Publications

@article{Portugaliza2022,

title = {Plasmodium falciparum sexual conversion rates can be affected by artemisinin-based treatment in naturally infected malaria patients},

author = {Harvie P. Portugaliza and H. Magloire Natama and Pieter Guetens and Eduard Rovira-Vallbona and Athanase M. Som\'{e} and Aida Millogo and D. Florence Ou\'{e}draogo and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Hermann Sorgho and Halidou Tinto and Nguyen Hong and Antonio Sitoe and Rosauro Varo and Quique Bassat and Alfred Cort\'{e}s and Anna Rosanas-Urgell},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352396422003802},

doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104198},

issn = {23523964},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {eBioMedicine},

volume = {83},

pages = {104198},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Artemisinins (ART) are the key component of the frontline antimalarial treatment, but their impact on Plasmodium falciparum sexual conversion rates in natural malaria infections remains unknown. This is an important knowledge gap because sexual conversion rates determine the relative parasite investment between maintaining infection in the same human host and transmission to mosquitoes. METHODS The primary outcome of this study was to assess the impact of ART-based treatment on sexual conversion rates by comparing the relative transcript levels of pfap2-g and other sexual ring biomarkers (SRBs) before and after treatment. We analysed samples from previously existing cohorts in Vietnam, Burkina Faso and Mozambique (in total},

keywords = {Artemisinin, Malaria transmission, pfap2-g, Plasmodium falciparum, Sexual conversion},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sariola2022,

title = {Closing the GAP in Antimicrobial Resistance Policy in Benin and Burkina Faso},

author = {Salla Sariola and Andrea Butcher and Jose A. Ca\~{n}ada and Mariette A\"{i}kp\'{e} and Ad\'{e}la\"{i}de Compaore},

editor = {Li Cui},

url = {https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msystems.00150-22},

doi = {10.1128/msystems.00150-22},

issn = {2379-5077},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {mSystems},

volume = {7},

issue = {4},

abstract = {\<p\>The burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is unequally distributed across the globe. Low-income countries face a more severe AMR situation and have fewer means to solve the problem.\</p\>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Duval2022,

title = {Household costs associated with seeking malaria treatment during pregnancy: evidence from Burkina Faso and The Gambia},

author = {Laetitia Duval and Elisa Sicuri and Susana Scott and Maminata Traor\'{e} and Bunja Daabo and Halidou Tinto and Koen Peeters Grietens and Umberto d’Alessando and Henk Schallig and Petra Mens and Lesong Conteh},

url = {https://resource-allocation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12962-022-00376-x},

doi = {10.1186/s12962-022-00376-x},

issn = {1478-7547},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation},

volume = {20},

issue = {1},

pages = {42},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Malaria in pregnancy remains a major health threat in sub-Saharan Africa to both expectant mothers and their unborn children. To date, there have been very few studies focused on the out of pocket costs associated with seeking treatment for malaria during pregnancy. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Burkina Faso and The Gambia to estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with outpatient consultations (OP) and inpatient admissions (IP). Direct costs were broken down into medical (admission fees, drug charges, and laboratory fees), and non-medical (transportation and food). Indirect costs reflected time lost due to illness. In total, 220 pregnant women in Burkina Faso and 263 in The Gambia were interviewed about their treatment seeking decisions, expenditure, time use and financial support associated with each malaria episode. RESULTS In Burkina Faso 6.7% sought treatment elsewhere before their OP visits, and 27.1% before their IP visits. This compares to 1.3% for OP and 25.92% for IP in The Gambia. Once at the facility, the average direct costs (out of pocket) were 3.91US$ for an OP visit and 15.38US$ of an IP visit in Burkina Faso, and 0.80US$ for an OP visit and 9.19US$ for an IP visit in The Gambia. Inpatient direct costs were driven by drug costs (9.27US$) and transportation costs (2.72US$) in Burkina Faso and drug costs (3.44 US$) and food costs (3.44 US$) in The Gambia. Indirect costs of IP visits, valued as the opportunity cost of time lost due to the illness, were estimated at 11.85US$ in Burkina Faso and 4.07US$ in The Gambia. The difference across the two countries was mainly due to the longer time of hospitalization in Burkina Faso compared to The Gambia. In The Gambia, the vast majority of pregnant women reported receiving financial support from family members living abroad, most commonly siblings (65%). CONCLUSIONS High malaria treatment costs are incurred by pregnant women in Burkina Faso and The Gambia. Beyond the medical costs of fees and drugs, costs in terms of transport, food and time are significant drivers. The role of remittances, particularly their effect on accessing health care, needs further investigation.},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, Cost, Gambia, Malaria, Pregnancy, Remittances, sub-Saharan Africa},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Brandenburg2022,

title = {Apolipoprotein L1 High-Risk Genotypes and Albuminuria in Sub-Saharan African Populations},

author = {Jean-Tristan Brandenburg and Melanie A. Govender and Cheryl A. Winkler and Palwende Romuald Boua and Godfred Agongo and June Fabian and Mich\`{e}le Ramsay},

url = {https://journals.lww.com/10.2215/CJN.14321121},

doi = {10.2215/CJN.14321121},

issn = {1555-9041},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology},

volume = {17},

issue = {6},

pages = {798-808},

abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recessive inheritance of African-specific APOL1 kidney risk variants is associated with higher risk of nondiabetic kidney disease, progression to kidney failure, and early-onset albuminuria that precedes eGFR decline. The effect of APOL1 risk variants on kidney disease in continental Africans is understudied. Objectives of this study were to determine APOL1 risk allele prevalence and associations between APOL1 genotypes and kidney disease in West, East, and South Africa. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, \& MEASUREMENTS This cross-sectional population-based study in four African countries included 10,769 participants largely aged 40-60 years with sociodemographic and health information, anthropometry data, and blood and urine tests for biomarkers of kidney disease. APOL1 risk alleles were imputed from the H3Africa genotyping array, APOL1 risk allele and genotype frequencies were determined, and genetic associations were assessed for kidney disease. Kidney disease was defined as the presence of eGFR \<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, albuminuria, or a composite end point including eGFR \<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and/or albuminuria. RESULTS High G1 allele frequencies occurred in South and West Africa (approximately 7%-13%). G2 allele frequencies were highest in South Africa (15%-24%), followed by West Africa (9%-12%). Associations between APOL1 risk variants and albuminuria were significant for recessive (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 2.12) and additive (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.76) models. Associations were stronger for APOL1 G1/G1 genotypes versus G0/G0 (odds ratio, 3.87; 95% confidence interval, 2.16 to 6.93) compared with either G2/G2 (odds ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 2.51) or G1/G2 (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.87). No association between APOL1 risk variants and eGFR \<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was observed. CONCLUSIONS APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles and high-risk genotype frequencies differed between and within West and South Africa and were almost absent from East Africa. APOL1 risk variants were associated with albuminuria but not eGFR \<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. There may be differential effects of homozygous G1 and G2 genotypes on albuminuria that require further investigation. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_05_16_CJN14321121.mp3.},

keywords = {albuminuria, apolipoprotein L1, chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate, molecular genetics},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rosenthal2022,

title = {Cooperation in Countering Artemisinin Resistance in Africa: Learning from COVID-19},

author = {Philip J. Rosenthal and Anders Bj\"{o}rkman and Mehul Dhorda and Abdoulaye Djimde and Arjen M. Dondorp and Oumar Gaye and Philippe J. Guerin and Elizabeth Juma and Dominic P. Kwiatkowski and Laura Merson and Francine Ntoumi and Ric N. Price and Jaishree Raman and David S. Roos and Feiko Kuile and Halidou Tinto and Sheena S. Tomko and Nicholas J. White and Karen I. Barnes},

url = {https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/106/6/article-p1568.xml},

doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.22-0148},

issn = {0002-9637},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene},

volume = {106},

issue = {6},

pages = {1568-1570},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {In vivo antimalarial activity, safety and phytochemical screening of Canthium multiflorum (Schumach. \&Thonn.) Hiern (Rubiaceae)},

author = {KOAMA Benjamin Kouliga and YERBANGA Rakiswend\'{e} Serge and DA Ollo and YOUGBARE Sibidou and NATAMA Hamtandi Magloire and OUEDRAOGO Georges Anicet and OUEDRAOGO Jean Bosco and TRAORE/COULIBALY Maminata},

url = {https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR/article-abstract/48516B269295},

doi = {10.5897/JMPR2022.7226},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Medicinal Plants Research},

volume = {16},

issue = {6},

pages = {196-204},

abstract = {Canthium multiflorum (Thonn.) Hiern (Rubiaceae) is a popular herb used by traditional healers in western Burkina Faso. C. multiflorum leaves are widely used in decoction to treat malaria. The present study aims to evaluate its in vivo potential against malaria parasites in mice. The antimalarial activity of the organic and aqueous extracts of C. multiflorum leaves was evaluated on Plasmodium berghei Anka in NMRI mice using the Peters 4-day suppressive test. The fractions of the extracts were also tested. The acute toxicity study was performed according to Lorke method and sub-acute toxicity by Seewaboon method. Phytochemical analysis of extracts was carried out according to Ciulei method. The results showed that ethanolic and decoctions were the best inhibitors of parasites’ growth. The ethanolic extract exhibited an inhibition of 22.5, 30.8 and 81.9% at 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. While the decoction with water, an inhibition of 10.1, 25.9 and 74.2% at the same doses. Fractions’ extracts showed moderate activities at dose of 250 mg/kg bw. In addition, no mortality was recorded with the ethanolic extract. No signs of toxicity were observed in animals in the sub-acute toxicity study. The phytochemical constituents of the extracts were mainly steroids and/or triterpenes, flavonoids, emodols, carotenoids, coumarins, tannins, saponins, anthocyanosides and reducing compounds. Ethanol and decoctions of C. multiflorum leaves have been shown to have significant antimalarial activity in infected mice, with no toxicity. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the previously chemical groups found in the roots of the plant.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Choudhury2022,

title = {Meta-analysis of sub-Saharan African studies provides insights into genetic architecture of lipid traits},

author = {Ananyo Choudhury and Jean-Tristan Brandenburg and Tinashe Chikowore and Dhriti Sengupta and Palwende Romuald Boua and Nigel J. Crowther and Godfred Agongo and Gershim Asiki and F. Xavier G\'{o}mez-Oliv\'{e} and Isaac Kisiangani and Eric Maimela and Matshane Masemola-Maphutha and Lisa K. Micklesfield and Engelbert A. Nonterah and Shane A. Norris and Hermann Sorgho and Halidou Tinto and Stephen Tollman and Sarah E. Graham and Cristen J. Willer and Scott Hazelhurst and Mich\`{e}le Ramsay},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-30098-w},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-30098-w},

