence of low birthweight was 12%. After adjustment for 

 socio-demographic, obstetric and malaria prevention variables, being primigravid (OR = 8.84, [95% CI: 3.72-21.01]), or multigravid with history of stillbirth (OR = 5.03, [95% CI: 

 1.54-16.40]), as well as the lack of long-lasting insecticide 

 treated bed net use by the mother the night preceding the admission for delivery (OR = 2.5, [95% CI: 1.1-5.9]) were 

 significantly associated with neonate low birthweight. The 

 number of antenatal visits however did not confer any direct 

 benefit on birthweight status within this study area. The 

 prevalence of low birthweight was high in the study area and 

 represents an important public health problem in Burkina Faso. 

 In light of these results, a redefinition of the content of the 

 antenatal care package is needed.},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34716389 

PMCID: PMC8556330},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zango2021-ti,

title = {Association of malaria and curable sexually transmitted  infections with pregnancy outcomes in rural Burkina Faso},

author = {Serge Henri Zango and Moussa Lingani and Innocent Valea and Ouindpanga Sekou Samadoulougou and Biebo Bihoun and Diagniagou Lankoande and Phillipe Donnen and Michele Dramaix and Halidou Tinto and Annie Robert},

doi = {10.1186/s12884-021-04205-6},

issn = {1471-2393},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-27},

urldate = {2021-10-27},

journal = {BMC Pregnancy Childbirth},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

pages = {722},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections 

 (STIs) are severe infections associated with poor pregnancy 

 outcomes in sub-Saharan countries. These infections are 

 responsible for low birth weight, preterm birth, and 

 miscarriage. In Burkina Faso, many interventions recommended by 

 the World Health Organization were implemented to control the 

 impact of these infections. After decades of intervention, we 

 assessed the impact of these infections on pregnancy outcomes in 

 rural setting of Burkina Faso. METHODS: Antenatal care and 

 delivery data of pregnant women attending health facilities in 

 2016 and 2017 were collected in two rural districts namely 

 Nanoro and Yako, in Burkina Faso. Regression models with 

 likelihood ratio test were used to assess the association 

 between infections and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: During the 

 two years, 31639 pregnant women received antenatal care. Malaria 

 without STI, STI without malaria, and their coinfections were 

 reported for 7359 (23.3%), 881 (2.8 %), and 388 (1.2%) women, 

 respectively. Low birth weight, miscarriage, and stillbirth were 

 observed in 2754 (10.5 %), 547 (2.0 %), and 373 (1.3 %) 

 women, respectively. Our data did not show an association 

 between low birth weight and malaria [Adjusted OR: 0.91 (0.78 - 

 1.07)], STIs [Adjusted OR: 0.74 (0.51 - 1.07)] and coinfection 

 [Adjusted OR: 1.15 (0.75 - 1.78)]. Low birth weight was strongly 

 associated with primigravidae [Adjusted OR: 3.53 (3.12 - 4.00)]. 

 Both miscarriage and stillbirth were associated with malaria 

 [Adjusted OR: 1.31 (1.07 - 1.59)], curable STI [Adjusted OR: 

 1.65 (1.06 - 2.59)], and coinfection [Adjusted OR: 2.00 (1.13 - 

 3.52)]. CONCLUSION: Poor pregnancy outcomes remained frequent in 

 rural Burkina Faso. Malaria, curable STIs, and their 

 coinfections were associated with both miscarriage and 

 stillbirth in rural Burkina. More effort should be done to 

 reduce the proportion of pregnancies lost associated with these 

 curable infections by targeting interventions in primigravidae 

 women.},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34706705 

PMCID: PMC8549350},

keywords = {Coinfection, Impact, Malaria, Outcome, Pregnancy, STI},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Starck2021-mb,

title = {The effect of malaria on haemoglobin concentrations: a  nationally representative household fixed-effects study of  17,599 children under 5 years of age in Burkina Faso},