issn = {2041-1723},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

issue = {1},

pages = {2578},

abstract = {\<p\> Genetic associations for lipid traits have identified hundreds of variants with clear differences across European, Asian and African studies. Based on a sub-Saharan-African GWAS for lipid traits in the population cross-sectional AWI-Gen cohort ( \<italic\>N\</italic\> = 10,603) we report a novel LDL-C association in the \<italic\>GATB\</italic\> region ( \<italic\>P\</italic\> -value=1.56 × 10 ^{−8} ). Meta-analysis with four other African cohorts ( \<italic\>N\</italic\> = 23,718) provides supporting evidence for the LDL-C association with the \<italic\>GATB/FHIP1A\</italic\> region and identifies a novel triglyceride association signal close to the \<italic\>FHIT\</italic\> gene ( \<italic\>P\</italic\> -value =2.66 × 10 ^{−8} ). Our data enable fine-mapping of several well-known lipid-trait loci including \<italic\>LDLR, PMFBP1\</italic\> and \<italic\>LPA\</italic\> . The transferability of signals detected in two large global studies (GLGC and PAGE) consistently improves with an increase in the size of the African replication cohort. Polygenic risk score analysis shows increased predictive accuracy for LDL-C levels with the narrowing of genetic distance between the discovery dataset and our cohort. Novel discovery is enhanced with the inclusion of African data. \</p\>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Monitoring the elimination of \textit{gambiense} human African trypanosomiasis in the historical focus of Bati\'{e}, South\textendashWest Burkina Faso},

author = {Charlie Franck Alfred Compaor\'{e} and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Lian Francesca Thomas and Laura Cristina Falzon and Mohamed Bamba and Hassane Sakande and Minay\'{e}gninrin Kon\'{e} and Dramane Kaba and Clarisse Bougouma and Ilboudo Adama and Ouedraogo Amathe and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem and Eric Maurice F\`{e}vre and Philippe B\"{u}scher and Veerle Lejon and Vincent Jamonneau},

url = {https://www.parasite-journal.org/10.1051/parasite/2022024},

doi = {10.1051/parasite/2022024},

issn = {1776-1042},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Parasite},

volume = {29},

pages = {25},

abstract = {\<p\> The World Health Organisation has targeted the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) as zero transmission by 2030. Continued surveillance needs to be in place for early detection of re-emergent cases. In this context, the performance of diagnostic tests and testing algorithms for detection of the re-emergence of \<italic\>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense\</italic\> HAT remains to be assessed. We carried out a door-to-door active medical survey for HAT in the historical focus of Bati\'{e}, South\textendashWest Burkina Faso. Screening was done using three rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Two laboratory tests (ELISA/ \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> and immune trypanolysis) and parasitological examination were performed on RDT positives only. In total, 5883 participants were screened, among which 842 (14%) tested positive in at least one RDT. Blood from 519 RDT positives was examined microscopically but no trypanosomes were observed. The HAT Sero- \<italic\>K\</italic\> -Set test showed the lowest specificity of 89%, while the specificities of SD Bioline HAT and rHAT Sero-Strip were 92% and 99%, respectively. The specificity of ELISA/ \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> and trypanolysis was 99% (98\textendash99%) and 100% (99\textendash100%), respectively. Our results suggest that \<italic\>T. b. gambiense\</italic\> is no longer circulating in the study area and that zero transmission has probably been attained. While a least cost analysis is still required, our study showed that RDT preselection followed by trypanolysis may be a useful strategy for post-elimination surveillance in Burkina Faso. \</p\>},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, Diagnosis, Dried blood spot, Elimination, Human African trypanosomiasis, Rapid diagnostic test, Specificity, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nonterah2022,

title = {Carotid Atherosclerosis, Microalbuminuria, and Estimated 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Sub-Saharan Africa},

author = {Engelbert A. Nonterah and Daniel Boateng and Nigel J. Crowther and Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch and Abraham R. Oduro and Godfred Agongo and Shukri F. Mohamed and Palwend\'{e} R. Boua and Solomon S. R. Choma and Shane A. Norris and Stephen M. Tollman and Michiel L. Bots and Mich\`{e}le Ramsay and Diederick Grobbee},

url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2791534},

doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7559},

issn = {2574-3805},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {JAMA Network Open},

volume = {5},

issue = {4},

pages = {e227559},

abstract = {Importance: Carotid atherosclerosis and microalbuminuria are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) but are understudied in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To evaluate the association of carotid atherosclerosis and microalbuminuria with 10-year ASCVD risk in middle-aged sub-Saharan African individuals. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study conducted analyses of baseline data from the African-Wits-INDEPTH (International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries) genomic study (AWI-Gen). Women and men aged 40 to 60 years without baseline CVD and drawn from Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa were included. Main Outcomes and Measures: Hypotheses for the analyses were formulated after data collection. The main exposures were carotid atherosclerosis, assessed using carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) using B-mode ultrasonography, and microalbuminuria, measured using spot urine albumin (SUA) and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR). The main outcome was high ASCVD risk, defined as a 2018 Pooled Cohort Equations score of 7.5% or greater. Associations were estimated using adjusted multivariable logistic regression analyses. Findings: A total of 9010 participants with a mean (SD) age of 50 (6) years and 4533 (50.3%) women were included. High CIMT, SUA, and uACR were each associated with older age (eg, mean [SD] age of participants with high vs reference range CIMT: 55 [5] years vs 50 [6] years; P \<.001) and high prevalence of both diabetes and hypertension (eg, hypertension among those with high vs reference range SUA: 213 of 1117 [19.1%] vs 356 of 2549 [14.0%]; P \<.001). Smokers were likely to have higher vs reference range SUA (210 [18.8%] vs 407 [16.0%]) and uACR (138 of 707 [19.5%] vs 456 of 2797 [16.3%]). Carotid atherosclerosis was common in Burkina Faso (82 of 262 [31.3%]) and Ghana (91 [34.7%]), while microalbuminuria, measured by SUA, was common in Kenya (272 [24.4%]) and South Africa (519 [46.5%]). SUA was associated with higher odds of carotid atherosclerosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% CI, 1.04-3.01) compared with uACR (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.95). Common CIMT, SUA, and uACR were associated with 10-year ASCVD risk, with CIMT having a stronger association with 10-year ASCVD risk in both women (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.78-2.14) and men (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.55-1.93) than SUA (women: OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12-1.43; men: OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.26-1.55) and uACR (women: OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10-1.54; men: OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.15-1.46). Conclusions and Relevance: The presence of microalbuminuria measured by SUA may indicate risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and high 10-year ASCVD risk in middle-aged residents of sub-Saharan Africa. These data should be confirmed in longitudinal studies of cardiovascular events.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Valia2022,

title = {Use of WATCH antibiotics prior to presentation to the hospital in rural Burkina Faso},

author = {Daniel Valia and Brecht Ingelbeen and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Ibrahima Karama and Marjan Peeters and Palpouguini Lompo and Erika Vlieghe and Annelies Post and Janneke Cox and Quirijn Mast and Annie Robert and Marianne A. B. Sande and Hector Rodriguez Villalobos and Andre Ven and Halidou Tinto and Jan Jacobs},

url = {https://aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13756-022-01098-8},

doi = {10.1186/s13756-022-01098-8},

issn = {2047-2994},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Antimicrobial Resistance \& Infection Control},

volume = {11},

issue = {1},

pages = {59},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: In low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing. To control AMR, WHO recommends monitoring  antibiotic use, in particular Watch antibiotics. These are critically important  antibiotics, with restricted use because at risk of becoming ineffective due to  increasing AMR. We investigated pre-hospital antibiotic use in rural Burkina  Faso. METHODS: During 2016-2017, we collected data from patients aged \> 3 months  presenting with severe acute fever to the rural hospital of Nanoro Health  District, Burkina Faso, including antibiotic use in the two weeks prior to  consultation or hospitalization. We analysed reported antibiotic use by applying  the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve classification. RESULTS: Of 920 febrile  participants (63.0% ≤ 14 years), pre-hospital antibiotic use was reported by 363  (39.5%). Among these 363, microbiological diagnoses were available for 275  (75.8%) patients, of whom 162 (58.9%) were non-bacterial infections. Use of more  than one antibiotic was reported by 58/363 (16.0%) participants. Of 491  self-referred patients who did not previously visit a primary health care center,  131 (26.7%) reported antibiotic use. Of 424 antibiotics reported, 265 (62.5%)  were Access and 159 (37.5%) Watch antibiotics. Watch antibiotic use was more  frequent among patients \> 14 year olds (51.1%) compared to those 0-14 year old  (30.7%, p \< 0.001) and among referrals from the primary health care centers  (42.2%) compared to self-referred patients (28.1%, p = 0.004). Most frequently  reported Watch antibiotics were ceftriaxone (114, 71.7%) and ciprofloxacin (32,  20.1%). CONCLUSION: The reported frequent use of Watch group antibiotics among  febrile patients prior to presentation to the hospital in rural Burkina Faso  highlights the need to develop targeted interventions to improve antibiotic use  in community settings as part of strengthening antibiotic stewardship in low- and  middle-income countries. This should include facilitating referral, access to  qualified prescribers and diagnostic tools in rural primary health care centers.  Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02669823. Registration date  was February 1, 2016.},

keywords = {Antimicrobial resistance, AWaRe, Burkina Faso, Community antibiotic use},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lingani2022,

title = {Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among first antenatal care attendees in rural Burkina Faso},

author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge H. Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Ma\"{i}mouna Sanou and Serge Ouoba and S\'{e}kou Samadoulougou and Annie Robert and Halidou Tinto and Mich\`{e}le Dramaix and Philippe Donnen},

url = {https://tropmedhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41182-022-00442-3},

doi = {10.1186/s41182-022-00442-3},

issn = {1349-4147},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Tropical Medicine and Health},

volume = {50},

issue = {1},

pages = {49},

abstract = {BACKGROUND The WHO recommends continuous surveillance of malaria in endemic countries to identify areas and populations most in need for targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malaria and its associated factors among first antenatal care (ANC) attendees in rural Burkina Faso. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2019 and September 2020 at the Yako health district and included 1067 first ANC attendees. Sociodemographic, gyneco-obstetric, and medical characteristics were collected. Malaria was diagnosed by standard microscopy and hemoglobin level was measured by spectrophotometry. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with malaria infection. RESULTS Overall malaria infection prevalence was 16.1% (167/1039). Among malaria-positive women, the geometric mean parasite density was 1204 [95% confidence interval (CI) 934-1552] parasites/µL and the proportion of very low (1-199 parasites/µL), low (200-999 parasites/µL), medium (1000-9999 parasites/µL) and high (≥ 10,000 parasites/µL) parasite densities were 15.0%, 35.3%, 38.3% and 11.4%, respectively. Age \< 20 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.2; 95% CI 1.4-3.5), anemia (hemoglobin \< 11 g/deciliter) (aOR: 3.4; 95% CI 2.2-5.5), the non-use of bed net (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and the absence of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (aOR: 5.8; 95% CI 2.1-24.5) were positively associated with malaria infection. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that one out of six pregnant women had a microscopy-detected P. falciparum malaria infection at their first ANC visit. Strengthening malaria prevention strategies during the first ANC visit is needed to prevent unfavorable birth outcomes.},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, First antenatal care visit, Malaria, Pregnancy},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mansoor2022,

title = {Haematological consequences of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network pooled analysis of individual patient data},

author = {Rashid Mansoor and Robert J. Commons and Nicholas M. Douglas and Benjamin Abuaku and Jane Achan and Ishag Adam and George O. Adjei and Martin Adjuik and Bereket H. Alemayehu and Richard Allan and Elizabeth N. Allen and Anupkumar R. Anvikar and Emmanuel Arinaitwe and Elizabeth A. Ashley and Hazel Ashurst and Puji B. S. Asih and Nathan Bakyaita and Hubert Barennes and Karen I. Barnes and Leonardo Basco and Quique Bassat and Elisabeth Baudin and David J Bell and Delia Bethell and Anders Bjorkman and Caroline Boulton and Teun Bousema and Philippe Brasseur and Hasifa Bukirwa and Rebekah Burrow and Verena I. Carrara and Michel Cot and Umberto D’Alessandro and Debashish Das and Sabyasachi Das and Timothy M. E. Davis and Meghna Desai and Abdoulaye A. Djimde and Arjen M. Dondorp and Grant Dorsey and Chris J. Drakeley and Stephan Duparc and Emmanuelle Espi\'{e} and Jean-Francois Etard and Catherine Falade and Jean Francois Faucher and Scott Filler and Carole Fogg and Mark Fukuda and Oumar Gaye and Blaise Genton and Awab Ghulam Rahim and Julius Gilayeneh and Raquel Gonzalez and Rebecca F. Grais and Francesco Grandesso and Brian Greenwood and Anastasia Grivoyannis and Christoph Hatz and Eva Maria Hodel and Georgina S. Humphreys and Jimee Hwang and Deus Ishengoma and Elizabeth Juma and S. Patrick Kachur and Piet A. Kager and Erasmus Kamugisha and Moses R. Kamya and Corine Karema and Kassoum Kayentao and Adama Kazienga and Jean-Ren\'{e} Kiechel and Poul-Erik Kofoed and Kwadwo Koram and Peter G. Kremsner and David G. Lalloo and Moses Laman and Sue J. Lee and Bertrand Lell and Amelia W. Maiga and Andreas Mr{a}rtensson and Mayfong Mayxay and Wilfred Mbacham and Rose McGready and Herv\'{e} Menan and Didier M\'{e}nard and Frank Mockenhaupt and Brioni R. Moore and Olaf M\"{u}ller and Alain Nahum and Jean-Louis Ndiaye and Paul N. Newton and Billy E. Ngasala and Frederic Nikiema and Akindeh M. Nji and Harald Noedl and Francois Nosten and Bernhards R. Ogutu and Olusola Ojurongbe and Lyda Osorio and Jean-Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo and Seth Owusu-Agyei and Anil Pareek and Louis K. Penali and Patrice Piola and Mateusz Plucinski and Zul Premji and Michael Ramharter and Caitlin L. Richmond and Lars Rombo and Cally Roper and Philip J. Rosenthal and Sam Salman and Albert Same-Ekobo and Carol Sibley and Sodiomon B. Sirima and Frank M. Smithuis and Fabrice A. Som\'{e} and Sarah G. Staedke and Peter Starzengruber and Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft and Inge Sutanto and Todd D. Swarthout and Din Syafruddin and Ambrose O. Talisuna and Walter R. Taylor and Emmanuel A. Temu and Julie I. Thwing and Halidou Tinto and Emiliana Tjitra and Offianan A. Tour\'{e} and T. Hien Tran and Johan Ursing and Innocent Valea and Giovanni Valentini and Michele Vugt and Lorenz Seidlein and Stephen A. Ward and Vincent Were and Nicholas J. White and Charles J. Woodrow and William Yavo and Adoke Yeka and Issaka Zongo and Julie A. Simpson and Philippe J. Guerin and Kasia Stepniewska and Ric N. Price},

url = {https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-022-02265-9},

doi = {10.1186/s12916-022-02265-9},

issn = {1741-7015},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {BMC Medicine},

volume = {20},

issue = {1},

pages = {85},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with anaemia-related morbidity, attributable to host, parasite and drug factors. We quantified the haematological response following treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria to identify the factors associated with malarial anaemia. METHODS Individual patient data from eligible antimalarial efficacy studies of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, available through the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network data repository prior to August 2015, were pooled using standardised methodology. The haematological response over time was quantified using a multivariable linear mixed effects model with nonlinear terms for time, and the model was then used to estimate the mean haemoglobin at day of nadir and day 7. Multivariable logistic regression quantified risk factors for moderately severe anaemia (haemoglobin \< 7 g/dL) at day 0, day 3 and day 7 as well as a fractional fall ≥ 25% at day 3 and day 7. RESULTS A total of 70,226 patients, recruited into 200 studies between 1991 and 2013, were included in the analysis: 50,859 (72.4%) enrolled in Africa, 18,451 (26.3%) in Asia and 916 (1.3%) in South America. The median haemoglobin concentration at presentation was 9.9 g/dL (range 5.0-19.7 g/dL) in Africa, 11.6 g/dL (range 5.0-20.0 g/dL) in Asia and 12.3 g/dL (range 6.9-17.9 g/dL) in South America. Moderately severe anaemia (Hb \< 7g/dl) was present in 8.4% (4284/50,859) of patients from Africa, 3.3% (606/18,451) from Asia and 0.1% (1/916) from South America. The nadir haemoglobin occurred on day 2 post treatment with a mean fall from baseline of 0.57 g/dL in Africa and 1.13 g/dL in Asia. Independent risk factors for moderately severe anaemia on day 7, in both Africa and Asia, included moderately severe anaemia at baseline (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 16.10 and AOR = 23.00, respectively), young age (age \< 1 compared to ≥ 12 years AOR = 12.81 and AOR = 6.79, respectively), high parasitaemia (AOR = 1.78 and AOR = 1.58, respectively) and delayed parasite clearance (AOR = 2.44 and AOR = 2.59, respectively). In Asia, patients treated with an artemisinin-based regimen were at significantly greater risk of moderately severe anaemia on day 7 compared to those treated with a non-artemisinin-based regimen (AOR = 2.06 [95%CI 1.39-3.05], p \< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, the nadir haemoglobin occurs 2 days after starting treatment. Although artemisinin-based treatments increase the rate of parasite clearance, in Asia they are associated with a greater risk of anaemia during recovery.},

keywords = {Antimalarials, Artemisinin-based therapy, Haemoglobin, Non-artemisinin-based therapy, Plasmodium falciparum, Pooled analysis of individual patient data, Severe anaemia},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bognini2022,

title = {What are the trends in seeking health care for fever in children under-five in Sierra Leone? evidence from four population-based studies before and after the free health care initiative},

author = {Joel Dofinissery Bognini and Sekou Samadoulougou and Mady Ouedraogo and Francis Smart and David Tiga Kankoye and Osman Sankoh and Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou},

editor = {Mary Hamer Hodges},

url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263364},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0263364},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {PLOS ONE},

volume = {17},

issue = {2},

pages = {e0263364},

abstract = {Background In 2010, the government of Sierra Leone implemented the Free Health Care Initiative (FHCI) in the country with the objective of reducing the high maternal, infant, and child mortality rates and improving general health indicators. The objective of this study was to assess the trends in the prevalence of health care-seeking and to identify the determinants of healthcare service utilization by caregivers of children younger than five years. Methods The analysis of health-care-seeking behavior was done using data from four populationbased surveys in Sierra Leone before (2008) and after (2013, 2016, 2019) the FHCI was implemented. Care-seeking behavior was assessed with regard to caregivers seeking care for children under-five in the two weeks prior to each survey. We compared the percentages of healthcare-seeking behavior change and identify factors associated with healthcareseeking using a modified Poisson regression model with generalized estimating equations. Results In 2008, a total of 1208 children with fever were recorded, compared with 2823 children in 2013, 1633 in 2016, and 1464 in 2019. Care-seeking for children with fever was lowest in 2008 (51%; 95% CI (46.4-55.5)) than in 2013 (71.5%; 95% CI (68.4-74.5)), 2016 (70.3%; 95% CI (66.6-73.8)), and 2019 (74.6%; 95% CI (71.6-77.3)) (p \< 0.001). Care-seeking in 2013, 2016 and 2019 was at least 1.4 time higher than in 2008 (p \< 0.001) after adjusting for mother's age, wealth, religion, education level, household head and the child's age. Careseeking was lowest for children older than 12 months, mothers older than 35 years, children living in the poorest households, and in the northern region. A trend was observed for the sex of the household head. The level of care-seeking was lowest when the household head was a man. Conclusions The increase in healthcare-seeking for children under-five with fever followed the introduction of the FHCI in Sierra Leone. Care-seeking for fever varied by the child's age, caregiver's age, household wealth, the sex of the household head and region. Maintaining the FHCI with adequate strategies to address other barriers beyond financial ones is essential to reduce disparities between age groups, regions and, households.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Somda2022a,

title = {PERCEPTIONS ET PRATIQUES DE GESTION DE LA MALADIE DU SOMMEIL DES COMMUNAUTES VIVANT A PROXIMITE DES SITES AURIFERES AU SUD-OUEST DU BURKINA FASO},

author = {Martin Somda and M\'{e}dina Karambiri and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Emilie Dama and Compaor\'{e} Alfred and Ernest Salou and Hamidou Ilboudo and Idriss Gali-Gali and S\`{e}ss\'{e}ya Soha and Zakaria Bengaly and Adrien Belem and Der Dabire},

doi = {10.37118/ijdr.23859.01.2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Development Research},

volume = {12},

pages = {53422-53427},

abstract = {Une prospection m\'{e}dicale r\'{e}cente sur la trypanosomose humaine africaine (THA) dans des sites d'orpaillage au Sud-Ouest du Burkina Faso, a mis en \'{e}vidence la pr\'{e}sence de mouches ts\'{e}-ts\'{e} infect\'{e}es et des populations venant de la C\^{o}te d'Ivoire et de la Guin\'{e}e, les deux pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest les plus affect\'{e}s par cette maladie. Cet \'{e}tat de fait, montre un risque de r\'{e}\'{e}mergence de cette maladie. L'objectif de cette \'{e}tude \'{e}tait de recueillir les perceptions des populations vivant \`{a} proximit\'{e} de ces sites d'orpaillage du Sud-Ouest du Burkina Faso afin de proposer des strat\'{e}gies pour minimiser ce risque de r\'{e}\'{e}mergence de la THA. Pour ce faire une enqu\^{e}te sur les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques (CAP) a \'{e}t\'{e} r\'{e}alis\'{e}e en entretien semi-structur\'{e} aupr\`{e}s des personnes ressources, suivie des enqu\^{e}tes CAP individuelles ciblant les orpailleurs dans la zone d'\'{e}tude. Les r\'{e}sultats ont montr\'{e} que les 29 personnes ressources sont peu inform\'{e}es sur la THA. Ce r\'{e}sultat a \'{e}t\'{e} confirm\'{e} par les CAP individuelles aupr\`{e}s des 130 orpailleurs enqu\^{e}t\'{e}s qui sont peu inform\'{e}s sur la THA : 87,69% sur ses modes de transmission, 78,46% sur ses sympt\^{o}mes et 100% sur les strat\'{e}gies appropri\'{e}es de gestion. A l'issue de cette \'{e}tude, des recommandations ont \'{e}t\'{e} faites.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Grant2022,