author = {Tim Starck and Caroline A Bulstra and Halidou Tinto and Toussaint Rouamba and Ali Sie and Thomas Jaenisch and Till B\"{a}rnighausen},

doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03948-z},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-23},

urldate = {2021-10-23},

journal = {Malar. J.},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {416},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although the association between malaria and anaemia 

 is widely studied in patient cohorts, the 

 population-representative causal effects of malaria on anaemia 

 remain unknown. This study estimated the malaria-induced 

 decrease in haemoglobin levels among young children in 

 malaria-endemic Burkina Faso. METHODS: The study was based on 

 pooled individual-level nationally representative health survey 

 data (2010-2011, 2014, 2017-2018) from 17 599 children under 5 

 years of age. This data was used to estimate the effects of 

 malaria on haemoglobin concentration, controlling for household 

 fixed-effects, age, and sex in a series of regression analyses. 

 The fixed-effects controlled for observed and unobserved 

 confounding on the household level and allowed to determine the 

 impact of malaria infection status on haemoglobin levels and 

 anaemia prevalence. Furthermore, the diagnostic results from 

 microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests were leveraged to provide 

 a quasi-longitudinal perspective of acute and prolonged effects 

 after malaria infection. RESULTS: The prevalence of both malaria 

 (survey prevalence ranging from 17.4% to 65.2%) and anaemia 

 (survey prevalence ranging from 74% to 88.2%) was very high in 

 the included surveys. Malaria was estimated to significantly 

 reduce haemoglobin levels, with an overall effect of - 7.5 g/dL 

 (95% CI - 8.5, - 6.5). Acute malaria resulted in a - 7.7 g/dL 

 (95% CI - 8.8, - 6.6) decrease in haemoglobin levels. Recent 

 malaria without current parasitaemia decreased haemoglobin 

 concentration by - 7.1 g/dL (95% CI - 8.3, - 5.9). The 

 in-sample predicted prevalence of severe anaemia was 9.4% among 

 malaria positives, but only 2.2% among children without 

 malaria. CONCLUSION: Malaria infection has a strong detrimental 

 effect on haemoglobin levels among young children in Burkina 

 Faso. This effect seems to carry over even after acute 

 infection, indicating prolonged haemoglobin reductions even 

 after successful parasite-elimination. The quasi-experimental 

 fixed-effect approach adds a population level perspective to 

 existing clinical evidence.},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34688294 

PMCID: PMC8542337},

keywords = {Anaemia, Burkina Faso, Haemoglobin, Household fixed-effects, Malaria, Microscopy, Rapid diagnostic tests},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hema-Ouangraoua2021-xf,

title = {Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive  treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal  carriage of Staphylococcus aureus},

author = {Soumeya Hema-Ouangraoua and Juliette Tranchot-Diallo and Issaka Zongo and Nongodo Firmin Kabore and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Niki`ema and Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga and Halidou Tinto and Daniel Chandramohan and Georges-Anicet Ouedraogo and Brian Greenwood and Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0257190},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-13},

urldate = {2021-10-01},

journal = {PLoS One},

volume = {16},

number = {10},

pages = {e0257190},

publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},

abstract = {Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of serious illness and 

 death in children, indicating the need to monitor prevalent 

 strains, particularly in the vulnerable pediatric population. 

 Nasal carriage of S. aureus is important as carriers have an 

 increased risk of serious illness due to systemic invasion by 

 this pathogen and can transmit the infection. Recent studies 

 have demonstrated the effectiveness of azithromycin in reducing 

 the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carrying of pneumococci, which 

 are often implicated in respiratory infections in children. 