title = {Impact of seasonal RTS,S/AS01E vaccination plus seasonal malaria chemoprevention on the nutritional status of children in Burkina Faso and Mali},

author = {Jane Grant and Issaka Sagara and Issaka Zongo and Matthew Cairns and Rakiswend\'{e} Serge Yerbanga and Modibo Diarra and Charles Zoungrana and Djibrilla Issiaka and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Niki\`{e}ma and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Sompougdou and Amadou Tapily and Mahamadou Kaya and Alassane Haro and Koualy Sanogo and Abdoul Aziz Sienou and Seydou Traore and Ismaila Thera and Hama Yalcouye and Irene Kuepfer and Paul Snell and Paul Milligan and Christian Ockenhouse and Opokua Ofori-Anyinam and Halidou Tinto and Abdoulaye Djimde and Daniel Chandramohan and Brian Greenwood and Alassane Dicko and Jean-Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo},

url = {https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-022-04077-x},

doi = {10.1186/s12936-022-04077-x},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-02-01},

journal = {Malaria Journal},

volume = {21},

issue = {1},

pages = {59},

abstract = {Background: A recent trial in Burkina Faso and Mali showed that combining seasonal RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccination with seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) substantially reduced the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria in young children compared to either intervention alone. Given the possible negative effect of malaria on nutrition, the study investigated whether these children also experienced lower prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition. Methods: In Burkina Faso and Mali 5920 children were randomized to receive either SMC alone, RTS,S/AS01E alone, or SMC combined with RTS,S/AS01E for three malaria transmission seasons (2017\textendash2019). After each transmission season, anthropometric measurements were collected from all study children at a cross-sectional survey and used to derive nutritional status indicators, including the binary variables wasted and stunted (weight-for-height and height-for-age z-scores below − 2, respectively). Binary and continuous outcomes between treatment groups were compared by Poisson and linear regression. Results: In 2017, compared to SMC alone, the combined intervention reduced the prevalence of wasting by approximately 12% [prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.88 (95% CI 0.75, 1.03)], and approximately 21% in 2018 [PR = 0.79 (95% CI 0.62, 1.01)]. Point estimates were similar for comparisons with RTS,S/AS01E, but there was stronger evidence of a difference. There was at least a 30% reduction in the point estimates for the prevalence of severe wasting in the combined group compared to the other two groups in 2017 and 2018. There was no difference in the prevalence of moderate or severe wasting between the groups in 2019. The prevalence of stunting, low-MUAC-for-age or being underweight did not differ between groups for any of the three years. The prevalence of severe stunting was higher in the combined group compared to both other groups in 2018, and compared to RTS,S/AS01E alone in 2017; this observation does not have an obvious explanation and may be a chance finding. Overall, malnutrition was very common in this cohort, but declined over the study as the children became older. Conclusions: Despite a high burden of malnutrition and malaria in the study populations, and a major reduction in the incidence of malaria in children receiving both interventions, this had only a modest impact on nutritional status. Therefore, other interventions are needed to reduce the high burden of malnutrition in these areas. Trial registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03143218, registered 8th May 2017.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Martens2022,

title = {Nasopharyngeal colonisation dynamics of bacterial pathogens in patients with fever in rural Burkina Faso: an observational study},

author = {Liesbeth Martens and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Annelies Post and Christa E. Gaast-de Jongh and Jeroen D. Langereis and Halidou Tinto and Jan Jacobs and Andr\'{e} J. Ven and Quirijn Mast and Marien I. Jonge},

doi = {10.1186/s12879-021-06996-7},

issn = {14712334},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {BMC Infectious Diseases},

volume = {22},

issue = {1},

pages = {15},

abstract = {Background: Nasopharyngeal colonisation with clinically relevant bacterial pathogens is a risk factor for severe infections, such as pneumonia and bacteraemia. In this study, we investigated the determinants of nasopharyngeal carriage in febrile patients in rural Burkina Faso. Methods: From March 2016 to June 2017, we recruited 924 paediatric and adult patients presenting with fever, hypothermia or suspicion of severe infection to the Centre Medical avec Antenne Chirurgicale Saint Camille de Nanoro, Burkina Faso. We recorded a broad range of clinical data, collected nasopharyngeal swabs and tested them for the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Using logistic regression, we investigated the determinants of carriage and aimed to find correlations with clinical outcome. Results: Nasopharyngeal colonisation with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis was highly prevalent and strongly dependent on age and season. Females were less likely to be colonised with S. pneumoniae (OR 0.71},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mduma2022,

title = {Etiology of severe invasive infections in young infants in rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa},

author = {Estomih Mduma and Tinto Halidou and Berenger Kabor\'{e} and Thomas Walongo and Palpouguini Lompo and Justine Museveni and Joshua Gidabayda and Jean Gratz and Godfrey Guga and Caroline Kimathi and Jie Liu and Paschal Mdoe and Robert Moshiro and Max Petzold and Jan Singlovic and Martine Guillerm and Melba F. Gomes and Eric R. Houpt and Christine M. Halleux},

editor = {Eleni Magira},

url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264322},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0264322},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {PLOS ONE},

volume = {17},

issue = {2},

pages = {e0264322},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Serious invasive infections in newborns are a major cause of death. Lack of data on etiological causes hampers progress towards reduction of mortality. This study aimed to identify pathogens responsible for such infections in young infants in sub-Saharan Africa and to describe their antibiotics resistance profile. METHODS Between September 2016 and April 2018 we implemented an observational study in two rural sites in Burkina Faso and Tanzania enrolling young infants aged 0-59 days old with serious invasive infection. Blood samples underwent blood culture and molecular biology. RESULTS In total 634 infants with clinical diagnosis of serious invasive infection were enrolled and 4.2% of the infants had a positive blood culture. The most frequent pathogens identified by blood culture were Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Escherichia coli. Gram-negative isolates were only partially susceptible to first line WHO recommended treatment for neonatal sepsis at community level. A total of 18.6% of the infants were PCR positive for at least one pathogen and Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common bacteria detected. Among infants enrolled, 60/634 (9.5%) died. Positive blood culture but not positive PCR was associated with risk of death. For most deaths, no pathogen was identified either by blood culture or molecular testing, and hence a causal agent remained unclear. Mortality was associated with low body temperature, tachycardia, respiratory symptoms, convulsions, history of difficult feeding, movement only when stimulated or reduced level of consciousness, diarrhea and/or vomiting. CONCLUSION While Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Escherichia coli were pathogens most frequently identified in infants with clinical suspicion of serious invasive infections, most cases remain without definite diagnosis, making more accurate diagnostic tools urgently needed. Antibiotics resistance to first line antibiotics is an increasing challenge even in rural Africa.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sondo2022,

title = {Boosting the impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) through simultaneous screening and treatment of household members of children receiving SMC in Burkina Faso: a protocol for a randomized open label trial},

author = {Paul Sondo and Marc Christian Tahita and Hamidou Ilboudo and Toussaint Rouamba and Karim Derra and Gauthier Tougri and Florence Ou\'{e}draogo and B\'{e}atrice Marie Ad\'{e}la\"{i}de Konseibo and Eli Roamba and Sabina Dahlstr\"{o}m Otienoburu and B\'{e}renger Kabor\'{e} and Kalynn Kennon and Kadija Ou\'{e}draogo and Wend-Timbe-Noma Arlette Ra\"{i}ssa Zongo and Fadima Yaya Bocoum and Kasia Stepniewska and Mehul Dhorda and Philippe J. Gu\'{e}rin and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13690-022-00800-x},

doi = {10.1186/s13690-022-00800-x},

issn = {2049-3258},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Public Health},

volume = {80},

issue = {1},

pages = {41},

abstract = {BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health concern in sub-Sahara Africa. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is one of the most important preventive interventions. Despite its implementation, the burden of malaria is still very high in children under five years old in Burkina Faso, suggesting that the expected impact of this promising strategy might not be attained. Development of innovative strategies to improve the efficacy of these existing malaria control measures is essential. In such context, we postulate that screening and treatment of malaria in household members of children receiving SMC could greatly improve the impact of SMC intervention and reduce malaria transmission in endemic settings. METHODS This randomized superiority trial will be carried out in the Nanoro health district, Burkina Faso. The unit of randomisation will be the household and all eligible children from a household will be allocated to the same study group. Households with 3-59 months old children will be assigned to either (i) control group (SMC alone) or (ii) intervention (SMC+ screening of household members with standard Histidin Rich Protein Rapid Diagnostic Test (HRP2-RDT) and treatment if positive). The sample size will be 526 isolated households per arm, i.e., around 1052 children under SMC coverage and an expected 1315 household members. Included children will be followed-up for 24 months to fully cover two consecutive malaria transmission seasons and two SMC cycles. Children will be actively followed-up during the malaria transmission seasons while in the dry seasons the follow-up will be passive. CONCLUSION The study will respond to a major public health concern by providing evidence of the efficacy of an innovative strategy to boost the impact of SMC intervention.},

keywords = {Africa, Amodiaquine, Burkina Faso, Chemoprevention, Dihydro artemisinin Piperaquine, Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boua2022,

title = {Genetic associations with carotid intima-media thickness link to atherosclerosis with sex-specific effects in sub-Saharan Africans},

author = {Palwende Romuald Boua and Jean-Tristan Brandenburg and Ananyo Choudhury and Hermann Sorgho and Engelbert A. Nonterah and Godfred Agongo and Gershim Asiki and Lisa Micklesfield and Solomon Choma and Francesc Xavier G\'{o}mez-Oliv\'{e} and Scott Hazelhurst and Halidou Tinto and Nigel J. Crowther and Christopher G. Mathew and Mich\`{e}le Ramsay},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28276-x},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-28276-x},

issn = {2041-1723},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-02-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {13},

issue = {1},

pages = {855},

abstract = {\<p\> Atherosclerosis precedes the onset of clinical manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We used carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) to investigate genetic susceptibility to atherosclerosis in 7894 unrelated adults (3963 women, 3931 men; 40 to 60 years) resident in four sub-Saharan African countries. cIMT was measured by ultrasound and genotyping was performed on the H3Africa SNP Array. Two new African-specific genome-wide significant loci for mean-max cIMT, \<italic\>SIRPA\</italic\> (p = 4.7E-08), and \<italic\>FBXL17\</italic\> (p = 2.5E-08), were identified. Sex-stratified analysis revealed associations with one male-specific locus, \<italic\>SNX29\</italic\> (p = 6.3E-09), and two female-specific loci, \<italic\>LARP6\</italic\> (p = 2.4E-09) and \<italic\>PROK1\</italic\> (p = 1.0E-08). We replicate previous cIMT associations with different lead SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with SNPs primarily identified in European populations. Our study find significant enrichment for genes involved in oestrogen response from female-specific signals. The genes identified show biological relevance to atherosclerosis and/or CVDs, sex-differences and transferability of signals from non-African studies. \</p\>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rouamba2022,

title = {Prospective observational study to evaluate the clinical and biological safety profile of pyronaridine\textendashartesunate in a rural health district in Burkina Faso},

author = {Toussaint Rouamba and Paul Sondo and Isidore W. Yerbanga and Adelaide Compaore and Maminata Traore‐Coulibaly and Franck S. Hien and Nassirou A. Diande and Innocent Valea and Marc Christian Tahita and Rita Baiden and Fred Binka and Halidou Tinto},

url = {https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/prp2.987},

doi = {10.1002/prp2.987},

issn = {2052-1707},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-02-01},

journal = {Pharmacology Research \& Perspectives},

volume = {10},

issue = {4},

pages = {224-229},

abstract = {\<p\>The assessment in real‐life conditions of the safety and efficacy of new antimalarial drugs is of greatest interest. This study aimed to monitor and evaluate both clinical and biological safety of pyronaridine‐artesunate (PA) in real‐life conditions in Burkina Faso's health system. This was a single‐arm, open‐label study, where patients attending Nanoro health facilities with uncomplicated malaria were consented to be part of a cohort event monitoring (CEM). At inclusion (day‐0), PA was administered orally once a day for 3 days. Patients spontaneous reported any clinical adverse events (AEs) occurring within 28 days following the treatment. Additionally, the study focused on AEs of special interest (AESI), namely clinical signs related to hepatotoxicity and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). A nested subset of patients with blood sample collection at day‐0 and day‐7 were monitored to investigate the effect of PA on biochemistry parameters. From September 2017 to October 2018, 2786 patients were treated with PA. About 97.8% (2720/2786) of patients did not report any AE. The most commonly reported events were respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders (8.3 per 1000), infections and infestations (7.9 per 1000), and gastrointestinal disorders (7.2 per 1000). No clinical or biological hepatotoxicity event related to PA was reported during the follow‐up. Changes in biochemistry parameters remained within laboratory reference ranges. The study showed that PA is a well‐tolerated drug and should be considered as a good option by malaria control programs in countries where existing first‐line antimalarial drugs are continuously threatened by the emergence of drug resistance.\</p\>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Somda2022,

title = {Evaluation of antibody responses to tsetse fly saliva in domestic animals in the sleeping sickness endemic foci of Bonon and Sinfra, C\^{o}te d'Ivoire},

author = {Martin Bienvenu Somda and Martial Kassi N'Djetchi and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Emilie Dama and Soudah Boma and Fabrice Courtin and Anne Poinsignon and Zakaria Bengaly and Franck Remou\'{e} and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem and Bruno Bucheton and Vincent Jamonneau and Mathurin Koffi},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405939022000892},

doi = {10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100773},

issn = {24059390},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports},

volume = {34},

issue = {2},

pages = {100773},

address = {Switzerland},

abstract = {After intensive control efforts, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) was declared eliminated in C\^{o}te d'Ivoire as a public health problem in December 2020 and the current objective is to achieve the interruption of the transmission (zero cases). Reaching this objective could be hindered by the existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei (b.) gambiense. In the framework of a study led in 2013 to assess the role of domestic animals in the epidemiology of HAT in the two last active foci from C\^{o}te d'Ivoire (Bonon and Sinfra), plasmas were sampled from four species of domestic animals for parasitological (microscopic examination by the buffy coat technique (BCT)), serological (immune trypanolysis (TL)) and molecular (specific PCR: TBR for T. brucei s.l., TCF for T. congolense forest type, TVW for T. vivax and PCR for T. b. gambiense) testing. In order to improve the understanding of the involvement/role of these animals in the transmission of T. b. gambiense, we have quantified in this study the IgG response to whole saliva extracts of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in order to perform an association analysis between anti-saliva responses and the positivity of diagnostic tests. Cattle and pigs had significantly higher rates of anti-tsetse saliva responses compared to goats and sheep (p \< 0.01). In addition, the anti-tsetse saliva responses were strongly associated with the parasitology (BCT+), serology (TL+) and PCR (TBR+ and TCF+) results (p \< 0.001). These associations indicate a high level of contacts between the positive/infected animals and tsetse flies. Our findings suggest that protecting cattle and pigs against tsetse bites could have a significant impact in reducing transmission of both animal and human trypanosome species, and advocates for a "One health" approach to better control African trypanosomosis in C\^{o}te d'Ivoire.},

keywords = {Animal reservoirs, Biomarker of exposure, C\^{o}te d'Ivoire, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Tsetse fly},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kuo2022-bm,

title = {Unveiling the Antibacterial Mechanism of Gold Nanoclusters via In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy},

author = {Jui-Chi Kuo and Shih-Hua Tan and Yu-Cheng Hsiao and Chinmaya Mutalik and Hui-Min Chen and Sibidou Yougbar\'{e} and Tsung-Rong Kuo},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06714},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {ACS Sustainable Chem Eng},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

pages = {464--471},

publisher = {American Chemical Society},

abstract = {Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with unique chemical and physical properties have been extensively demonstrated to be emerging nanoantibiotics for fighting bacterial infections. Understanding the antibacterial mechanisms of metal nanoclusters is important for evaluating their clinical applications as nanoantibiotics. To understand the antibacterial mechanism, gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were applied as an antibacterial agent for real-time observations of their interactions with bacteria by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this work, a surface ligand of glutathione-conjugated (GSH)-AuNCs was prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. Optical and structural characterizations validated the successful preparation of GSH-AuNCs. Bacterial growth curves of Acetobacter aceti revealed that the antibacterial activity of GSH-AuNCs increased with the weight concentration. The antibacterial activity of GSH-AuNCs was confirmed by the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by GSH-AuNCs in A. aceti. Furthermore, real-time observations of interactions between GSH-AuNCs and A. aceti were made using in situ liquid cell TEM. Based on the results of real-time observations, GSH-AuNCs first attached onto the bacterial membranes of A. aceti by physical adsorption and then penetrated into A. aceti by internalization. Eventually, the production of intracellular ROS induced by GSH-AuNCs caused destruction of the bacterial membranes, which led to the death of A. aceti. After the bacterial membranes had been destroyed, A. aceti eventually died.},

keywords = {antibacterial mechanism, in situ TEM, nanocluster, reactive oxygen species, real-time observation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of C\^{o}te d'Ivoire.},

author = {Barkissa M\'{e}lika Traor\'{e} and Mathurin Koffi and Martial Kassi N'Djetchi and Dramane Kaba and Jacques Kabor\'{e} and Hamidou Ilboudo and Bernadin Ahouty Ahouty and Minay\'{e}gninrin Kon\'{e} and Bamoro Coulibaly and Thomas Konan and Adeline Segard and Lingu\'{e} Kouakou and Thierry De Mee\^{u}s and Sophie Ravel and Philippe Solano and Jean-Mathieu Bart and Vincent Jamonneau},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0010036},

issn = {1935-2735 1935-2727},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-01},

urldate = {2021-12-01},

journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},

volume = {15},

issue = {12},

pages = {e0010036},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense), the agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), may compromise the interruption of transmission targeted by World Health Organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of trypanosomes in pigs and people in the Vavoua HAT historical focus where cases were still diagnosed in the early 2010's. METHODS: For the human survey, we used the CATT, mini-anion exchange centrifugation technique and immune trypanolysis tests. For the animal survey, the buffy coat technique was also used as well as the PCR using Trypanosoma species specific, including the T. b. gambiense TgsGP detection using single round and nested PCRs, performed from animal blood samples and from strains isolated from subjects positive for parasitological investigations. RESULTS: No HAT cases were detected among 345 people tested. A total of 167 pigs were investigated. Free-ranging pigs appeared significantly more infected than pigs in pen. Over 70% of free-ranging pigs were positive for CATT and parasitological investigations and 27-43% were positive to trypanolysis depending on the antigen used. T. brucei was the most prevalent species (57%) followed by T. congolense (24%). Blood sample extracted DNA of T. brucei positive subjects were negative to single round TgsGP PCR. However, 1/22 and 6/22 isolated strains were positive with single round and nested TgsGP PCRs, respectively. DISCUSSION: Free-ranging pigs were identified as a multi-reservoir of T. brucei and/or T. congolense with mixed infections of different strains. This trypanosome diversity hinders the easy and direct detection of T. b. gambiense. We highlight the lack of tools to prove or exclude with certainty the presence of T. b. gambiense. This study once more highlights the need of technical improvements to explore the role of animals in the epidemiology of HAT.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ouoba2021-ug,

title = {Epidemiologic profile of hepatitis C virus infection and  genotype distribution in Burkina Faso: a systematic review with  meta-analysis},

author = {Serge Ouoba and Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwinde Ouedraogo and Moussa Lingani and Bunthen E and Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain and Ko Ko and Shintaro Nagashima and Aya Sugiyama and Tomoyuki Akita and Halidou Tinto and Junko Tanaka},

doi = {10.1186/s12879-021-06817-x},

issn = {1471-2334},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-01},

urldate = {2021-11-01},

journal = {BMC Infect. Dis.},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

pages = {1126},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Detailed characteristics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) 

 infection in Burkina Faso are scarce. The main aim of this study 

 was to assess HCV seroprevalence in various settings and 

 populations at risk in Burkina Faso between 1990 and 2020. 

 Secondary objectives included the prevalence of HCV Ribonucleic 

 acid (RNA) and the distribution of HCV genotypes. METHODS: A 

 systematic database search, supplemented by a manual search, was 

 conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and African Index 

 Medicus. Studies reporting HCV seroprevalence data in low and 

 high-risk populations in Burkina Faso were included, and a 

 random-effects meta-analysis was applied. Risk of bias was 

 assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute checklist. RESULTS: 

 Low-risk populations were examined in 31 studies involving a 

 total of 168,151 subjects, of whom 8330 were positive for HCV 

 antibodies. Six studies included a total of 1484 high-risk 

 persons, and 96 had antibodies to HCV. The pooled seroprevalence 

 in low-risk populations was 3.72% (95% CI: 3.20-4.28) and 

 4.75% (95% CI: 1.79-8.94) in high-risk groups. A 

 non-significant decreasing trend was observed over the study 

 period. Seven studies tested HCV RNA in a total of 4759 

 individuals at low risk for HCV infection, and 81 were positive. 