 However, very few studies of the impact of azithromycin on 

 staphylococci have been undertaken. During a clinical trial 

 under taken in 2016, nasal swabs were collected from 778 

 children aged 3 to 59 months including 385 children who were 

 swabbed before administration of azithromycin or placebo and 393 

 after administration of azithromycin or placebo. Azithromycin 

 was given in a dose of 100 mg for three days, together with the 

 antimalarials sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine, on four 

 occasions at monthly intervals during the malaria transmission 

 season. These samples were cultured for S. aureus as well as for 

 the pneumococcus. The S. aureus isolates were tested for their 

 susceptibility to azithromycin (15 g), penicillin (10 IU), and 

 cefoxitine (30 g) (Oxoid Ltd). S. aureus was isolated from 

 13.77% (53/385) swabs before administration of azithromycin and from 20.10% (79/393) six months after administration (PR = 1.46 [1.06; 2.01},

note = {PMID: 34644317 

PMCID: PMC8513893},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Diendere2021-lc,

title = {Associations between dental problems and underweight status  among rural women in Burkina Faso: results from the first WHO  Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey},

author = {Jeoffray Diend\'{e}r\'{e} and Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba and Sibraogo Kiemtor\'{e} and Olivier Ouahamin Sombi\'{e} and Philippe Fayemendy and Pierre J\'{e}sus and Athanase Millogo and Aly Savadogo and Halidou Tinto and Jean-Claude Desport},

doi = {10.1017/S1368980021004080},

issn = {1475-2727 1368-9800},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-07},

urldate = {2021-10-07},

journal = {Public Health Nutr.},

pages = {1--11},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between dental problems 

 and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso by 

 using nationally representative data. DESIGN: This was a 

 cross-sectional secondary study of primary data obtained by the 

 2013 WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance survey conducted in 

 Burkina Faso. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed 

 using Student's t test, ANOVA, the $chi$2 test, Fisher's exact 

 test and logistic regression. SETTING: All thirteen 

 Burkinab`e regions were categorised using quartiles of 

 urbanisation rates. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 1730 

 rural women aged 25-64 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of 

 underweight was 16·0 %, and 24·1 % of participants experienced 

 dental problems during the 12-month period. The women with 

 dental problems were more frequently underweight (19·9 % and 

 14·7 %; P 49 years old) and smokeless tobacco users. Age \> 49 

 years, professions with inconsistent income, a lack of 

 education, smokeless tobacco use and low BMI were factors that 

 were significantly associated with dental problems, while 

 residency in a low-urbanisation area was a protective factor. 

 CONCLUSION: The prevalence of underweight in rural Burkinab`e 

 women is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and women with 

 dental problems are more frequently affected than those without 

 dental problems. Public health measures for the prevention of 

 these disorders should specifically target women aged over 49 

 years and smokeless tobacco users.},

note = {Place: England

PMID: 34615560},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, Dental problems, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural women, Underweight},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Phiri2021-oy,

title = {The duration of protection from azithromycin against malaria,  acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin infections when  given alongside seasonal malaria chemoprevention: Secondary  analyses of data from a clinical trial in hound\'{e}, Burkina  Faso, and bougouni, Mali},

author = {Mphatso Dennis Phiri and Matthew Cairns and Issaka Zongo and Frederic Nikiema and Modibo Diarra and Rakiswend\'{e} Serge Yerbanga and Amadou Barry and Amadou Tapily and Samba Coumare and Ismaila Thera and Irene Kuepfer and Paul Milligan and Halidou Tinto and Alassane Dicko and Jean Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo and Brian Greenwood and Daniel Chandramohan and Issaka Sagara},

doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa1905},

issn = {1537-6591 1058-4838},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

urldate = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Clin. Infect. Dis.},

volume = {73},

number = {7},

pages = {e2379--e2386},

publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin 

 (AZ) is being considered as a strategy to promote child survival 

 in sub-Saharan Africa, but the mechanism by which AZ reduces 

 mortality is unclear. To better understand the nature and extent 

 of protection provided by AZ, we explored the profile of 

 protection by time since administration, using data from a 

 household-randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Burkina Faso 

 and Mali. METHODS: Between 2014 and 2016, 30 977 children aged 

 3-59 months received seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with 

 sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine and either AZ or 

 placebo monthly, on 4 occasions each year. Poisson regression 

 with gamma-distributed random effects, accounting for the 

 household randomization and within-individual clustering of 

 illness episodes, was used to compare incidence of prespecified 

 outcomes between SMC+AZ versus SMC+placebo groups in fixed time 

 strata post-treatment. The likelihood ratio test was used to 

 assess evidence for a time-treatment group interaction. RESULTS: 