 The meta-analysis of HCV RNA yielded a pooled prevalence of 

 1.65% (95% CI: 0.74-2.89%) in low-risk populations, which is 

 assumed to be indicative of HCV prevalence in the general 

 population of Burkina Faso and suggests that about 301,174 

 people are active HCV carriers in the country. Genotypes 2 and 1 

 were the most frequent, with 60.3% and 25.0%, respectively. 

 CONCLUSIONS: HCV seroprevalence is intermediate in Burkina Faso 

 and indicates the need to implement effective control 

 strategies. There is a paucity of data at the national level and 

 for rural and high-risk populations. General population 

 screening and linkage to care are recommended, with special 

 attention to rural and high-risk populations.},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34724902 

PMCID: PMC8561994},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Genotype, Hepacivirus/genetics, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C/epidemiology, Humans, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Seroprevalence, Systematic review},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lingani2021-is,

title = {Malaria and curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract  coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso},

author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge H Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Massa Dit A Bonko and S\'{e}kou O Samadoulougou and Toussaint Rouamba and Marc C Tahita and Ma"imouna Sanou and Annie Robert and Halidou Tinto and Philippe Donnen and Mich`ele Dramaix},

doi = {10.1186/s41182-021-00381-5},

issn = {1348-8945 1349-4147},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-01},

urldate = {2021-11-01},

journal = {Trop. Med. Health},

volume = {49},

number = {1},

pages = {90},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria and sexually transmitted/reproductive tract 

 infections (STI/RTI) are leading and preventable causes of low 

 birthweight in sub-Saharan Africa. Reducing their impact on 

 pregnancy outcomes requires efficient interventions that can be 

 easily integrated into the antenatal care package. The paucity 

 of data on malaria and STI/RTI coinfection, however, limits 

 efforts to control these infections. This study aimed to 

 determine the prevalence and associated factors of malaria and 

 STI/RTI coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso. 

 METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 402 

 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the Yako health 

 district. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected, 

 and pregnant women were tested for peripheral malaria by 

 microscopy. Hemoglobin levels were also measured by 

 spectrophotometry and curable bacterial STI/RTI were tested on 

 cervico-vaginal swabs using rapid diagnostic test for chlamydia 

 and syphilis, and Gram staining for bacterial vaginosis. A 

 multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the 

 association of malaria and STI/RTI coinfection with the 

 characteristics of included pregnant women. RESULTS: The 

 prevalence of malaria and at least one STI/RTI coinfection was 

 12.9% (95% confidence interval, CI: [9.8-16.7]), malaria and 

 bacterial vaginosis coinfection was 12.2% (95% CI: 

 [9.3-15.9]), malaria and chlamydial coinfection was 1.6% (95% 

 CI: [0.6-3.8]). No coinfection was reported for malaria and 

 syphilis. The individual prevalence was 17.2%, 7.2%, 0.6%, 

 67.7% and 73.3%, respectively, for malaria infection, 

 chlamydia, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis and STI/RTI 

 combination. Only 10% of coinfections were symptomatic, and 

 thus, 90% of women with coinfection would have been missed by 

 the symptoms-based diagnostic approach. In the multivariate analysis, the first pregnancy (aOR = 2.4 [95% CI: 1.2-4.7]) was 

 the only factor significantly associated with malaria and 

 STI/RTI coinfection. Clinical symptoms were not associated with 

 malaria and STI/RTI coinfection. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of 

 malaria and curable STI/RTI coinfection was high among pregnant 

 women. The poor performance of the clinical symptoms to predict 

 coinfection suggests that alternative interventions are needed.},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34736524 

PMCID: PMC8567650},

keywords = {Bacterial vaginosis, Burkina Faso, Chlamydia, Coinfection, Malaria, Pregnancy, Syphilis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dal-Re2021-mr,

title = {Ongoing and future COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials: challenges  and opportunities},

author = {Rafael Dal-R\'{e} and Linda-Gail Bekker and Christian Gluud and S\oren Holm and Vivekanand Jha and Gregory A Poland and Frits R Rosendaal and Brigitte Schwarzer-Daum and Esperanc ca Sevene and Halidou Tinto and Teck Chuan Voo and Nadarajah Sreeharan},

doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00263-2},

issn = {1474-4457 1473-3099},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-01},

urldate = {2021-11-01},

journal = {Lancet Infect. Dis.},

volume = {21},

number = {11},

pages = {e342--e347},

abstract = {Large-scale deployment of COVID-19 vaccines will seriously affect 

 the ongoing phases 2 and 3 randomised placebo-controlled trials 

 assessing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates. The effect will be 

 particularly acute in high-income countries where the entire 

 adult or older population could be vaccinated by late 2021. 

 Regrettably, only a small proportion of the population in many 

 low-income and middle-income countries will have access to 

 available vaccines. Sponsors of COVID-19 vaccine candidates 

 currently in phase 2 or initiating phase 3 trials in 2021 should 

 consider continuing the research in countries with limited 

 affordability and availability of COVID-19 vaccines. Several 

 ethical principles must be implemented to ensure the equitable, 

 non-exploitative, and respectful conduct of trials in 

 resource-poor settings. Once sufficient knowledge on the 

 immunogenicity response to COVID-19 vaccines is acquired, 

 non-inferiority immunogenicity trials-comparing the immune 

 response of a vaccine candidate to that of an authorised 

 vaccine-would probably be the most common trial design. Until 

 then, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trials will 

 continue to play a role in the development of new vaccine 

 candidates. WHO or the Council for International Organizations of 

 Medical Sciences should define an ethical framework for the 

 requirements and benefits for trial participants and host 

 communities in resource-poor settings that should require 

 commitment from all vaccine candidate sponsors from high-income 

 countries.},

note = {Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PMID: 34019801 

PMCID: PMC8131060},

keywords = {Clinical Trials as Topic, COVID-19 Vaccines/administration \& dosage/immunology, COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology/prevention \& control/virology, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Immunogenicity, Pandemics/prevention \& control, SARS-CoV-2/immunology, Vaccine},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lingani2021-ae,

title = {Magnitude of low birthweight in malaria endemic settings of  Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso: a secondary data analysis},

author = {Moussa Lingani and Serge H Zango and Innocent Val\'{e}a and Daniel Valia and Ma"imouna Sanou and S\'{e}kou O Samandoulougou and Annie Robert and Halidou Tinto and Mich`ele Dramaix and Philippe Donnen},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-00881-8},

issn = {2045-2322},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-29},

urldate = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Sci. Rep.},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {21332},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {Low birthweight (LBW) is a worldwide problem that particularly 

 affects developing countries. However, limited information is 

 available on its magnitude in rural area of Burkina Faso. This 

 study aimed to estimate the prevalence of low birthweight and to 

 identify its associated factors in Nanoro health district. A 

 secondary analysis of data collected during a cross-sectional 

 survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of low birthweight 

 in Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system area 

 (HDSS). Maternal characteristics extracted from antenatal care 

 books or by interview, completed by malaria diagnosis were 

 examined through a multi-level logistic regression to estimate 

 odd-ratios of association with low birthweight. Significance 

 level was set at 5%. Of the 291 neonates examined, the 

 prevalence of low birthweight was 12%. After adjustment for 

 socio-demographic, obstetric and malaria prevention variables, being primigravid (OR = 8.84, [95% CI: 3.72-21.01]), or multigravid with history of stillbirth (OR = 5.03, [95% CI: 

 1.54-16.40]), as well as the lack of long-lasting insecticide 

 treated bed net use by the mother the night preceding the admission for delivery (OR = 2.5, [95% CI: 1.1-5.9]) were 

 significantly associated with neonate low birthweight. The 

 number of antenatal visits however did not confer any direct 

 benefit on birthweight status within this study area. The 

 prevalence of low birthweight was high in the study area and 

 represents an important public health problem in Burkina Faso. 

 In light of these results, a redefinition of the content of the 

 antenatal care package is needed.},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34716389 

PMCID: PMC8556330},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zango2021-ti,

title = {Association of malaria and curable sexually transmitted  infections with pregnancy outcomes in rural Burkina Faso},

author = {Serge Henri Zango and Moussa Lingani and Innocent Valea and Ouindpanga Sekou Samadoulougou and Biebo Bihoun and Diagniagou Lankoande and Phillipe Donnen and Michele Dramaix and Halidou Tinto and Annie Robert},

doi = {10.1186/s12884-021-04205-6},

issn = {1471-2393},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-27},

urldate = {2021-10-27},

journal = {BMC Pregnancy Childbirth},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

pages = {722},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections 

 (STIs) are severe infections associated with poor pregnancy 

 outcomes in sub-Saharan countries. These infections are 

 responsible for low birth weight, preterm birth, and 

 miscarriage. In Burkina Faso, many interventions recommended by 

 the World Health Organization were implemented to control the 

 impact of these infections. After decades of intervention, we 

 assessed the impact of these infections on pregnancy outcomes in 

 rural setting of Burkina Faso. METHODS: Antenatal care and 

 delivery data of pregnant women attending health facilities in 

 2016 and 2017 were collected in two rural districts namely 

 Nanoro and Yako, in Burkina Faso. Regression models with 

 likelihood ratio test were used to assess the association 

 between infections and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: During the 

 two years, 31639 pregnant women received antenatal care. Malaria 

 without STI, STI without malaria, and their coinfections were 

 reported for 7359 (23.3%), 881 (2.8 %), and 388 (1.2%) women, 

 respectively. Low birth weight, miscarriage, and stillbirth were 

 observed in 2754 (10.5 %), 547 (2.0 %), and 373 (1.3 %) 

 women, respectively. Our data did not show an association 

 between low birth weight and malaria [Adjusted OR: 0.91 (0.78 - 

 1.07)], STIs [Adjusted OR: 0.74 (0.51 - 1.07)] and coinfection 

 [Adjusted OR: 1.15 (0.75 - 1.78)]. Low birth weight was strongly 

 associated with primigravidae [Adjusted OR: 3.53 (3.12 - 4.00)]. 

 Both miscarriage and stillbirth were associated with malaria 

 [Adjusted OR: 1.31 (1.07 - 1.59)], curable STI [Adjusted OR: 

 1.65 (1.06 - 2.59)], and coinfection [Adjusted OR: 2.00 (1.13 - 

 3.52)]. CONCLUSION: Poor pregnancy outcomes remained frequent in 

 rural Burkina Faso. Malaria, curable STIs, and their 

 coinfections were associated with both miscarriage and 

 stillbirth in rural Burkina. More effort should be done to 

 reduce the proportion of pregnancies lost associated with these 

 curable infections by targeting interventions in primigravidae 

 women.},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34706705 

PMCID: PMC8549350},

keywords = {Coinfection, Impact, Malaria, Outcome, Pregnancy, STI},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Starck2021-mb,

title = {The effect of malaria on haemoglobin concentrations: a  nationally representative household fixed-effects study of  17,599 children under 5 years of age in Burkina Faso},

author = {Tim Starck and Caroline A Bulstra and Halidou Tinto and Toussaint Rouamba and Ali Sie and Thomas Jaenisch and Till B\"{a}rnighausen},

doi = {10.1186/s12936-021-03948-z},

issn = {1475-2875},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-23},

urldate = {2021-10-23},

journal = {Malar. J.},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {416},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although the association between malaria and anaemia 

 is widely studied in patient cohorts, the 

 population-representative causal effects of malaria on anaemia 

 remain unknown. This study estimated the malaria-induced 

 decrease in haemoglobin levels among young children in 

 malaria-endemic Burkina Faso. METHODS: The study was based on 

 pooled individual-level nationally representative health survey 

 data (2010-2011, 2014, 2017-2018) from 17 599 children under 5 

 years of age. This data was used to estimate the effects of 

 malaria on haemoglobin concentration, controlling for household 

 fixed-effects, age, and sex in a series of regression analyses. 

 The fixed-effects controlled for observed and unobserved 

 confounding on the household level and allowed to determine the 

 impact of malaria infection status on haemoglobin levels and 

 anaemia prevalence. Furthermore, the diagnostic results from 

 microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests were leveraged to provide 

 a quasi-longitudinal perspective of acute and prolonged effects 

 after malaria infection. RESULTS: The prevalence of both malaria 

 (survey prevalence ranging from 17.4% to 65.2%) and anaemia 

 (survey prevalence ranging from 74% to 88.2%) was very high in 

 the included surveys. Malaria was estimated to significantly 

 reduce haemoglobin levels, with an overall effect of - 7.5 g/dL 

 (95% CI - 8.5, - 6.5). Acute malaria resulted in a - 7.7 g/dL 

 (95% CI - 8.8, - 6.6) decrease in haemoglobin levels. Recent 

 malaria without current parasitaemia decreased haemoglobin 

 concentration by - 7.1 g/dL (95% CI - 8.3, - 5.9). The 

 in-sample predicted prevalence of severe anaemia was 9.4% among 

 malaria positives, but only 2.2% among children without 

 malaria. CONCLUSION: Malaria infection has a strong detrimental 

 effect on haemoglobin levels among young children in Burkina 

 Faso. This effect seems to carry over even after acute 

 infection, indicating prolonged haemoglobin reductions even 

 after successful parasite-elimination. The quasi-experimental 

 fixed-effect approach adds a population level perspective to 

 existing clinical evidence.},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34688294 

PMCID: PMC8542337},

keywords = {Anaemia, Burkina Faso, Haemoglobin, Household fixed-effects, Malaria, Microscopy, Rapid diagnostic tests},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hema-Ouangraoua2021-xf,

title = {Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive  treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal  carriage of Staphylococcus aureus},

author = {Soumeya Hema-Ouangraoua and Juliette Tranchot-Diallo and Issaka Zongo and Nongodo Firmin Kabore and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Niki`ema and Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga and Halidou Tinto and Daniel Chandramohan and Georges-Anicet Ouedraogo and Brian Greenwood and Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0257190},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-13},

urldate = {2021-10-01},

journal = {PLoS One},

volume = {16},

number = {10},

pages = {e0257190},

publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},

abstract = {Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of serious illness and 

 death in children, indicating the need to monitor prevalent 

 strains, particularly in the vulnerable pediatric population. 

 Nasal carriage of S. aureus is important as carriers have an 

 increased risk of serious illness due to systemic invasion by 

 this pathogen and can transmit the infection. Recent studies 

 have demonstrated the effectiveness of azithromycin in reducing 

 the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carrying of pneumococci, which 

 are often implicated in respiratory infections in children. 

 However, very few studies of the impact of azithromycin on 

 staphylococci have been undertaken. During a clinical trial 

 under taken in 2016, nasal swabs were collected from 778 

 children aged 3 to 59 months including 385 children who were 

 swabbed before administration of azithromycin or placebo and 393 

 after administration of azithromycin or placebo. Azithromycin 

 was given in a dose of 100 mg for three days, together with the 

 antimalarials sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine, on four 

 occasions at monthly intervals during the malaria transmission 

 season. These samples were cultured for S. aureus as well as for 

 the pneumococcus. The S. aureus isolates were tested for their 

 susceptibility to azithromycin (15 g), penicillin (10 IU), and 

 cefoxitine (30 g) (Oxoid Ltd). S. aureus was isolated from 

 13.77% (53/385) swabs before administration of azithromycin and from 20.10% (79/393) six months after administration (PR = 1.46 [1.06; 2.01},

note = {PMID: 34644317 

PMCID: PMC8513893},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Diendere2021-lc,

title = {Associations between dental problems and underweight status  among rural women in Burkina Faso: results from the first WHO  Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey},

author = {Jeoffray Diend\'{e}r\'{e} and Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba and Sibraogo Kiemtor\'{e} and Olivier Ouahamin Sombi\'{e} and Philippe Fayemendy and Pierre J\'{e}sus and Athanase Millogo and Aly Savadogo and Halidou Tinto and Jean-Claude Desport},

doi = {10.1017/S1368980021004080},

issn = {1475-2727 1368-9800},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-07},

urldate = {2021-10-07},

journal = {Public Health Nutr.},

pages = {1--11},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between dental problems 

 and underweight status among rural women in Burkina Faso by 

 using nationally representative data. DESIGN: This was a 

 cross-sectional secondary study of primary data obtained by the 

 2013 WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance survey conducted in 

 Burkina Faso. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed 

 using Student's t test, ANOVA, the $chi$2 test, Fisher's exact 

 test and logistic regression. SETTING: All thirteen 

 Burkinab`e regions were categorised using quartiles of 

 urbanisation rates. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 1730 

 rural women aged 25-64 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of 

 underweight was 16·0 %, and 24·1 % of participants experienced 

 dental problems during the 12-month period. The women with 

 dental problems were more frequently underweight (19·9 % and 

 14·7 %; P 49 years old) and smokeless tobacco users. Age \> 49 

 years, professions with inconsistent income, a lack of 

 education, smokeless tobacco use and low BMI were factors that 

 were significantly associated with dental problems, while 

 residency in a low-urbanisation area was a protective factor. 

 CONCLUSION: The prevalence of underweight in rural Burkinab`e 

 women is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and women with 

 dental problems are more frequently affected than those without 

 dental problems. Public health measures for the prevention of 

 these disorders should specifically target women aged over 49 

 years and smokeless tobacco users.},

note = {Place: England

PMID: 34615560},

keywords = {Burkina Faso, Dental problems, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural women, Underweight},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Phiri2021-oy,

title = {The duration of protection from azithromycin against malaria,  acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin infections when  given alongside seasonal malaria chemoprevention: Secondary  analyses of data from a clinical trial in hound\'{e}, Burkina  Faso, and bougouni, Mali},

author = {Mphatso Dennis Phiri and Matthew Cairns and Issaka Zongo and Frederic Nikiema and Modibo Diarra and Rakiswend\'{e} Serge Yerbanga and Amadou Barry and Amadou Tapily and Samba Coumare and Ismaila Thera and Irene Kuepfer and Paul Milligan and Halidou Tinto and Alassane Dicko and Jean Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo and Brian Greenwood and Daniel Chandramohan and Issaka Sagara},

doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa1905},

issn = {1537-6591 1058-4838},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

urldate = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Clin. Infect. Dis.},

volume = {73},

number = {7},

pages = {e2379--e2386},

publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin 

 (AZ) is being considered as a strategy to promote child survival 

 in sub-Saharan Africa, but the mechanism by which AZ reduces 

 mortality is unclear. To better understand the nature and extent 

 of protection provided by AZ, we explored the profile of 

 protection by time since administration, using data from a 

 household-randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Burkina Faso 

 and Mali. METHODS: Between 2014 and 2016, 30 977 children aged 

 3-59 months received seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with 

 sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine and either AZ or 

 placebo monthly, on 4 occasions each year. Poisson regression 

 with gamma-distributed random effects, accounting for the 

 household randomization and within-individual clustering of 

 illness episodes, was used to compare incidence of prespecified 

 outcomes between SMC+AZ versus SMC+placebo groups in fixed time 

 strata post-treatment. The likelihood ratio test was used to 

 assess evidence for a time-treatment group interaction. RESULTS: 

 Relative to SMC+placebo, there was no evidence of protection 

 from SMC+AZ against hospital admissions and deaths. Additional 

 protection from SMC+AZ against malaria was confined to the first 

 2 weeks post-administration (protective efficacy (PE): 24.2% 

 [95% CI: 17.8%, 30.1%]). Gastroenteritis and pneumonia were 

 reduced by 29.9% [21.7; 37.3%], and 34.3% [14.9; 49.3%], 

 respectively, in the first 2 weeks postadministration. 

 Protection against nonmalaria fevers with a skin condition 

 persisted up to 28 days: PE: 46.3% [35.1; 55.6%]. CONCLUSIONS: 

 The benefits of AZ-MDA are broad-ranging but short-lived. To 

 maximize impact, timing of AZ-MDA must address the challenge of 

 targeting asynchronous morbidity and mortality peaks from 

 different causes.},

note = {© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

PMID: 33417683 

PMCID: PMC8492219},

keywords = {Antimalarials/therapeutic use, Azithromycin, Azithromycin/therapeutic use, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Chemoprevention, Child, child mortality, Drug Combinations, duration of protection, Humans, Infant, Malaria/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention \& control, Mali/epidemiology, Preschool, Sahel, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, Seasons},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bonko2021-en,

title = {Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates from  febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso},

author = {Massa Dit Achille Bonko and Marc Christian Tahita and Francois Kiemde and Palpouguini Lompo and Sibidou Yougbar\'{e} and Athanase M Some and Halidou Tinto and Petra F Mens and Sandra Menting and Henk D F H Schallig},

doi = {10.1111/tmi.13644},

issn = {1365-3156 1360-2276},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

urldate = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Trop. Med. Int. Health},

volume = {26},

number = {10},

pages = {1220--1230},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Antibiotics efficacy is severely threatened due to 

 emerging resistance worldwide, but there is a paucity of 

 antibiotics efficacy data for the West African region in 

 general. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic 

 susceptibility profile of bacterial isolated from febrile 

 children under 5 years of age in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). METHODS: 

 Blood, stool and urine samples were collected from 1099 febrile 

 children attending peripheral health facilities and the referral 

 hospital in Nanoro Health district. Bacterial isolates from 

 these samples were assessed for their susceptibility against 

 commonly used antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS: In 

 total, 141 bacterial isolates were recovered from 127 febrile 

 children of which 65 from blood, 65 from stool and 11 from 

 urine. Salmonella isolates were most frequently isolated and 

 found to be highly resistant to ampicillin (70%; 56/80) and 

 trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (65%; 52/80). Escherichia coli 

 isolates showed a high resistance rate to 

 trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%), 

 ciprofloxacin (71.4%; 10/14), amoxicillin-clavulanate (64.3%; 

 9/14), ceftriaxone (64.3%; 9/14) and gentamycin (50%; 7/14). 