 Relative to SMC+placebo, there was no evidence of protection 

 from SMC+AZ against hospital admissions and deaths. Additional 

 protection from SMC+AZ against malaria was confined to the first 

 2 weeks post-administration (protective efficacy (PE): 24.2% 

 [95% CI: 17.8%, 30.1%]). Gastroenteritis and pneumonia were 

 reduced by 29.9% [21.7; 37.3%], and 34.3% [14.9; 49.3%], 

 respectively, in the first 2 weeks postadministration. 

 Protection against nonmalaria fevers with a skin condition 

 persisted up to 28 days: PE: 46.3% [35.1; 55.6%]. CONCLUSIONS: 

 The benefits of AZ-MDA are broad-ranging but short-lived. To 

 maximize impact, timing of AZ-MDA must address the challenge of 

 targeting asynchronous morbidity and mortality peaks from 

 different causes.},

note = {© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

PMID: 33417683 

PMCID: PMC8492219},

keywords = {Antimalarials/therapeutic use, Azithromycin, Azithromycin/therapeutic use, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Chemoprevention, Child, child mortality, Drug Combinations, duration of protection, Humans, Infant, Malaria/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention \& control, Mali/epidemiology, Preschool, Sahel, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, Seasons},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bonko2021-en,

title = {Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates from  febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso},

author = {Massa Dit Achille Bonko and Marc Christian Tahita and Francois Kiemde and Palpouguini Lompo and Sibidou Yougbar\'{e} and Athanase M Some and Halidou Tinto and Petra F Mens and Sandra Menting and Henk D F H Schallig},

doi = {10.1111/tmi.13644},

issn = {1365-3156 1360-2276},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

urldate = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Trop. Med. Int. Health},

volume = {26},

number = {10},

pages = {1220--1230},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Antibiotics efficacy is severely threatened due to 

 emerging resistance worldwide, but there is a paucity of 

 antibiotics efficacy data for the West African region in 

 general. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic 

 susceptibility profile of bacterial isolated from febrile 

 children under 5 years of age in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). METHODS: 

 Blood, stool and urine samples were collected from 1099 febrile 

 children attending peripheral health facilities and the referral 

 hospital in Nanoro Health district. Bacterial isolates from 

 these samples were assessed for their susceptibility against 

 commonly used antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS: In 

 total, 141 bacterial isolates were recovered from 127 febrile 

 children of which 65 from blood, 65 from stool and 11 from 

 urine. Salmonella isolates were most frequently isolated and 

 found to be highly resistant to ampicillin (70%; 56/80) and 

 trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (65%; 52/80). Escherichia coli 

 isolates showed a high resistance rate to 

 trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%), 

 ciprofloxacin (71.4%; 10/14), amoxicillin-clavulanate (64.3%; 

 9/14), ceftriaxone (64.3%; 9/14) and gentamycin (50%; 7/14). 

 Moreover, half of the E. coli isolates produced \ss-lactamase 

 suggesting multi-drug resistance against $beta$-lactam as well 

 as non-$beta$-lactam antibiotics. Multi-drug resistance was 

 observed in 54.6% (59/108) of the isolates, mainly 

 Gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed high 

 resistance rates to common antibiotics used to treat bacterial 

 infections in Nanoro. The work prompts the need to expand 

 antibiotic resistance surveillance studies in Burkina Faso.},

note = {© 2021 The Authors Tropical Medicine \& International Health Published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.

Place: England

PMID: 34185935},

keywords = {antibiotic resistance, bacteria, febrile children},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}