 Moreover, half of the E. coli isolates produced \ss-lactamase 

 suggesting multi-drug resistance against $beta$-lactam as well 

 as non-$beta$-lactam antibiotics. Multi-drug resistance was 

 observed in 54.6% (59/108) of the isolates, mainly 

 Gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed high 

 resistance rates to common antibiotics used to treat bacterial 

 infections in Nanoro. The work prompts the need to expand 

 antibiotic resistance surveillance studies in Burkina Faso.},

note = {© 2021 The Authors Tropical Medicine \& International Health Published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.

Place: England

PMID: 34185935},

keywords = {antibiotic resistance, bacteria, febrile children},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chandramohan2021-qm,

title = {Seasonal malaria vaccination with or without seasonal malaria  chemoprevention},

author = {Daniel Chandramohan and Issaka Zongo and Issaka Sagara and Matthew Cairns and Rakiswend\'{e}-Serge Yerbanga and Modibo Diarra and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Niki`ema and Amadou Tapily and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Sompougdou and Djibrilla Issiaka and Charles Zoungrana and Koualy Sanogo and Alassane Haro and Mahamadou Kaya and Abdoul-Aziz Sienou and Seydou Traore and Almahamoudou Mahamar and Ismaila Thera and Kalifa Diarra and Amagana Dolo and Irene Kuepfer and Paul Snell and Paul Milligan and Christian Ockenhouse and Opokua Ofori-Anyinam and Halidou Tinto and Abdoulaye Djimde and Jean-Bosco Ou\'{e}draogo and Alassane Dicko and Brian Greenwood},

doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa2026330},

issn = {1533-4406 0028-4793},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-09},

urldate = {2021-09-09},

journal = {N. Engl. J. Med.},

volume = {385},

number = {11},

pages = {1005--1017},

publisher = {Massachusetts Medical Society},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria control remains a challenge in many parts of 

 the Sahel and sub-Sahel regions of Africa. METHODS: We conducted 

 an individually randomized, controlled trial to assess whether 

 seasonal vaccination with RTS,S/AS01E was noninferior to 

 chemoprevention in preventing uncomplicated malaria and whether 

 the two interventions combined were superior to either one alone 

 in preventing uncomplicated malaria and severe malaria-related 

 outcomes. RESULTS: We randomly assigned 6861 children 5 to 17 

 months of age to receive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and 

 amodiaquine (2287 children [chemoprevention-alone group]), 

 RTS,S/AS01E (2288 children [vaccine-alone group]), or 

 chemoprevention and RTS,S/AS01E (2286 children [combination 

 group]). Of these, 1965, 1988, and 1967 children in the three 

 groups, respectively, received the first dose of the assigned 

 intervention and were followed for 3 years. Febrile seizure 

 developed in 5 children the day after receipt of the vaccine, 

 but the children recovered and had no sequelae. There were 305 

 events of uncomplicated clinical malaria per 1000 person-years 

 at risk in the chemoprevention-alone group, 278 events per 1000 

 person-years in the vaccine-alone group, and 113 events per 1000 

 person-years in the combination group. The hazard ratio for the 

 protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E as compared with 

 chemoprevention was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 

 1.01), which excluded the prespecified noninferiority margin of 

 1.20. The protective efficacy of the combination as compared 

 with chemoprevention alone was 62.8% (95% CI, 58.4 to 66.8) 

 against clinical malaria, 70.5% (95% CI, 41.9 to 85.0) against 

 hospital admission with severe malaria according to the World 

 Health Organization definition, and 72.9% (95% CI, 2.9 to 

 92.4) against death from malaria. The protective efficacy of the 

 combination as compared with the vaccine alone against these 

 outcomes was 59.6% (95% CI, 54.7 to 64.0), 70.6% (95% CI, 

 42.3 to 85.0), and 75.3% (95% CI, 12.5 to 93.0), respectively. 

 CONCLUSIONS: Administration of RTS,S/AS01E was noninferior to 

 chemoprevention in preventing uncomplicated malaria. The 

 combination of these interventions resulted in a substantially 

 lower incidence of uncomplicated malaria, severe malaria, and 

 death from malaria than either intervention alone. (Funded by 

 the Joint Global Health Trials and PATH; ClinicalTrials.gov 

 number, NCT03143218.).},

note = {Copyright © 2021 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Place: United States

PMID: 34432975},

keywords = {Amodiaquine/therapeutic use, Antimalarials/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Chemoprevention, Combination, Combined Modality Therapy, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Drug Therapy, Falciparum/epidemiology/mortality/prevention \& control, Febrile/etiology, Female, Hospitalization/statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Malaria Vaccines/administration \& dosage/adverse effects, Male, Mali/epidemiology, Pyrimethamine/therapeutic use, Seasons, Seizures, Sulfadoxine/therapeutic use},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Traore2021-vr,

title = {COVID-19 epidemiological, sociological and anthropological  investigation: study protocol for a multidisciplinary mixed  methods research in Burkina Faso},

author = {Isidore Tiandiogo Traor\'{e} and Samiratou Ouedraogo and Dramane Kania and Firmin Nongodo Kabor\'{e} and Blahima Konat\'{e} and Rachel M\'{e}dah and Hermann Badolo and Nathalie Rekeneire and Ariane Mamguem Kamga and Armel Poda and Arnaud Eric Diendere and Boukary Ou\'{e}draogo and Esperance Ou\'{e}draogo and Oumar Billa and Halidou Tinto and Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli},

doi = {10.1186/s12879-021-06543-4},

issn = {1471-2334},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-03},

urldate = {2021-09-03},

journal = {BMC Infect. Dis.},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

pages = {896},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: The world has high hopes of vaccination against 

 COVID-19 to protect the population, boost economies and return to 

 normal life. Vaccination programmes are being rolled out in high 

 income countries, but the pandemic continues to progress in many 

 low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) despite implementation of 

 strict hygiene measures. We aim to present a comprehensive 

 research protocol that will generate epidemiological, 

 sociological and anthropological data about the COVID-19 epidemic 

 in Burkina Faso, a landlocked country in West Africa with scarce 

 resources. METHODS: We will perform a multidisciplinary research 

 using mixed methods in the two main cities in Burkina Faso 

 (Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso). Data will be collected in the 

 general population and in COVID-19 patients, caregivers and 

 health care professionals in reference care centers: (i) to 

 determine cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the 

 Burkinabe population using blood samples collected from randomly 

 selected households according to the WHO-recommended protocol; 

 (ii) develop a score to predict severe complications of COVID-19 

 in persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 using retrospective and 

 prospective data; (iii) perform semi-structured interviews and 

 direct observation on site, to describe and analyze the 

 healthcare pathways and experiences of patients with COVID-19 

 attending reference care centers, and to identify the 

 perceptions, acceptability and application of preventive 

 strategies among the population. DISCUSSION: This study will 

 generate comprehensive data that will contribute to improving 

 COVID-19 response strategies in Burkina Faso. The lessons learned 

 from the management of this epidemic may serve as examples to the 

 country authorities to better design preventive strategies in the 

 case of future epidemics or pandemics. The protocol was approved 

 by the Ministry for Health (N° 2020-00952/MS/CAB/INSP/CM) and the 

 Health Research Ethics Committee in Burkina Faso (N° 2020-8-140).},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34479501 

PMCID: PMC8414025},

keywords = {Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Clinical epidemiology, COVID-19, Humans, Predictive score, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, SARS-Cov-2, Sero-epidemiology, Socio-anthropology},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Roberts2021-gg,

title = {Seasonal patterns of malaria, genital infection, nutritional and  iron status in non-pregnant and pregnant adolescents in Burkina  Faso: a secondary analysis of trial data},

author = {Stephen A Roberts and Loretta Brabin and Halidou Tinto and Sabine Gies and Salou Diallo and Bernard Brabin},

doi = {10.1186/s12889-021-11819-0},

issn = {1471-2458},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

urldate = {2021-09-01},

journal = {BMC Public Health},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

pages = {1764},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adolescents are considered at high risk of developing iron deficiency. Studies in children indicate that the prevalence of iron deficiency increased with  malaria transmission, suggesting malaria seasonally may drive iron deficiency. This  paper examines monthly seasonal infection patterns of malaria, abnormal vaginal  flora, chorioamnionitis, antibiotic and antimalarial prescriptions, in relation to  changes in iron biomarkers and nutritional indices in adolescents living in a rural  area of Burkina Faso, in order to assess the requirement for seasonal infection  control and nutrition interventions. METHODS: Data collected between April 2011 and  January 2014 were available for an observational seasonal analysis, comprising  scheduled visits for 1949 non-pregnant adolescents (≤19 years), (315 of whom  subsequently became pregnant), enrolled in a randomised trial of periconceptional  iron supplementation. Data from trial arms were combined. Body Iron Stores (BIS)  were calculated using an internal regression for ferritin to allow for inflammation.  At recruitment 11% had low BIS (\< 0 mg/kg). Continuous outcomes were fitted to a  mixed-effects linear model with month, age and pregnancy status as fixed effect  covariates and woman as a random effect. Dichotomous infection outcomes were fitted  with analogous logistic regression models. RESULTS: Seasonal variation in malaria  parasitaemia prevalence ranged between 18 and 70% in non-pregnant adolescents  (P \< 0.001), peaking at 81% in those who became pregnant. Seasonal variation  occurred in antibiotic prescription rates (0.7-1.8 prescriptions/100 weekly visits,  P \< 0.001) and chorioamnionitis prevalence (range 15-68%, P = 0.026). Mucosal  vaginal lactoferrin concentration was lower at the end of the wet season (range  2-22 μg/ml, P \< 0.016), when chorioamnionitis was least frequent. BIS fluctuated  annually by up to 53.2% per year around the mean BIS (5.1 mg/kg(2), range  4.1-6.8 mg/kg), with low BIS (\< 0 mg/kg) of 8.7% in the dry and 9.8% in the wet  seasons (P = 0.36). Median serum transferrin receptor increased during the wet  season (P \< 0.001). Higher hepcidin concentration in the wet season corresponded  with rising malaria prevalence and use of prescriptions, but with no change in BIS.  Mean Body Mass Index and Mid-Upper-Arm-Circumference values peaked mid-dry season  (both P \< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis supports preventive treatment of malaria  among adolescents 15-19 years to decrease their disease burden, especially  asymptomatic malaria. As BIS were adequate in most adolescents despite seasonal  malaria, a requirement for programmatic iron supplementation was not substantiated.},

note = {© 2021. The Author(s).

PMID: 34579679 

PMCID: PMC8477466},

keywords = {Abnormal vaginal flora, Adolescents, Bacterial vaginosis, Body Mass Index, Burkina Faso/epidemiology, Child, Female, Humans, Iron, iron biomarkers, Malaria, Malaria/drug therapy/epidemiology, MUAC, Pregnancy, Seasons, Vagina},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}